scholarly journals Asbestos-the Silent Killer: a review of screening and diagnostic imaging of asbestos related lung disease

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Ali Nawaz Khan ◽  
Hamdan Al-Jahdali ◽  
Klaus L. Irion ◽  
Shyam Sunder Koteyar
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Work Place ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Pathologic Features ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Uk

An epidemic of asbestos related lung (ARLD) disease stares the developed countries in the face. However, these countries have lately banned the use of asbestos. Nevertheless, Western countries have no qualms of selling asbestos to poor countries that have no credible health safety regulations in the work place. Epidemiologic studies predicted a decline in incidence of ARLD in the US after the year 2000, with a peak incidence in the UK in 2020. Lung cancer (LC) develops in up to 25% of asbestos workers. In exposed nonsmokers, there is 5-fold increase. In exposed individuals, smoking further increases the risk of bronchogenic carcinoma by 80-90-fold. However the silent killer, asbestos is still active in developing countries and is likely to remains so in decades to come. In the Middle East, immigrant workers still work in asbestos environment. Saudi Arabia is the only major country in the Middle East that has banned asbestos, but workers continue to be at risk due to maintenance work on buildings built before the ban. As asbestos related lung disease remains silent in many and has a long latent period, the only way of detecting these diseases early is by diligence being aware of the patient’s occupational history and affective imaging. Presently there is no credible screening for ARLD. Here we review imaging studies in ARLD to increase awareness of this potentially lethal disease. Whereas diagnosis of ARLD is a matter for compensation in the developed countries it is a matter of survival in the developing world where industrialization has just begun and may take decades to remove the threat of asbestos. In this review we will discuss the clinical, radiologic, and pathologic features of ARLD.

Migration, Poverty, the Role of State, (International) Law and Development in the Industrialised Countries of Europe

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian-Vincent Ikejiaku
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
International Law ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The State ◽  
Border Security ◽  
Law And Development ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Role Of The State ◽  
Industrialised Countries

Abstract The current radical strategies by which there is, on one hand, an increasing European assistance to developing poor countries of Africa/Middle East and on the other hand, tightened border-security within Europe as a means to reduce migration from the South; may worsen the state of poverty in Europe, particularly on the immigrants and impact on the workforce in Europe with implication on development. Though, these strategies may sound radically appealing, they are however, unlikely to reduce migration flows to Europe. While there is still a “wide development gap” between the poor countries of Africa/Middle East and industrialised countries of Europe, migration will often increase, at least in the next two-three decades. Radical border security in Europe will expose the migrants to human trafficking in different form and manifestation contrary to Article 3 UN Protocol on Trafficking in Person. The paper examines the role of the State and Law and development, in addressing the issues of poverty and migration within the industrialised countries of Europe. The research argues that there is the likelihood that poverty and human right issues will increase in Europe in the near-future, if the State/EU fails to play their role, by changing their policy direction and repositioning themselves by improving their Law and development stance. The research employs the human rights-based approach, interdisciplinary and critical-analytical perspective within the framework of international Law and development. It employs qualitative empirical evidence from developed countries of Europe and poor developing countries for analysis.

The Impact of Population Aging on Economic Growth: Panel Data Evidence from Middle East Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 67-86
Author(s):  
Abdullah Abdulaziz Bawazir ◽  
Mohamed Aslam ◽  
Ahmad Farid Osman
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Panel Data ◽  
Middle East ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Population Aging ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Dependency Ratio ◽  
Middle East Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries

This study examines the relationship between population aging and economic growth in a panel of 10 selected Middle East countries for the period of 1996–2016. For this purpose, this study uses two different measures of population aging, namely population aged 65 and over and old dependency ratio, to investigate their impacts on economic growth. The study utilizes the three alternative models of static panel data comprised of the pooled ordinary least squares, random effects, and fixed effects. The results of the robust fixed effects model indicate that the population aged 65 and over and the old dependency ratio have a positive effect on economic growth. The finding supports the argument indicating that an aging population does not necessarily adversely affect economic growth in the developing countries as it does in the developed countries. Therefore, the elderly population is not a matter of concern for the Middle East and the mechanisms through which the effect can take place are savings behavior and human capital accumulation of the individuals.

Aid for trade

2006 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph E. Stiglitz ◽  
Andrew Charlton
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Poor ◽  
Transition Costs ◽  
Development Policies ◽  
Aid For Trade ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
First Time ◽  
Trading Regime

Adjustment to a post‐Doha trading regime will be disproportionately costly and difficult for developing countries. Increased aid is vital for the poor countries if they are to grasp the opportunities provided through trade and meet transition costs. With aid‐for‐trade, for the first time, the developed countries have another bound and meaningful commitment that they can offer developing countries. Our proposal to provide new resources to meet adjustment needs, however, does not suggest that trade, when combined with aid, will be a panacea for developing countries. Interactions between trade, aid, and broader development policies and reforms are important.

Security and privacy of adolescents in social applications and networks: legislative aspects and legal practice of countering cyberbullying on example of developed and developing countries

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmad Ghandour ◽  
Viktor Shestak ◽  
Konstantin Sokolovskiy
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Security And Privacy ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Social Applications

Purpose This paper aims to study the developed countries’ experience on the cyberbullying legal regulation among adolescents, to identify existing shortcomings in the developing countries’ laws and to develop recommendations for regulatory framework improvement. Design/methodology/approach The authors have studied the state regulatory practice of the UK, the USA, Canada, Malaysia, South Africa, Turkey, UAE and analyzed the statistics of 2018 on the cyberbullying manifestation among adolescents in these countries. Findings The study results can encourage countries to create separate cyberbullying legislation and periodically review and modify already existing legislation. Originality/value The study provides a list of the recommendations to regulate cybercrime in developing countries and prevent it as well. The results may contribute to creating laws related to the regulation of cyberbullying in countries where such legislation does not exist yet or existing regulatory legal acts do not bring the expected results, namely, in Post-Soviet countries and other developing countries of the world.

scholarly journals Aspek Hukum Import Sampah Plastik

BESTUUR ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
Solikah Ana Estikomah
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Public Awareness ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Hazardous Materials ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Cost

<p><em>Indeveloped countriesbannedtoxic waste began to be recorded afterproved disastrous. In addition there isa gap for the cost of treating waste </em><em>plastic</em><em> in the developed countries anddeveloping countries. The high cost ofwastewater treatmentin </em><em>plastic</em><em> developed countries in part due to the high cost of compliance and strict law. In contrast, the low cost sewage treatment </em><em>plastic </em><em> in developing countriesdue to the lack of law enforcement. On the other hand, as a result of the construction waste requires complextechnology for processing and finaldisposal of hazardous materials is increasingly narrows with increasingawareness of the importance ofenvironmental protection. Waste-producing countries </em><em>plastic </em><em> and then look for the easiestand cheapest way to dispose of waste. Poor countries thatare developing targeted for regulation lingkungannnyastill weak. The existence of import export </em><em>plastic </em><em> waste between advanced and developing countries may be said to have lastedlong enough for the re-emergence of international public awareness of thedangers of pollution is industrial waste.</em> <em>The analysis research was conducted in a juridical-normative manner based on literature study</em></p><p><em></em><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Waste, </em><em>law, plastic, import</em></p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Development and Position of Africa in Science and Technology Today

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 60-68
Author(s):  
Adedokun J. Olusegun ◽  
Akinsanmi Fatima ◽  
Fasasi Abiodun Wakeel
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Science And Technology ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
West African ◽  
African Countries ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
The World ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Developed Countries

Science and technology capabilities are fundamental for social and economic progress in African countries and they are crucial components aimed at fostering growth and development of every nation as they create impact on the various sectors of governments. Maintaining and Strengthening the contributions of science and technology become more important for Africa in addressing traditional development issues and successful application of science and technology entails establishing effective institutional framework and linkages so that the various science and technology institutions and the productive sectors work in a system that is focused on achieving developmental goals without undue duplication and completion. Unfortunately, many developing countries especially the poor countries in West Africa do not have human resources, physical and economic infrastructures and access to capital to take full advantage of the science and technology expertise and achievements of the developed countries like the USA, China, and Korea etc. Conclusively, it is imperative for Africa especially West African countries to embrace science and technology as a vital tool for accelerating their socio-economic development as science and technology enhances its international competitiveness and more importantly its position in the world economy.  

scholarly journals Trends analysis of cancer topic of Cochrane systematic reviews: a bibliometric analysis

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelu Yang ◽  
Ya Gao ◽  
Yitong Cai ◽  
Ming Liu ◽  
Cuncun Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Cochrane Database ◽  
Scientific Outputs ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
Number Of Publications ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Review Manager

Abstract Purpose: To analyze the scientific outputs of the cancer topic of Cochrane systematic reviews (Cancer-CSR) in order to have a comprehensive understanding and lay the foundation for the following research. Patients and methods: Cochrane Database of Systematic Review and Web of Science Core Collection were retrieved limited from Jan. 1, 2009 to Dec. 12, 2018. CiteSpace IV and Excel 2018 were applied to analyze and visualize the literature information. Results: Ultimately, 607 Cancer-CSR were retrieved, 32 countries, 179 institutions and 260 authors involved. The number of publications in Cancer-CSR has been increasing over the past decades (25(2009)-77(2018)). UK, USA, Canada, Australia, and Germany worked closely with other countries, especially the UK (n=361) has taken the lead in this field. The top 10 contributive institutions, which were almost came from developed countries, collaborated closely with other institutions. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, C Hdb Sys and J Clin Oncol were the top three journals with the highest co-citation. The top three co-cited references were the two different version of Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews and the guidelines of Review Manager. The biggest cluster of keywords “cytoreductive surgery (CRS)” and the latest clusters “visual inspection” and “non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug” were the most promising hotspots. Conclusions: Cancer-CSR has been increasing. Most of the reviews were came from the developed countries as well as the institutes in these countries. The knowledge base of was the methodology studies of systematic review, epidemiological data of cancer, and the reporting guideline of systematic reviews. The adjuvant therapy combined CRS, the screening of skin cancer and the management of cancer-related pain were the hotspots. Reasons that influence the author's preference for Cancer-CSR also deserve further investigation.

scholarly journals Environmental factors in trade during the great transformation: advancing the geographical coverage before 1950

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Brolin ◽  
Astrid Kander
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Environmental Accounting ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Great Divergence ◽  
National Studies ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Great Acceleration

AbstractIn the study of trade-embedded environmental factors (land, water, energy, or material flows), three conflicting interpretations prevail concerning what happened before 1950. The ‘great specialization’ narrative argues that trade served to lighten pressure on the environment by redistributing environmental services from where they were abundant to where they were scarce. The ‘great divergence’ sees an exploitative transfer from poor countries to rich and powerful ones or an environmental load displacement from rich to poor. The ‘great acceleration’ dismisses flows as insignificant either way. We review long-term national studies and find an almost exclusive focus on developed countries, mostly European and especially the UK, where more systematic studies tend to support ‘specialization’ and/or ‘acceleration’. By contrast, more qualitative studies on individual exports from developing countries often support ‘divergence’, but, since imports are excluded by design, this can never be demonstrated. We propose widening the geographical scope of long-term national studies beyond Europe and extending existing studies with bilateral trade, and suggest that ‘developing country’ trade be quantified according to existing methods of environmental accounting.

Sustainability reporting: an empirical evaluation of emerging and developed economies

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Bhatia ◽  
Siya Tuli
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Evaluation ◽  
Sustainability Reporting ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Developing Nations ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Reporting Practices ◽  
Developed Economies ◽  
The Developed Countries ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Developed Nations

Purpose This paper aims to investigate and compare the sustainability reporting practices of companies in developing nations (BRIC) with those in the developed economies (the UK and USA) as per GRI framework. Design/methodology/approach Content analysis has been applied on a sample of 232 companies listed on the Stock Exchanges of developing and developed countries (Brazil – BOVESPA index, 39 companies; Russia – RTS index, 21 companies; India – SENSEX, 17 companies; China – SSE 50, 19 companies; the USA – NASDAQ 100 and Amex major market index, 58 companies and the UK – FTSE100, 78 companies). It uses descriptive statistics and independent sample t-test to identify significant comparisons. Findings The findings of this paper suggest that developing nations are providing more information on sustainability practices as compared to the companies in the developed nations. Overall mean disclosure score of developing countries is 59.04 per cent followed by that of the developed countries at 36.47 per cent. The result of independent sample t-test shows these differences significant at 1 per cent level. Practical implications The results of the current paper implicate that the corporate managers of the developing nations should prefer rational and purposive reporting. They should work on the quality of reporting rather than just filling pages because social and environmental issues are more gross in the developing nations as compared to the developed countries. Originality/value Developing and developed nations jointly use the scarce resources and provide output to the world, thereby raising sustenance issues. However, not even a single study was found while reviewing the literature that studied and compared the sustainability reporting practices of these countries.

scholarly journals THE RHETORIC OF THE UAE'S MIDDLE EAST CIVILIZATION ADVANCEMENT TO THE SURROUNDING NATURAL ECOSYSTEM

Jurnal CMES ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 130
Author(s):  
Subhan Jaelani
Keyword(s):  
Middle East ◽  
United Arab Emirates ◽  
General Public ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Natural Ecosystem ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Natural Ecosystems ◽  
Western Countries ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Developed Countries

<p align="center">The Middle East is side by side with western countries competing in optimal utilization in processing the resources provided by the earth. Clean water is an absolute source of life that humans need. In addition, the technology and wealth of a country are the benchmarks for supporting the achievement of a country's goals. The use of manipulated nature to meet the needs of clean water is the idea of one of the developed countries in the Middle East, namely the United Arab Emirates. The United Arab Emirates, which is rich in natural wealth and abundant wealth, accompanied by advances in mindset and technology that is never separated from commemorating its culture, makes them think more deeply than other countries with their wealth of clean water. The sowing of salt in the atmosphere along with desalination/filtration of seawater into ready-to-consume water is an action taken by the Emirate to meet the needs of its people. Changes in natural ecosystems that were originally arid to become barren and green are almost impossible actions but have been successfully carried out and implemented by developed countries in the Middle East. Then the question arises about whether changing the shape and manipulating nature that should be as usual in this ecosystem will have an impact or benefit the general public.</p>

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