3D Printed Integrated Microfluidic Cooling for High Power RF Applications

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 000675-000680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Craton ◽  
Mohd Ifwat Mohd Ghazali ◽  
Brian Wright ◽  
Kyoung Youl Park ◽  
Premjeet Chahal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Rf Circuits ◽  
Copper Plate ◽  
Power Supplies ◽  
Plastic Substrate ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Channel Integration ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time

Abstract This paper presents the design and fabrication of microfluidic channel integration in a plastic substrate using 3D printing. The microfluidic channels are integrated along with a copper plate which the coolant is in direct contact with. To demonstrate the design, a diode intended for switched power supplies is integrated onto the copper plate and its performance characterized. 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM) allows for fast prototyping of such package designs and can be readily adopted in the fabrication of RF circuits. This paper, to the best of our knowledge, for the first time will demonstrate a 3D printed integrated microfluidic channel for the cooling of electronic circuits. Details of design, fabrication and characterization are presented.

scholarly journals Printability and properties of 3D-printed poplar fiber/polylactic acid biocomposite

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 2774-2788
Author(s):  
Zhaozhe Yang ◽  
Xinhao Feng ◽  
Min Xu ◽  
Denis Rodrigue
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Layer Thickness ◽  
Polylactic Acid ◽  
Physical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
Longitudinal Stripe ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Printing Parameters

To efficiently and economically utilize a wood-plastic biocomposite, an eco-friendly biocomposite was prepared using modified poplar fiber and polylactic acid (PLA) via 3D printing technology for the first time. First, the effects of poplar fiber (0, 1, 3, 5, 7, and 9%) on the mechanical and rheological properties of the printed biocomposites were investigated. Subsequently, the printing parameters, including printing temperature, speed, and layer thickness, were optimized to obtain the biocomposite with superior properties. Finally, four printing orientations were applied to the biocomposite based on the optimized printing parameters to study the effect of filament orientation on the properties of the biocomposite. Favorable printability and mechanical properties of the biocomposite were obtained at 5% poplar fiber. The optimal printing temperature of 220 °C, speed of 40 mm/s, and layer thickness of 0.2 mm were obtained to produce the desired mechanical properties of the biocomposite with the printing orientation in a longitudinal stripe. However, the printing parameters should be chosen according to the applications, where different physical and mechanical properties are needed to achieve efficient and economical utilization of the biocomposites.

Effect of Non-Planar Tungsten V-Electrode Pattern in a 3D Printed Microfluidic System

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Salman Parvez ◽  
Md Fazlay Rubby ◽  
Shanzida Kabir ◽  
Meah Imtiaz Zulkarnain ◽  
Nazmul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Flow Characteristics ◽  
Microfluidic Channel ◽  
Maximum Velocity ◽  
Flow Region ◽  
Microfluidic System ◽  
Wet Etching ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Flowing Fluid ◽  
Micro Particles ◽  
3D Printed

Abstract Manipulation, guiding, and focusing of particles is an important phenomenon in the area of biomedical research. In most cases, particles are suspended in a microfluidic environment. These microfluidic environments can be high or low conductive. Most importantly these flows seeded with the micro-particles are manipulated and guided in microfluidic channels. Microfluidic channels have very low dimensions and considering the flow rate the characteristic of the flow in a microfluidic channel is laminar in nature. There are many micromachining methods available for fabricating microfluidic channels such as soft-lithography, wet etching, electroforming, PDMS molding, laser ablation followed by wet etching but in most of these cases, a microfabrication facility is required which is very costly in nature. Now a days 3D printing process is widely used to design microfluidic channels as a cheap process for conducting laboratory experiments. In this work, a 3D printed microfluidic channel fabrication process was presented along with a CAD drawing with microstructural dimension analysis. Previously V-electrode pattern was used in the static fluid system. In this work, a V-elect rode pattern was inserted in the microfluidic system for the first time to analyze the behavior of the flowing fluid of different conductivity under the application of AC current. The flow characteristics were presented and analyzed with the Reynolds number and the flow region of maximum velocity before and after the implementation of the AC electric field. The direction of the flow was also observed in the V-shaped microfluidics environment.

3D Printing and Growth Induced Bending based on PET-RAFT Polymerization

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chris Bainbridge ◽  
Kyle Engel ◽  
Jianyong Jin
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Surface Properties ◽  
Raft Polymerization ◽  
Advanced Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printer ◽  
4D Printing ◽  
Printing Process ◽  
Raft Agent ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time

4D printing has steadily become an emerging area of advanced manufacturing research and has produced some truly fantastic innovations. Previously we have demonstrated the 3D printing process based on PET-RAFT polymerization, and its subsequent capability in the post-production modification of surface properties. In this work, (1) we further optimized the PET-RAFT 3D printing formulation by replacing RAFT agent CDTPA with BTPA and adjusting the monomers composition; (2) we also observed the photodegradation of the photocatalysts EB and EY under 405nm light and the effects this has on 3D printing; (3) we then did successful 3D printing using a commercial 405nm DLP 3D printer, with an improved build speed of up to 2286 µm/hr; (4) lastly, for the first time we have demonstrated a method for growth induced bending of a 3D printed strip, where the growth on one side of the strip causes stress and the strip bends accordingly to reach a more comfortable position.

scholarly journals Towards Distributed Recycling with Additive Manufacturing of PET Flake Feedstocks

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (19) ◽  
pp. 4273
Author(s):  
Helen A. Little ◽  
Nagendra G. Tanikella ◽  
Matthew J. Reich ◽  
Matthew J. Fiedler ◽  
Samantha L. Snabes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
3D Print ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Sequential Combination ◽  
Future Work ◽  
The Impact ◽  
First Time

This study explores the potential to reach a circular economy for post-consumer Recycled Polyethylene Terephthalate (rPET) packaging and bottles by using it as a Distributed Recycling for Additive Manufacturing (DRAM) feedstock. Specifically, for the first time, rPET water bottle flake is processed using only an open source toolchain with Fused Particle Fabrication (FPF) or Fused Granular Fabrication (FGF) processing rather than first converting it to filament. In this study, first the impact of granulation, sifting, and heating (and their sequential combination) is quantified on the shape and size distribution of the rPET flakes. Then 3D printing tests were performed on the rPET flake with two different feed systems: an external feeder and feed tube augmented with a motorized auger screw, and an extruder-mounted hopper that enables direct 3D printing. Two Gigabot X machines were used, each with the different feed systems, and one without and the latter with extended part cooling. 3D print settings were optimized based on thermal characterization, and both systems were shown to 3D print rPET directly from shredded water bottles. Mechanical testing showed the importance of isolating rPET from moisture and that geometry was important for uniform extrusion. The mechanical strength of 3D-printed parts with FPF and inconsistent flow is lower than optimized fused filament, but adequate for a wide range of applications. Future work is needed to improve consistency and enable water bottles to be used as a widespread DRAM feedstock.

scholarly journals Embedding Carbon Dots in Superabsorbent Polymers for Additive Manufacturing

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiqun Zhou ◽  
Keenan Mintz ◽  
Cagri Oztan ◽  
Sajini Hettiarachchi ◽  
Zhili Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Additive Manufacturing ◽  
Citric Acid ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Carbon Dots ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Sodium Polyacrylate ◽  
Superabsorbent Polymers ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time

A type of orange carbon dots (O-CDs) synthesized via an ultrasonication route with citric acid and 1,2-phenylenediamine as precursors was embedded into sodium polyacrylate (SPA) as the ink for 3D printing. Characterizations of these spherical O-CDs revealed an ultra-small size (~2 nm) and excitation-independent, but solvent dependent, emission. The O-CDs were evenly distributed with low degree of aggregation in sodium polyacrylate (SPA), which was achieved due to the property that SPA can absorb water together with O-CDs. The 3D printed photoluminescent objective with the ink revealed a great potential for high yield application of these materials for additive manufacturing. This also represents the first time, bare CDs have been reported as a photoluminescent material in 3D printing, as well as the first time SPA has been reported as a material for 3D printing.

scholarly journals Scalable All-Printed Microwave Microfluidic Sensor for Multi-Liquid Characterization based on a Stub-Loaded Microstrip Line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Wagih ◽  
Junjie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Polyimide Substrate ◽  
Microfluidic Sensors ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
Dispenser Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Triple Band

Microwave microfluidic sensors are typically designed with a channel in vicinity of a resonator's fringing electric (<i>E</i>)-fields, to characterize the material properties of a single fluid. This paper leverages hybrid 3D and dispenser printing to realize a scalable microfluidic sensor utilizing the parallel-plate capacitance of an open-ended microstrip stub, enabling, for the first time, a tunable sensitivity. A stub-loaded microstrip line is then proposed for characterizing multiple microfluidic samples simultaneously using a simple two-port multi-band resonator. The physical constrains which limit the scalability of the proposed sensors have been analyzed analytically and numerically, prior to implementing a three-channel triple-band sensor. The microfluidic channels have been fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing with the microstrip line directly dispenser printed on a conformable polyimide substrate. To accommodate varying channel thicknesses, a tapered microstrip line is proposed to maintain the impedance matching. The fabricated sensor is characterized using binary water-IPA mixtures to evaluate its sensitivity, comparing favorably with reported 3D-printed sensors. The proposed sensor achieves over 90% accuracy in determining the real permittivity following a simple water-based calibration across the different channels, for samples with 16 oC temperature sensitivity across all channels.

scholarly journals Fused Deposition Modeling of Microfluidic Chips in Transparent Polystyrene

Micromachines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1348
Author(s):  
Markus Mader ◽  
Christof Rein ◽  
Eveline Konrat ◽  
Sophia Lena Meermeyer ◽  
Cornelia Lee-Thedieck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Industrial Scale ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Microfluidic Chips ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
Optical And Mechanical Properties ◽  
First Time

Polystyrene (PS) is one of the most commonly used thermoplastic materials worldwide and plays a ubiquitous role in today’s biomedical and life science industry and research. The main advantage of PS lies in its facile processability, its excellent optical and mechanical properties, as well as its biocompatibility. However, PS is only rarely used in microfluidic prototyping, since the structuring of PS is mainly performed using industrial-scale replication processes. So far, microfluidic chips in PS have not been accessible to rapid prototyping via 3D printing. In this work, we present, for the first time, 3D printing of transparent PS using fused deposition modeling (FDM). We present FDM printing of transparent PS microfluidic channels with dimensions as small as 300 µm and a high transparency in the region of interest. Furthermore, we demonstrate the fabrication of functional chips such as Tesla-mixer and mixer cascades. Cell culture experiments showed a high cell viability during seven days of culturing, as well as enabling cell adhesion and proliferation. With the aid of this new PS prototyping method, the development of future biomedical microfluidic chips will be significantly accelerated, as it enables using PS from the early academic prototyping all the way to industrial-scale mass replication.

scholarly journals Scalable All-Printed Microwave Microfluidic Sensor for Multi-Liquid Characterization based on a Stub-Loaded Microstrip Line

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahmoud Wagih ◽  
Junjie Shi
Keyword(s):  
Microstrip Line ◽  
Impedance Matching ◽  
Microfluidic Channels ◽  
Polyimide Substrate ◽  
Microfluidic Sensors ◽  
Printed Sensors ◽  
Dispenser Printing ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
Triple Band

Microwave microfluidic sensors are typically designed with a channel in vicinity of a resonator's fringing electric (<i>E</i>)-fields, to characterize the material properties of a single fluid. This paper leverages hybrid 3D and dispenser printing to realize a scalable microfluidic sensor utilizing the parallel-plate capacitance of an open-ended microstrip stub, enabling, for the first time, a tunable sensitivity. A stub-loaded microstrip line is then proposed for characterizing multiple microfluidic samples simultaneously using a simple two-port multi-band resonator. The physical constrains which limit the scalability of the proposed sensors have been analyzed analytically and numerically, prior to implementing a three-channel triple-band sensor. The microfluidic channels have been fabricated using stereolithography 3D printing with the microstrip line directly dispenser printed on a conformable polyimide substrate. To accommodate varying channel thicknesses, a tapered microstrip line is proposed to maintain the impedance matching. The fabricated sensor is characterized using binary water-IPA mixtures to evaluate its sensitivity, comparing favorably with reported 3D-printed sensors. The proposed sensor achieves over 90% accuracy in determining the real permittivity following a simple water-based calibration across the different channels, for samples with 16 oC temperature sensitivity across all channels.

A 3D-printed adaptive cloaking–illusion-integrated metasurface

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (45) ◽  
pp. 16018-16023
Author(s):  
Qingxuan Liang ◽  
Zhaohui Li ◽  
Zijie Jiang ◽  
Yubing Duan ◽  
Tianning Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Injection Molding ◽  
Liquid Metals ◽  
Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printing Technology ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time

An adaptive cloaking–illusion-integrated metasurface is realized for the first time by combining stereolithography of 3D printing technology and injection molding of liquid metals.

R-curve of La2O3 doped Zirconia Toughened Alumina Composites Prepared via Stereolithography based 3D Printing

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haidong Wu ◽  
W. Liu ◽  
Meipeng Huang ◽  
Jianwei Liang ◽  
Di An ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
3D Printing ◽  
Crack Size ◽  
Liquid Precursor ◽  
Zro2 Phase ◽  
Alumina Composites ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
First Time ◽  
New Phase ◽  
Zirconia Toughened Alumina

Abstract In this study, we combined liquid precursor infiltration of high introduction amounts of bi-additives (20wt%) and stereolithography-based 3D printing to fabricate zirconia toughened alumina, and the infiltration systems consist of the four following systems Zr4+/La3+, Zr4+/Er3+, Zr4+/Gd3+, and Zr4+/Ce4+. The sample immersed with Zr4+/La3+ shows intense peaks of m-ZrO2 phase compared to the other samples while a new phase of flake-like LaAl11O18 occurs in the Zr4+/La3+ immersed sample, the existence of which could be confirmed by XRD and EDS. The fracture toughness of the Zr4+/Er3+, Zr4+/Gd3+, and Zr4+/Ce4+ samples remained basically unchanged versus the crack size, while the measured fracture toughness values for the Zr4+/La3+ system could be fitted as a rising R-curve behavior with the steady-state fracture toughness of 17.76 MPa·m1/2. The enormous enhancement of the toughness could be attributed to thermal expansion misfit and flake-like LaAl11O18 in the Zr4+/La3+ system. The effect of residual stresses on the fracture mode and thus the toughness is discussed on the basis of theoretical calculation and analysis. It is the first time a rising R-curve behavior is observed in the 3D printed ceramics. The shocking discovery provides a highly effective toughening way in 3D printing combined infiltration approach.

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