A POTATO TUBERS TREATMENT INFLUENCE ON PHYTOSANITARY STATE OF POTATO PLANTINGS AND YIELD

Author(s):  
М. N. Zakharova ◽  
L. V. Rozhkova

According to ISA - a branch of the FSBNU FNAC VIM in the conditions of the region from weed vegetation, pathogens of fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, a complex of soil-killing and terrestrial pests the loss of potato harvest is 30-40%. In 2019-2020 the preparations for the treatment of Gala tubers variety were tested on the V.I. Lenin collective farm in the Kasimovskiy district (Ryazan region) in accordance with the following scheme: 1. Tabu Super, VSK – 0.5 l/t + Maxim, KS – 0.4 l/t; 2. Tabu Super, VSK – 0.5 l/t + Sinclair, SC – 0.2 l/t; 3. Prestige, KS – 1.0 l/t + Regent, VDG – 0.08 kg/t + Aktara,VDG – 0.1 kg/t + Maxim, KS – 0.4 l/t. 4. Quadris, SK – 0.4 l/t + Regent, VDG – 0.08 kg/t (economic option). The area of cultivated plot is 10 hectares, the accounting area is 10 m2 and the four-time replication. The soil of the site is sod-podzolic-gley sandy loam, humus content is 0.9%, potassium – content is medium, phosphorous content is low, pH level – 5.1, the predecessor was winter wheat. As a result of field tests of fungicides and insecticides used for pre-planting treatment of potato tubers, it was found that in the region the tested drugs effectively protected the crop plants from risoctoniasis and damage to the Colorado beetle. The use of the drugs studied contributed to a high yield of potato tubers 55.5 - 60.0 tons/ha and high - above 89% output of standard tubers.

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (94) ◽  
pp. 55-61
Author(s):  
R.O. Myalkovsky

Goal. The purpose of the research was to determine the influence of meteorological factors on potato yield in the conditions of the Right Bank Forest-steppe of Ukraine. Methods.Field, analytical and statistical. Results.It was established that among the mid-range varieties Divo stands out with a yield of 42.3 t/ha, Malin white – 39.8 t/ha, and Legend – 37.1 t/ ha. The most favourable weather and climatic conditions for the production of potato tubers were for the Divo 2011 variety with a yield of 45.9 t/ha and 2013 – 45.1 t/ha. For the Legenda variety 2016, the yield of potato tubers is 40.6 t/ha and 2017 – 43.2 t/ha. Malin White 2013 is 41.4 t/ha and 2017 42.1 t/ha. The average varieties of potatoes showed a slightly lower yield on average over the years of research. However, among the varieties is allocated Nadiyna – 40.3 t/ha, Slovyanka – 37.2 t/ ha and Vera 33.8 t/ha. Among the years, the most high-yielding for the Vera variety was 2016 with a yield of 36.6 t/ha and 2017 year – 37.8 t/ha. Varieties Slovyanka and Nadiyna 2011 and 2012 with yields of 42.6 and 44.3 t/ha and 46.5 and 45.3 t/ha, respectively. Characterizing the yield of potato tubers of medium-late varieties over the years of research, there was a decrease in this indicator compared with medium-early and middle-aged varieties. However, the high yield of the varieties of Dar is allocated – 40.0 t/ha, Alladin – 33.6 t/ha and Oxamit 31.3 t/ha. Among the years, the most favourable ones were: for Oxamit and Alladin – 2011 – 33.5 and 36.5 t/ha, and 2017 – 34.1 and 36.4 t/ha, respectively. Favourable years for harvesting varieties were 2011 and 2012 with yields of 45.7 and 45.8 t/ha. Thus, the highest yield of potato tubers on average over the years of studies of medium-early varieties of 41.2-43.3 t / ha were provided by weather conditions of 2011 and 2017 years, medium-ripe varieties 41.0-41.1 - 2012 and 2011, medium- late 37,6-38,5 t / ha - 2012 and 2011, respectively.


1987 ◽  
Vol 108 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. C. Sharma ◽  
B. R. Arora

SummarySix field experiments, three each during 1982–3 and 1983–4, were conducted on a sandy loam soil to study the effect of varying levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, in the absence and presence of farmyard manure (FYM) (30 t/ha), on the number of tubers and yield of potato in three grades. Increase in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium application, in the absence or presence of FYM, did not significantly affect the total number of tubers/m2 but did affect the number of tubers in different grades. An increase in nitrogen and potassium significantly decreased the number of tubers/m2 in small (< 25 g) and increased in medium (25–75 g) and large (> 75 g) grades at 45, 60, 75 and 90 days after planting. Increase in the application of phosphorus increased the number of tubers/m2 in the small grade and decreased it in the large grade but did not affect the number in the medium grade. Increase in nitrogen and potassium application decreased the tuber yield in the small grade and increased it in the medium and large grades. Applied phosphorus increased the yield in the small and medium grades and decreased it in the large grade. The increase in the yield of tubers with increase in nitrogen and potassium application was found to be caused by an increase in the number of tubers in the medium and large grades at the expense of the small grade; however, with applied phosphorus the increase in yield was due to increase in the weight of individual tubers within the small and medium grades. FYM application decreased the number of tubers in the small grade and increased it in the medium and large grades. The response of potato to nitrogen increased and to phosphorus and potassium decreased with the application of FYM.


Author(s):  
А.V. Polykov ◽  
T.V. Alekseeva

Цель исследования усовершенствование способа обогащения растений чеснока селеном до уровня суточной нормы потребления путем обработки вегетирующих растений растворами селенитов натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно-активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом. Исследования проведены во ВНИИО филиале ФГБНУ ФНЦО, в условиях открытого грунта в 20162018 годах, на супесчаной почве, содержание гумуса в которой составляло 3,413,44, рНKCl 6,7, степень обеспеченности питательными веществами: фосфором высокая (содержание P2O5 в слое 020 см составляло 22,7824,62 мг (по Чирикову) калием низкая, содержание К2О в слое 20 см 10,3817,88 мг (по Масловой). Для улучшения минерального питания растений осенью под основную обработку в почву вносили калий хлористый в дозе 50 г/м2, в период вегетации проводили подкормки растений: первую, в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев аммиачной селитрой 30 г/м2, вторую, через две недели после первой сульфатом калия 50 г/м2. Погодные условия в течение периода исследований были благоприятны для выращивания чеснока. Поливы проводили по мере подсыхания верхнего слоя почвы. Исследования проведены на чесноке озимом сорта Гладиатор. Схема опытов предполагала предпосадочное замачивание зубков в течение 30 мин. и последующую двукратную обработку вегетирующих растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами (1) и диметилсульфоксидом (1): первый раз в фазе начала интенсивного роста листьев и второй через три недели. Установлено, что некорневая обработка растений селенитом натрия была в 2,3 раза, а селенитом калия в 5,8 раза эффективнее, чем корневая. Сделан вывод о том, что луковицы чеснока, полученные, в результате некорневой обработки растений 0,1-ным раствором селенита натрия и калия в сочетании с поверхностно активными веществами и диметилсульфоксидом содержат в 145,3169,8 раза больше селена, чем контроль, что позволяет получить зубки, содержащие селен в концентрации 6,837,98 мг/кг. Суточная норма потребления чеснока составляет примерно 10 г, средняя потребность в селене составляет от 30 до 70 мкг. Учитывая, что содержание селена в обогащенной продукции составит 68,3 79,8 мкг/10 г чеснока предложенный способ обогащения позволяет в полной мере удовлетворить суточную потребность организма человека в этом микроэлементе.The aim of investigation was to improve the method of enrichment of garlic plants with selenium to the level of daily consumption rate by treatment of vegetative plants with solutions of sodium and potassium selenites in combination with surfactants. The investigations were carried out at ARRIVG branch of FSCVG, in open ground in 20162018, on sandy loam soil with humus content of 3.413.44, pHKCl 6.7, content of phosphorus (P2O5) in the layer 020 cm was 22.7824.62 mg (Chirikov) content of potassium (K2O) 10.3817.88 mg (Maslova). To improve mineral nutrition of plants fall under the basic treatment in the soil was added potassium chloride at a dose of 50 g/m2 during the growing season were plant nutrition: first, in the early phase of intensive growth of leaves ammonium nitrate 30 g/m2, the second, two weeks after the first potassium sulphate and 50 g/m2. Weather conditions during the period of growth were favorable for growing garlic. Watering was carried out at the periods where the top layer of soil was dried. Studies were carried out on variety Gladiator of winter garlic. The experimental design included soaking the cloves for 30 minutes before planting, and subsequent double treatment of vegetating plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium selenite in combination with surfactants (1) and dimethyl sulfoxide (1): the first time in the phase of the beginning of intense leaf growth and the second time after 3 weeks. As a result of the investigations it was found that non-root treatment of plants with solutions containing selenium was more effective than root treatment. Non-root top dressing with sodium selenite was in 2.3 times, and potassium selenite in 5.8 times more effective than root. It is concluded that garlic bulbs obtained as a result of non-root treatment of plants with 0.1 solution of sodium and potassium Selenite in combination with surfactants and dimethylsulfoxide contain 145.3169.8 times more selenium than control, which allows to obtain teeth containing selenium in a concentration of 6.837.98 mg/kg. The daily consumption rate of garlic is approximately 10 g, the average need for selenium element is from 30 to 70 micrograms. Because of content of selenium in enriched products consisted of 68.3-79.8 mcg/10 g of garlic, the proposed method of enrichment allows to fully satisfy the daily need of the human body at this microelement.


Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 3855
Author(s):  
Basheer Aaliya ◽  
Kappat Valiyapeediyekkal Sunooj ◽  
Chillapalli Babu Sri Rajkumar ◽  
Muhammed Navaf ◽  
Plachikkattu Parambil Akhila ◽  
...  

Talipot starch, a non-conventional starch source with a high yield (76%) from the stem pith of talipot palm (Corypha umbraculifera L.) was subjected to three different thermal treatments (dry-heat, heat-moisture and autoclave treatments) prior to phosphorylation. Upon dual modification of starch with thermal treatments and phosphorylation, the phosphorous content and degree of crosslinking significantly increased (p ≤ 0.05) and was confirmed by the increased peak intensity of P=O and P–O–C stretching vibrations compared to phosphorylated talipot starch in the FT-IR spectrum. The highest degree of crosslinking (0.00418) was observed in the autoclave pretreated phosphorylated talipot starch sample. Thermal pretreatment remarkably changed the granule morphology by creating fissures and grooves. The amylose content and relative crystallinity of all phosphorylated talipot starches significantly decreased (p ≤ 0.05) due to crosslinking by the formation of phosphodiester bonds, reducing the swelling power of dual-modified starches. Among all modified starches, dry-heat pretreated phosphorylated starch gel showed an improved light transmittance value of 28.4%, indicating reduced retrogradation tendency. Pasting and rheological properties represented that the thermal pretreated phosphorylated starch formed stronger gels that improved thermal and shear resistance. Autoclave treatment before phosphorylation of talipot starch showed the highest resistant starch content of 48.08%.


AGROFOR ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
S.F. EL-SAYED ◽  
A.A. GAHRIB ◽  
Rasha R. EID

This investigation was carried out during the two summer seasons of 2015 and2016 in sandy soil on potato culitvar "Sante" to study the effect of using 100%compost (15 t/fed.) and 50% compost + nitrogen fixing bacteria (Azotobacter, andPseudomonas alone or together) on potato yield and quality as compared to theconventional mineral fertilization (120-75-150 kg/fed. NPK + 5 toncompost/fed.(control)). No significant differences in tubers yield/fed. were detectedbetween mineral fertilization (control) and using 100% compost (15t/fed).However, control treatment significantly produced a high yield per feddan,more than using 50% compost + any biofertilizer treatment.Using composttreatment at 15 t/fed.execeed all biofertilizer treatments in marketable yield in bothseasons, but without significant differences as compared with mineral fertilization(control).No significant differences in tuber dray matter and content of starch intuber were found between using compost treatment at 15 ton/fed. and mineralfertilization treatment (control)in both seasons. Nevertheless, application of 50%compost+ 4 applications of Azotobacter and Pseudomonas had the highest tuberconcentrations of starch and nitrogen with significant differences as compared withthe mineral fertilization.Using50% compost + 4 applications of Azotobacter orPseudomonas or both (Azotobacter + Pseudomonas )and application of 100%compost caused producing potato tubers with the lowest concentration of nitratewith significant differences as compared with the mineral fertilization. Nosignificant differences were detected between mineral and organic fertilizersconcerning P and K concentrations in tubers.


2022 ◽  
Vol 51 (6) ◽  
pp. 5-10
Author(s):  
P. N. Brazhnikov ◽  
A. B. Sainakova ◽  
O. V. Litvinchuk

The results of studying the elements of the technology of cultivation of a new variety of winter rye Sudarushka are presented. The research took place in 2019, 2020 in the sub-taiga zone of the Tomsk region. The impact of soil cultivation methods as well as the impact of humic fertiliser from peat Gumostim on the yield of winter rye Sudarushka is evaluated. The soils of the experimental plot are acidic (pH 4.3) soddy-podzolic loamy sandy loam. The arable horizon has a low humus content (1.5%), a low (0.2 mg/100g) content of nitrate nitrogen, a medium content of mobile phosphorus (19.2) and exchangeable potassium (7.1) and a high (11.0 mg/100g) content of mobile aluminium. The scheme of the experiment included four variants of cultivation: ploughing of fallow lands with PlN-4-35 + cultivation KPN-4,2, sowing without packing and with packing; disking with BDMK-2,8 + cultivation KPN-4,2, sowing without packing and with packing. Treatment with humic fertilizer from peat Gumostim at a concentration of 0.001% was carried out during the growing season in the beginning phase of the leaf-tube formation. The average yield of winter rye in the variety Sudarushka during the years of research was 4.66 t/ha in the variant with disking, subsequent cultivation before sowing and further sowing with packing, which is 0.34 t/ha higher than with the traditional method of soil cultivation. The application of humic fertilizer from peat Gumostim on cold sod-podzolic soils enabled the average yield of winter rye to be 4.31 t/ha y, which is 0.39 t/ha higher than without the fertilizer.


Author(s):  
Grigoriy Leonidovich Belov ◽  
Vladimir Nikolaevich Zeyruk ◽  
Vladimir Anatolyevich Barkov ◽  
Marina Konstantinovna Derevyagina ◽  
Svetlana Viktorovna Vasilieva

In field experiments in the conditions of sod-podzolic sandy loam soils of the Moscow region, protectants were tested. Before planting potatoes, tubers were treated with a new two-component insectofungicide AVG – 0190 (Idikum, SC, iprodion, 133 g/l + Imidacloprid, 100 g/l + diphenoconazole, 6.7 g/l)-1.0 – 1.5 l/t and a mixture of the fungicide Syncler, SC (75 g/l fludioxonyl) and the insecticide Tabu Super, SC (Imidacloprid, 400 g/l and fipronil, 100 g/l)-0.2-0.3 l/t. According to the results of three-year tests, it was found that the etching of potato tubers before planting does not have a negative impact on the germination and biometric indicators of growth and development of potatoes. Their use helped to reduce the development and spread of rhizoctoniosis and provided almost complete protection of potatoes from the first generation of the Colorado beetle – during the mass appearance of older larvae and during the beginning of the departure of larvae for pupation. Biological efficacy against Rhizoctonia amounted to 58.8-66,3%, the Colorado potato beetle – 93,7 95.5 per cent. The use of new potato tuber protectants allowed to increase the gross yield by 6.2-7.1 t / ha or 30.9-35.3% compared to the control. Treatment of seed tubers with protectants helped to obtain a crop free from rhizoctoniosis and increase the yield of standard healthy potatoes by 57.7


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3.32) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Zhylkybaev Oral ◽  
Alimzhanova Mereke ◽  
Ashimuly Kazhybek ◽  
Shoinbekova Sabina ◽  
Tukenova Zulfia

Synthesis of new potential plant growth regulators (analogues of natural phytohormones) is accomplished by mixing an equimolar mixture of aryloxypropin and 1-methylpiperidin-4-one under the conditions of Favorsky's reactions. New derivatives of acetylene aminoalcohols - the ZhOT series - have been obtained. The structure of the synthesized compounds was established by IR and NMR 1H spectroscopy. Screening of their water-soluble forms, on wheat and barley seeds, two preparations (ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7) were selected, which exceed both the control and standards of known phytohormones, such as heteroauxin (indolyl-3-acetic acid), 6-BAP (6-benzylaminopurine) for further testing. Conducted in-depth laboratory and demonstration field tests on cereals (wheat and barley) showed high efficiency of ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7, the indicators of which exceeded the well-known reference preparation - Agrostimulin (Ukraine). The growth regulating activity of synthesized compounds was determined. Processing of wheat seeds ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 increased the field germination of seeds, plant height, leaf area, the mass of the aerial part and the total area. The conducted studies showed that the biological activity of the tested compounds largely depends on the concentration and the best growth regulator is ZhOT-4. The activity of the synthesized growth regulatory compounds has been determined. Treatment of seeds of with ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 increased seed germination, height of plants, leave areas, weight of an elevated part and the total area, weight of an elevated part and the total area. Studies have shown that the biological activity of tested compounds is largely dependent on the concentration and the best growth regulator is ZhОТ-4. Thus, the advanced laboratory and demonstration (small-scale) comparative tests of ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 and the well-known reference preparation "Agrostimulin" (Ukraine) for cereals (wheat and barley) showed high efficiency of new synthesized preparations. The use of ZhOT preparations increases the germination and germination energy, the number of spikelets, the mass of grains, the bushiness and the yield of wheat and barley, leads to the accumulation of dry mass in both the ground and underground parts of plants. The advantages of ZhOT-4 and ZhOT-7 are: high efficiency, a wide range of cultures, good solubility in water, low application dose of 0.0001% by active ingredient (1g per 1t of water) or 13-50 mg per hectare, comparable to natural phytohormones, long shelf life, safety, high yield of target products, sequential 3-stage reaction in one reactor. 


1944 ◽  
Vol 22c (4) ◽  
pp. 162-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. B. Sanford ◽  
J. G. Grimble

The results of field tests with random lots of potato tubers showing phloem necrosis of similar type are summarized. The vines from tubers of five of these developed typical leaf-roll symptoms, but those of three others showed no sign of leaf roll, or other symptoms that suggested a virus as the causal agent. The net necrosis in one of the latter samples was known to result from vine infestation of Paratrioza cockerelli Sulc, and in this case the stock returned to full vigour during the second season. It was further confirmed that once the vines show definite symptoms of leaf roll, the phloem elements of their tubers henceforth do not exhibit necrosis.The tissue contiguous to the necrotic phloem elements in the affected tubers was uniformly fluorescent, but the unaffected portion of such tubers, as well as non-necrotic tubers from positive leaf-roll plants, reacted negatively to ultraviolet light.


Weed Science ◽  
1975 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 473-477 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. A. Buchanan ◽  
C. S. Hoveland ◽  
M. C. Harris

Ten warm-season and six cool-season weed species were grown in the glasshouse on Hartsells fine sandy loam soil and Lucedale sandy loam soil at pH levels from 4.7 to 6.3. Growth of species varied widely in response to soil pH as measured by herbage yield. Showy crotalaria (Crotalaria spectabilis Roth), coffee senna (Cassia occidentalis L.), and large crabgrass (Digitaria sanguinalis (L.) Scop.] were highly tolerant to low pH soils. Sicklepod (Cassia obtusifolia L.), annual bluegrass (Poa annua L.), Carolina geranium (Geranium carolinianum L.), and buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), were medium to high in tolerance. Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium L.), tall morningglory [Ipomoea purpurea (L.) Roth], crowfootgrass [Dactyloctenium aegyptium (L.) Richter], and prickly sida (Sida spinosa L.) were medium to low in tolerance to low soil pH. Growth of Florida beggarweed [Desmodium tortuosum (Sw.) DC], redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), chickweed [Stellaria media (L.) Cyrillo], common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale (Weber), and wild mustard [Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler] was severely reduced in soils with low pH.


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