Infrared drying as a potential alternative to convective drying for biltong production

Two infrared systems set at an intensity of 4777 W/m2 with peak emission wavelengths of 2.5 and 3.5 μm were used to produce biltong by drying differently pre-treated meat. In addition to meat texture and colour, the microbial quality of the biltong produced was assessed by quantifying viable heterotrophic microorganisms using a most probable number (MPN) method and by verifying the presence of presumptive Escherichia coli in samples produced using infrared and conventional convective drying. The two infrared drying systems reduced the heterotrophic microbial burden from 5.11 log10 MPN/g to 2.89 log10 MPN/g (2.5 μm) and 3.42 log10 MPN/g (3.5 μm), respectively. The infrared systems achieved an up to one log higher MPN/g reduction than the convective system. In biltong samples produced by short wavelength (2.5 μm) infrared drying, E. coli was not detectable. This study demonstrates that the use of short wavelength infrared drying is a potential alternative to conventional convective drying by improving the microbiological quality of biltong products while at the same time delivering products of satisfactory quality.

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Microbiological counting in lamb carcasses from an abattoir in São Paulo, Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782009000600030 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 39 (6) ◽

pp. 1836-1841 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Thaís Mioto Martineli ◽

Oswaldo Durival Rossi Junior ◽

Natacha Deboni Cereser ◽

Marita Vedovelli Cardozo ◽

Cristianne Lino Fontoura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Sao Paulo ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

São Paulo ◽

Probable Number ◽

Lamb Meat ◽

Thermotolerant Coliforms ◽

Sanitary Conditions

The consumption of lamb meat in Brazil has increased in the last years but little information about the microbiological quality of this product is available. To evaluate the hygienic-sanitary conditions of lamb carcasses, the quantification of microorganism populations indicators (mesophiles and psychrotrophs; total and thermotolerant coliforms; Escherichia coli; moulds and yeasts) and the pathogenic microorganisms indentification (Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp.) were performed. A total of 60 lamb carcasses were sampled from one abattoir in São Paulo. Swab samples were collected from three points (forequarter, back and hindquarter) on the muscle surface after carcasses final washing. Statistical analysis consisted of descriptive evaluation of the results whose counts were grouped by intervals of microorganism populations. Counts ranged from 1.0 x 10¹ to 8.0 x 10(4) colony-forming unit cm-2 (CFU cm-2) for mesophiles; 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for psychrotrophs; < 1.0 x 10(0) to 4.4 x 10(4)CFU cm-2 for moulds and yeasts; < 0.3 to > 32.0 most probable number/cm² (MPN cm-2) for total and thermotolerant coliforms and Escherichia coli. Salmonella sp. and Listeria spp. were not found in any of the carcasses. Most carcasses presented low counts for all microorganisms. Overall results may be explained by the small size of the industry where the study was taken. Results suggest that good microbiological quality lamb meat is possible to be obtained, but improvement in hygienic-sanitary conditions is still required.

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A Bacteriological Survey of Raw Ground Beef1

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-40.11.790 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 40 (11) ◽

pp. 790-794 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

JAMES F. FOSTER ◽

JAMES L. FOWLER ◽

WARREN C. LADIGES

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Retail Store ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

E Coli ◽

Fecal Streptococci ◽

Plate Counts ◽

Aerobic And Anaerobic

The microbiological quality of 150 units of raw ground beef obtained from a local retail store was determined. The range of aerobic plate counts was from 6.9 × 104 to 8.3 × 107/g. By using the most probable number method 96.7% of the 150 units were positive for coliforms, 94.7% for Escherichia coli and 61.3% for Staphylococcus aureus. By the plate methods, 99.3% of the units were positive for fecal streptococci and 56% were positive for Clostridium perfringens. No salmonellae were isolated. Aerobic and anaerobic organisms were isolated and identified. E. coli was the most frequently isolated aerobe followed by organisms in the Klebsiella-Enterobacter group. Among the anaerobic isolates, C. perfringens was the organism most frequently encountered.

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Microbiological Quality of Cocoa Powder, Dry Instant Chocolate Drink Mix, Dry Nondairy Coffee Creamer and Frozen Nondairy Topping Obtained at Retail Markets

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-46.8.733 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 46 (8) ◽

pp. 733-736 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

W. L. PAYNE ◽

A. P. DURAN ◽

J. M. LANIER ◽

A. H. SCHWAB ◽

R. B. READ ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Geometric Mean ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Cocoa Powder ◽

Mean Values ◽

Retail Markets ◽

Coffee Creamer

A national survey was conducted of the microbiological quality of three dry ingredients used in beverages and one frozen non-dairy topping obtained at retail markets. Geometric mean aerobic plate counts (APCs) of units examined at 35°C were as follows: 1,313 units of cocoa powder, 6,600 CFU/g; 1,552 units of dry instant chocolate drink mix, 290 CFU/g; 1,559 units of dry non-dairy coffee creamer, 37 CFU/g; and 1,532 units of frozen non-dairy topping, 34 CFU/g. At 30°C, the geometric mean APC was 34 CFU/g for frozen nondairy topping. Geometric means for most probable number determinations of coliform bacteria and Escherichia coli were <3/g for the four products. Geometric mean values for Staphylococcus aureus in three of the products were <10/g; no S. aureus was found in cocoa powder. Geometric mean values for yeasts and molds in dry instant chocolate drink mix and dry nondairy coffee creamer were 8 and 6 CFU/g, respectively.

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Microbiological quality study of Apis mellifera honey produced in the Cerrado - MT

Revista Brasileira de Pesquisa em Alimentos ◽

10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.5 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 1 (1) ◽

pp. 25

Author(s):

Dayane Aparecida dos Santos ◽

Angela Kwiatkowski ◽

Marcos Vieira da Silva ◽

Dalany Menezes ◽

Lucimar Peres de Moura Pontara

Keyword(s):

Ph Value ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Soluble Solids ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Microbiological Analysis ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Probable Number ◽

Physical And Chemical ◽

The Town

Monitoring the microbiology of honey is necessary to ensure its final quality. The microbial contamination is a danger to public health, a major concern for the surveillance agency. The objective of this study was to evaluate the microbiological quality of honey produced in the cerrado region, Mato Grosso State. The apiary was installed in the town of Conquista D'Oeste city, a total of 30 boxes of honey covered with asbestos tile and exposed to the sun. The honey was collected in November of 2008. The physical and chemical analysis were carried out: moisture, total soluble solids (TSS) and pH. Microbiological analysis were: mesophilic bacteria facultative aerobic, yeast and mold, Staphylococcus, the most probable number (MPN) of coliforms at 35ºC and 45ºC, and the presence of Salmonella sp. The methods used followed the directions of the Normative Instruction no. 62, August 23, 2003 of Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA. The pH value resulted in 3.80, SST at 81.5 and humidity at 17 %. Microbiological analysis showed no presence of Salmonella, Staphylococcus and yeast. The count of facultative aerobic bacteria was 5.0 x 101, the two groups of coliforms in NMP was <3.0, and 3.0 x 101 mold. The samples of honey studied showed appropriate microbiological quality. DOI: <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v4i1.102">http://dx.doi.org/10.14685/rebrapa.v1i1.5</a>

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Microbiological Quality of Powdered Infant Formula in Latin America

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-19-399 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 83 (3) ◽

pp. 534-541 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

JULIO PARRA-FLORES ◽

EDUARD MAURY-SINTJAGO ◽

ALEJANDRA RODRIGUEZ-FERNÁNDEZ ◽

SERGIO ACUÑA ◽

FABIOLA CERDA ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Infant Formula ◽

Protein A ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Powdered Infant Formula ◽

Probable Number ◽

Antibiotic Resistance Profile ◽

Plate Counts

ABSTRACT Cronobacter is a bacterial genus that includes seven species, and the species Cronobacter sakazakii is most related to meningitis and septicemia in infants associated with powdered infant formula (PIF). The objectives of this study were to evaluate the presence of C. sakazakii and to determine the microbiological quality of PIF for infant consumption. To do this, a total of 128 PIF samples were analyzed in four brands and countries (Chile, Mexico, Holland, and Brazil), considering three types of PIF: premature (PIF1), infant (PIF2), and follow-up (PIF3). Aerobic plate counts (APC) and Enterobacteriaceae (ENT) were assessed in accordance with Chilean official standards. The outer membrane protein A (ompA) gene was amplified to detect Cronobacter spp. and the fusA gene was amplified to identify C. sakazakii by using the PubMLST Web site and BLAST (NCBI). The antibiotic resistance profile was performed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute standards. The pathogen was quantified by the most probable number (MPN). The results showed that APC median values for PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 were 3.2, 4.9, and 4.8 log CFU g−1, respectively. The APC were higher in PIF2 (P < 0.01) from Holland (P < 0.01) in the commercial brand 4 (P < 0.01). The ENT median values in PIF1, PIF2, and PIF3 were 1.8, 1.5, and 1.7 log CFU g−1, respectively. Five strains of C. sakazakii and one strain of Cronobacter malonaticus were identified as having values between 0.023 and 2.3 MPN/g. All strains (100%) harbored the ompA, plasminogen activator (cpa), and hemolysin (hly) virulence genes. To conclude, C. sakazakii was found in four PIF samples from four Chilean products and one from Mexico, which is distributed throughout America. C. sakazakii strains exhibit virulence factors and resistance to ampicillin, thus posing a risk when PIFs are consumed by infants. HIGHLIGHTS

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A Microbial Survey of Various Fresh and Frozen Seafood Products

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x-40.5.300 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 40 (5) ◽

pp. 300-303 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

JAMES F. FOSTER ◽

JAMES L. FOWLER ◽

JOHN DACEY

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Retail Store ◽

Plate Count ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Seafood Products ◽

Aerobic Plate Count ◽

Fresh Products

The microbiological quality of four frozen and seven fresh seafood products (597 units in total) obtained from a local retail store were analyzed. Aerobic plate count means (geometric) ranged from 3.5 × 103/g to 9.3 × 104/g for the frozen products and from 7.8 × 104/g to 2.7 × 108/g for fresh products. Average (geometric) coliform Most Probable Number (MPN) values ranged from 1.0 to 7. 7/g for the frozen items and from 7.8/g to 4.8 × 103/g for the fresh seafoods. Employing the MPN method, 4.7% of the 597 units analyzed were positive for Escherichia coli. while 7.9% were positive for Staphylococcus aureus. Two percent of the samples contained Clostridium perfringens. Neither salmonellae nor Vibrio parahaemolyticus was isolated in any of the 597 units.

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Microbiological Quality of Prawns Collected from Local Markets of Dhaka Metropolis

Bangladesh Journal of Microbiology ◽

10.3329/bjm.v35i1.39798 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 13-16

Author(s):

Anindita Bhowmik ◽

Sharmistha Goswami ◽

Sunjukta Ahsan

Keyword(s):

Fecal Contamination ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Biochemical Tests ◽

Probable Number ◽

Local Markets ◽

E Coli ◽

Dilution Series ◽

Agar Media

In Bangladesh, food sold at local markets are usually not kept under hygienic conditions leading to contamination with different microorganisms and deterioration of food quality. This study was carried out to examine the microbial quality of prawns sold at local markets. Prawn samples collected from different markets were assessed for their bacteriological quality using the multiple tube fermentation technique to determine coliform count using the most probable number method in Brilliant Green Lactose Broth (BGLB) media. Positive tubes of the presumptive test were further cultured on Eosine Methylene Blue(EMB) and Mac Conkey agar media. The organisms isolated were further characterized using biochemical tests. Out of the 65 samples, 47 (72.3%) showed positive results in all 3 tubes of dilution series using inoculum quantities of 1, 0.1 and 0.01 g.Among 65 samples 57 samples that contained at least one positive in each dilution series were further re-identified with biochemical tests.This study showed 56.14%isolates were Escherichia coli which conformed to expected biochemical reactions, formed round, small,elevated colonies with pink pigmentation on Mac Conkey agar media and round, small colonies with metallic green sheen pigmentation on EMB agar media. Other bacteria which presumptively appeared to be enterics and were isolated from BGLB were identified as Klebsiellapneumoniae(29.82%),Staphylococcus aureus(8.7%), Enterobacter aeroginosa(3.5%) and Salmonellatyphimurium (1.75%).Presumptive identification of E. coli in prawn in order to determine fecal contamination was able to identify ¾ of BGLB tubes with actual occurrence of E. coli. From this study it has been found that 97.14% bacteria were sensitive to Co-Trimoxazole, compared to other antibiotics used in this test whereas only 37.14% bacteria were sensitive to nitrofurantoin. This study also highlighted the fact that prawns act as a major source of E. coli which indicates possible fecal contamination as well as presence of potentially pathogenic E. coli and these bacteria are resistant at a great percentage to almost all of these antibiotics used in this study. Prawns must therefore be cooked adequately before consumption. Bangladesh J Microbiol, Volume 35 Number 1 June 2018, pp 13-16

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MICROBIOLOGICAL QUALITY OF GOAT MILK PRODUCED ON ALAGOAS STATE, BRAZIL

Nucleus Animalium ◽

10.3738/21751463.3613 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (2) ◽

pp. 47-56

Author(s):

Erica Guedes Celestino ◽

Micheline Thaís Santos ◽

Sybelle Georgia Silva ◽

Tania Marta Carvalho dos Santos ◽

Elizabeth Simões do Amaral Alves ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Microbiological Quality ◽

Goat Milk ◽

Raw Milk ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Pasteurized Milk ◽

Total Coliforms ◽

Specific Medium

The objective of this study was to verify the microbiological quality of raw and pasteurized goat milk and produced in Alagoas state, Brazil. Was carried out three interval collect of pasteurized and raw milk and the samples taken to the laboratory. All samples were subjected to aerobic mesophilic microorganisms counting, psychrotrophic microorganisms, determination of the most probable number (MPN) of total coliforms and thermotolerant microorganisms. For analysis, samples were plated on specific medium (Baird-Parker Agar Base himedia M043) and incubated at 37 °C for 24h. To Salmonella sp. detection was used plating the medium Salmonella Shigella agar. The presence of coliforms at 35 °C was detected in all samples as well as 45 °C except to first sample. To the pasteurized milk was found to coliforms at 35 °C and 45 °C in the second and third samples. Only in the second test was checked the presence of mesofilic bacteria. We have not found samples contaminated with microorganisms psychrotrophic, Salmonella sp. and Staphylococcus sp. According to the obtained results the quality of collected milk has unacceptable conditions of consumption compared to coliform counts, according to the parameters established by law.

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Microbiological quality of drinking water of urban and rural communities, Brazil

Revista de Saúde Pública ◽

10.1590/s0034-89102003000200011 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 37 (2) ◽

pp. 232-236 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Giovani Nogueira ◽

Celso V Nakamura ◽

Maria CB Tognim ◽

Benício A Abreu Filho ◽

Benedito P Dias Filho

Keyword(s):

Rural Communities ◽

Water Temperature ◽

Water Samples ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Coliform Bacteria ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Probable Number ◽

Treated Water ◽

Untreated Water

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the microbiological quality of treated and untreated water samples came from urban and rural communities and to examine the relationship between coliforms occurrence and average water temperature, and a comparison of the rainfall levels. METHODS: A sample of 3,073 untreated and treated (chlorinated) water from taps (1,594), reservoir used to store treated water (1,033), spring water (96) and private well (350) collected for routine testing between 1996 and 1999 was analyzed by the multiple dilution tube methods used to detect the most probable number of total and fecal coliforms. These samples were obtained in the region of Maringá, state of Paraná, Brazil. RESULTS: The highest numbers water samples contaminated by TC (83%) and FC (48%) were found in the untreated water. TC and FC in samples taken from reservoirs used to store treated water was higher than that from taps midway along distribution lines. Among the treated water samples examined, coliform bacteria were found in 171 of the 1,033 sampling reservoirs. CONCLUSIONS: Insufficient treatment or regrowth is suggested by the observation that more than 17% of these treated potable water contained coliform. TC and FC positive samples appear to be similar and seasonally influenced in treated water. Two different periods must be considered for the occurrence of both TC and FC positive samples: (i) a warm-weather period (September-March) with high percentage of contaminated samples; and (ii) cold-weather period (April-August) were they are lower. Both TC and TF positive samples declined with the decreased of water temperature.

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Microbiological Quality of Seafood Marketed in Taiwan

Journal of Food Protection ◽

10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-15-152 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 78 (11) ◽

pp. 1973-1979 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

HIN-CHUNG WONG ◽

HUAI-YU JIANG ◽

HSU-YANG LIN ◽

YU-TING WANG

Keyword(s):

Vibrio Parahaemolyticus ◽

Microbiological Quality ◽

Vibrio Species ◽

Most Probable Number ◽

Foodborne Illnesses ◽

Probable Number ◽

Common Pathogen ◽

Taipei City

Seafood is often associated with foodborne illnesses, and Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the most common pathogen implicated in outbreaks in Taiwan. In this study, the microbiological quality of 300 raw or mixed ready-to-eat (RTE) and other cooking-needed seafood samples was examined. The total aerobic and coliform counts of the RTE samples were significantly higher than those of other cooking-needed samples. On average, 55.8 and 29.7% of the RTE samples failed to meet the local microbiological standards for total aerobic (5 log CFU/g) and coliform (3 log most probable number [MPN] per g), counts respectively; the corresponding percentages for the RTE samples from Taipei City were 9.1 and 18.2%, respectively. The total aerobic and coliform counts in the RTE samples from supermarkets and chain restaurants were significantly lower than those from traditional restaurants. The Vibrio species were more frequently identified in the cooking-needed samples than in RTE samples. Low incidences of V. parahaemolyticus (1.4%), V. vulnificus (1.9%), and V. cholerae (0%) were detected in most RTE samples. High densities of V. parahaemolyticus and V. vulnificus (1,200 MPN/g) were detected in a few RTE samples, only one of which contained toxigenic (tdh+) V. parahaemolyticus. The results of this investigation reveal that better hygiene of seafood providers such as chain restaurants, supermarkets, and traditional restaurants in Taipei City would effectively improve the microbiological quality of the seafood. The results will facilitate the establishment of measures for controlling the risks associated with seafood in Taiwan.

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