scholarly journals How apple responds to boron excess in acidic and limed soil

2013 ◽  
pp. 0-0 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Paparnakis ◽  
C Chatzissavvidis ◽  
V Antoniadis
Keyword(s):  
Boron Excess ◽  
Limed Soil

scholarly journals Effect of heating oil on the activity of soil enzymes and the yield of yellow lupine

2011 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 220-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Kucharski ◽  
E. Jastrzębska
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Urease Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Acid And Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Heating Oil ◽  
Average Activity ◽  
Yellow Lupine ◽  
Experimental Soil ◽  
Limed Soil

The aim of the study was to determine the response of soil enzymes such as dehydrogenases, urease and acid and alkaline phosphatases to heating oil contaminating (0.0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1.0, 1.5% of soil) the experimental soil supplemented with lime and used for cultivation of yellow lupine of the Markiz variety. An increasing contamination of soil with heating oil stimulated the activity of dehydrogenases and acid and alkaline phosphatases but had a toxic effect on yellow lupine. Lime supplements did not have a significant effect on an average activity of soil dehydrogenases. However, such soil treatment had a significant effect on urease. Increasing heating oil doses in lime-supplemented soil stimulated urease activity, whereas in lime-free soil urease activity was inhibited. The activity of acid and alkaline phosphatase was lower in limed soil than in lime-free soil. The activity of dehydrogenases, urease and alkaline phosphatase in the soil with lupine cultivation was significantly higher than in the unsown soil.

Lime-slotting technique to ameliorate subsoil acidity in a clay soil II. Effects on medic root-growth, water extraction and yield

Soil Research ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 443 ◽  
Author(s):  
NS Jayawardane ◽  
HD Barrs ◽  
WA Muirhead ◽  
J Blackwell ◽  
E Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Undisturbed Soil ◽  
Subsoil Acidity ◽  
Soil Water Extraction ◽  
Limed Soil

Subsoil acidity causes low crop production, which is often associated with shallow root development and restricted soil water extraction. In part I of this series, lime-slotting of an acid soil was shown to improve the soil physical and chemical characteristics for root growth. In a lysimeter study on an acid soil, the effects of several soil ameliorative treatments on root growth, water extraction and yields of a medic crop were evaluated. Large lysimeter cores of 0.75 m diameter and 1.35 m deep were used. The soil treatments included a non-ameliorated acid soil, lime-slotting with a 0.15 m wide and 0.8 m deep slot containing 20 t ha-1 of lime, lime-slotting combined with surface phospho-gypsum application at 10 t ha-1, and complete amelioration of the entire soil volume by mixing lime at 133 t ha-1 and repacking to a low bulk density of 1.1 t m-3. In the non-ameliorated acid soil, medic roots were confined to the surface (0.1 m) layer, resulting in limited water extraction of 32 mm during a prolonged drying cycle, and a low dry matter yield of 70 g m-2. In the lime slotted soil, roots grew within the slot to its full depth, although penetration into the undisturbed soil was restricted to the soil immediately adjacent to the slot. Consequently, the root length per unit surface area (La) at depths below 0.1 m depth was increased to 9.9 km m-2. During a drying cycle, water extraction increased to 58 mm. The increased water extraction came from both the slotted soil and the undisturbed soil between slots. This led to an increase in dry matter yields to 270 g m2. In lime-slotted soils with surface gypsum applications, the root growth and crop water extraction patterns were similar to the lime-slotted soil. Repacking limed soil resulted in similar root lengths (L(a) 10.0 km m-2) as lime-slotted soil. However, owing to more uniform distribution of roots in the repacked soil, water extraction was increased to 100 mm and yields increased to 590 g m-2. Yields of non-ameliorated soil were only 12% of the repacked, limed soil. However, lime-slotting which involves loosening only 25% of the soil surface area and addition of only one-sixth of the amount of lime required for complete soil amelioration, led to marked increases in yield (46% of the yield of repacked soil). Future field studies are required to evaluate the optimum limed-slot configurations required for different soils, crops and climatic regimes.

The Importance of Liming Acid Soils of the Sahel Regions of Africa to Sustain High Crop Productivity—a Case Study from the Republic of Cameroon

1992 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Prabhakaran Nair ◽  
V. Ngachie ◽  
F. Nzetchoung
Keyword(s):  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Economic Importance ◽  
Great Economic Importance ◽  
Pot Experiments ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Limed Soil

SUMMARYGroundnut (Arachis hypogaea) has very great economic importance in Cameroon. In pot experiments, groundnut yields on highly acidified but limed soil were 50% greater than those on unlimed soil. These results demonstrate that severely acidified soils of the western highlands of Cameroon should be limed at moderate rates to sustain crop productivity.

Effects of EDTA on the uptake of micronutrient metals by oats from an organic soil

1958 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
RS Beckwith
Keyword(s):  
Manganese Content ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Iron Copper ◽  
Manganese Uptake ◽  
Edta Complexes ◽  
Speed Up ◽  
Anionic Metal Complexes ◽  
Limed Soil ◽  
Do So

It has been shown, in a pot, culture trial, that the addition of EDTA to a neutral, manganese-deficient, organic soil increased the uptake of native manganese by oats. However, manganese uptake from large additions of manganous sulphate was lowered in the presence of EDTX. EDTA increased the uptake of iron and copper from this soil by oats at all yield levels. No increase in uptake of iron, copper, or manganese occurred if EDTA was added to the same soil limed to pH 8. These results are discussed in relation to other reports of the effect of EDTA on plant uptake of micronutrient metals from solution and from soils. It is pointed out that aluminium may replace divalent metals in EDTA complexes added to soils. Such substitution might occur more rapidly at pH 8 than at pH 6-7 because of the larger amount of aluminium in solution at the higher pH. It is suggested that this reaction may explain the failure of EDTA to increase uptake of micronutrient metals from the limed soil in these experiments. Uptake of copper and iron from the untimed s oil, in both presence and absence of added EDTA, appears to be linearly related to total transpiration of the oats during their growth. It is thought that this may reflect the dependence of oats in this soil on soluble anionic metal complexes brought to the roots with soil moisture. In a second pot experiment, uptake of added manganese was increased by EDTA added 3-4 weeks after the manganous sulphate. In this case the manganous sulphate would have been mostly oxidized when the EDTA was added. It is suggested that EDTA may speed up the biological oxidation of manganous salts in neutral soils. If this were so, plants not treated with EDTA in the first experiment might have absorbed more added manganese early in their growth and maintained a higher manganese content throughout the season than plants treated with EDTA. In the second experiment, the effect of EDTA on manganese oxidation would be largely eliminated, and the effect in increasing water-soluble manganese in the soil mould become discernible. In this second experiment, EDTA prevented the occurrence of grey speck disease, whereas addition of hydroquinoue failed to do so. Nevertheless ,plants treated with hydroquinone contained as much manganese as, or more than, those treated with EDTX. This result is discussed in relation to the "manganese requirement," of oats.

Effects of boron excess in nutrient solution on growth, mineral nutrition, and physiological parameters ofJatropha curcasseedlings

2013 ◽  
Vol 176 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inma Simón ◽  
Leyanes Díaz-López ◽  
Vicente Gimeno ◽  
Manuel Nieves ◽  
Walter E. Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Solution ◽  
Mineral Nutrition ◽  
Physiological Parameters ◽  
Boron Excess

The effect of over 50 years of liming on soil aluminium forms in a Retisol

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Kryzevicius ◽  
D. Karcauskiene ◽  
E. Álvarez-Rodríguez ◽  
A. Zukauskaite ◽  
A. Slepetiene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Profile ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Total Water ◽  
Clay Particles ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Limed Soil

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to evaluate the effect of long-term (56 years) liming on changes in soil pH and aluminium (Al) forms in the soil profile compared with an unlimed soil in a sandy moraine loam of a Dystric Glossic Retisol. Long-term liming had a significant influence on soil acidity of the whole profile, causing increased pH values in the following horizons to 120 cm depth: the ploughing horizon (Ahp), where humus accumulates; the eluvial horizon (E), from which clay particles are leached; a horizon having retic properties and predominantly coarser-textured albic material (E/B); and a horizon with retic properties and predominantly finer-textured argic material (B/E). In the solid phase, non-crystalline Al in limed soil decreased in the Ahp horizon; meanwhile a decrease in total organically bound Al (Alp) and organo–Al complexes of low to medium stability was detected in the deeper El and ElBt horizons. High-stability Al complexes with organic matter were the predominant form of Alp in the unlimed and limed whole soil profile. The concentration of total water-soluble Al ranged from 0.61 to 0.80 mg/l in the limed soil profile but 0.62–1.15 mg/l in the unlimed soil. The highest concentration of exchangeable Al was determined in the upper horizons of the unlimed soil profile and the concentration decreased significantly in the same horizons of the limed soil profile. Long-term liming promoted changes in Al compounds throughout the soil profile.

Hydrogen and aluminum inhibition of soybean root extension from limed soil into acid subsurface solutions

1998 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 387-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Sanzonowicz ◽  
T. J. Smyth ◽  
D. W. Israel
Keyword(s):  
Root Extension ◽  
Soybean Root ◽  
Limed Soil

Interactions between liming and availability of C and P regulate nitrogen transformations and denitrifying potential in an acidic arable soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Liang ◽  
Diego Abalos ◽  
Lars Elsgaard
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
Arable Soil ◽  
P Availability ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Management Option ◽  
Nitrogen Transformations ◽  
P Addition ◽  
Limed Soil

<p>Liming to increase pH of acidic soils is a common agricultural practice to optimize crop yields, which also modulates greenhouse gas emissions from soils. In particular, soil pH has been identified as a primary regulator of denitrification pathways with enhanced ratio of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) to dinitrogen (N<sub>2</sub>) emissions (i.e., enhanced N<sub>2</sub>O/N<sub>2</sub> ratio) at lower soil pH. Therefore liming could represent a potential management option to mitigate soil N<sub>2</sub>O emissions. However, changes in soil pH have pervasive effects on general microbial activity and on soil properties, including transformations of carbon (C) and bioavailability of phosphorus (P), with a feedback on microbial processes. Thus, the eventual net effects of liming on microbially derived N<sub>2</sub>O emissions may be complex. The aim of this study was to discern the interaction between liming (soil pH), and availability of C and P in regulating N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from acidic fertilized agroecosystems. Using coarse sandy soils from a long-term liming field experiment, N<sub>2</sub>O/N<sub>2</sub> ratios from denitrifying enzyme activity was shown to be strongly affected by liming, i.e., with gradually decreasing ratios at increasing soil pH. Although liming acidic soil (pH, 3.6) to almost neutral (pH, 6.4) favored the reduction of N<sub>2</sub>O to N<sub>2</sub>, it also enhanced the overall denitrification rate, which eventually resulted in the highest N<sub>2</sub>O emission from moderately limed treatments (pH, 4.7). Interactions between P availability and denitrification (and N<sub>2</sub>O emission) occurred, where P addition generally increased cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions with strongest effect at the moderately limed soil. Mechanistic hypotheses for this effect are discussed. Overall, our results suggest that a critical liming rate should be pursued which may lead to substantial mitigation of N<sub>2</sub>O emissions from acidic arable soil.</p>

EFFECT OF CONCENTRATION OF THE ALUMINUM ION ON ROOT DEVELOPMENT AND ESTABLISHMENT OF LEGUME SEEDLINGS

1965 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. MacLeod ◽  
L. P. Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Acid Soil ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Concentration ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Aluminum Ion ◽  
Soil Aluminum ◽  
Limed Soil

Alfalfa, red clover, ladino clover, alsike clover, and birdsfoot trefoil were germinated in soil (pH 6.5) or in inert silica (8 mesh) and allowed to root in a [Formula: see text] Hoagland and Snyder's nutrient solution (pH 4.5) with 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, and 10 p.p.m. of added aluminum. Each species, germinated in silica, was also rooted in an unlimed acid soil (pH 4.6) and the same soil limed to a pH of 6.5.Concentration of aluminum ion remaining in solution was 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 p.p.m. Saturation extracts of the unlimed and limed soil contained 0.45 and 0.0 p.p.m respectively of aluminum ion in solution. The pH of the nutrient solutions with 0.5, 1, and 2 p.p.m. of added aluminum increased to 5.0 or higher in 24 hours while that with 4 and 10 p.p.m. of added aluminum remained relatively constant.Seedling weight and chemical composition of the tops and root portions varied significantly between species. Alfalfa and red clover showed the most vigorous rate of establishment, and yields were higher with 0.1 and 0.2 p.p.m. concentration of aluminum ion than with the zero treatment. Significant restriction of top and root growth of all species occurred with less than 1.0 p.p.m. of aluminum ion while 2.0 p.p.m. was toxic to root growth. Growth restrictions were more severe at 21 days after seeding than at the 28- or 32-day stages. Yield of tops and roots growing into unlimed acid soil were 73 and 71% respectively of those growing into limed soil. Aluminum taken up by the plant was concentrated in the roots and only with the concentration of aluminum at 2.0 p.p.m. was the content in the tops increased significantly. Phosphorus in the roots, which increased significantly with aluminum ion concentration, was apparently immobilized by aluminum. Percent Ca in the roots increased and in the tops decreased with increasing concentrations of aluminum. Content of K and Mg also varied with aluminum concentration.

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