scholarly journals Effects of different circuit training protocols on body mass, fat mass and blood parameters in overweight adults

2017 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Contrò ◽  
Antonino Bianco ◽  
Jill Cooper ◽  
Alessia Sacco ◽  
Alessandra Macchiarella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Circuit Training ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Training Protocols

Benefits of exercise are known for a long time, but mechanisms underlying the exercise mode recommendations for specific chronic cardiovascular diseases remain unclear. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of different circuit training protocols in order to determine which is the best for weight loss and for specific overweight- related disorders. Forty-five female sedentary overweight participants from 20 to 50 years (average 31.8±11.2) were enrolled and assigned to three different groups; each group was compared with a control normal-weight group. Three different circuit protocols were randomly assigned to each overweight group: aerobictone- aerobic (ATA), aerobic-circuit-aerobic (ACA) and mini-trampoline circuit (MTC), while control group performed a classic circuit weight training (CWT). Every group trained three times per week, for 12 weeks. The results show that ATA group reduced body fat and total body mass more than other groups (P<0.001; P=0.007). ACA group reduced total body mass in significant statistical way (P=0.032), as well as body fat (P<0.001) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (P=0.013). In MTC group there was a significant reduction in every parameter we analyzed (total body mass, body fat and lipid profile: P<0.001). CWT group has shown a significant loss only in body fat (P<0.001). Every circuit protocol is optimal for reducing body fat and total body mass: however, MTC protocol has shown the best results on lipid profile.

scholarly journals Body composition analysis in female ballet dancers

2003 ◽  
Vol 56 (11-12) ◽  
pp. 579-583 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bojan Mihajlovic ◽  
Sasa Mijatov ◽  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Edita Stokic
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Fat Mass ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Composition Analysis ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Body Fat Mass ◽  
Ballet Dancers

Introduction The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the nutritional status and body composition in female ballet dancers and a group of non-athletic female controls. Materials and methods The study group consisted of 30 female ballet dancers, aged 17.4?2.01, whereas the control group included 30 non-athletic female examinees, aged 18.00 years on average. Height and weight were measured and body mass index (BMI) was calculated in all subjects. Body composition was estimated using the bioelectrical impedance method. Results Body composition analysis of ballet dancers revealed significantly lower values of body fat mass compared to the control group (18.85?4.50% vs. 23.41?4.34). Most examinees in both groups were of normal weight. 50% of ballet dancers and 23.33% of examinees in the control group were underweight, while overweight subjects were registered only in the control group. Most underweight ballet dancers had lower body fat mass, whereas majority of underweight examinees in the control group presented with normal body fat mass. Normal-weight obesity was established in 40.91% candidates in the control and 6.67% in the study group. Conclusion Ballet dancers had significantly lower values of body mass and BMI, compared to the study group. In order to prevent very serious complications caused by changes in size and proportion of some body compartments, it is necessary to carry out assessment of body composition more often in high-risk groups, such as the study group of ballet dancers.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Body Composition and Parameters of the Cardiovascular Risk in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Jednacz ◽  
Lidia Rutkowska-Sak
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Body Fat Percentage ◽  
Fat Percentage

The study was aimed to evaluate cardiovascular risk parameters, body mass index (BMI) centiles for sex and age, and body fat percentage using the electric bioimpedance method in children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA). 30 children with JIA participated in the study. A control group included 20 children. Patients were well matched for the age and sex. The body mass and body fat percentage were determined using the segmental body composition analyser; the BMI centiles were determined. All patients had the following parameters determined: lipid profile, hsCRP, homocysteine, and IL-6. The intima media thickness (IMT) was measured. Patients with JIA had significantly lower body weight, BMI, and the BMI centile compared to the control group. The IL-6 levels were significantly higher in patients with JIA compared to the control group. There were no differences between two groups with regard to the lipid profile, % content of the fat tissue, homocysteine levels, hsCRP, and IMT. Further studies are necessary to search for reasons for lower BMI and BMI centile in children with JIA and to attempt to answer the question of whether lower BMI increases the cardiovascular risk in these patients, similarly as in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

scholarly journals Body fat mass in normal weight subjects

2002 ◽  
Vol 55 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 407-411 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edita Stokic ◽  
Biljana Srdic ◽  
Andrea Peter ◽  
Tatjana Ivkovic-Lazar
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Optimal Parameter ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Sarcopenic Obesity ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Novi Sad

Obesity is characterized by excessive body fat accumulation which may lead to serious health problems and complications. Body mass index is the most optimal parameter to evaluate the level of nutritional status and diagnose obesity. However, modern techniques studying body composition can more accurately determine whether the gain of body weight was on the account of body fat, lean body mass or total body water. If one's body mass index is in the range of normal values but the amount of body fat is above normal range, we talk about sarcopenic obesity. In order to evaluate presence of sarcopenic obesity, a group of 140 normal weight students of the Faculty of Medicine in Novi Sad were measured. Apart from standard anthropometrical parameters the amount of body fat was also determined by using the method of bioelectrical impedance analysis. Sarcopenic obesity was diagnosed in 25.71% of examined students. By using body mass index values this type of obesity cannot be diagnosed, and knowing that a higher amount of body fat in normal weight persons can lead to complications, especially metabolic, it is of great importance to evaluate the amount of body fat accurately.

scholarly journals Relationship between physical activity and some parameters of nutritional state in adolescence

2009 ◽  
Vol 137 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 58-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milos Maksimovic ◽  
Gordana Ristic ◽  
Jadranka Maksimovic ◽  
Dusan Backovic ◽  
Sladjana Vukovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Physical Activities ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Skin Fold ◽  
Total Body Fat ◽  
Total Body

Introduction. In the last two decades, an increase in obesity along with a number of co-morbidities has been recorded among children and adolescents. Objective. The aim was to investigate if there was a difference in nutritional status between adolescents who were active sportsmen and those who did not engage in sport activities other than regular physical activities at school and if active training could be an independent factor in the prevention of obesity. Methods. There were 117 male adolescents on average aged 15.4?1.8 years. The subjects were divided into two groups; 32 active sportsmen engaged in regular training in football and a control group consisting of 85 adolescents engaged in no physical activity except for that at school (two hours per week). In all subjects Body Mass Index (BMI) was determined. The percentage of the total body fat was estimated from the sum of values of skin fold thickness measured at four sites (according to Durnin and Womersley). Lean Body Mass (LBM) was estimated by deducting the triceps skin fold from the upper arm circumference and comparing it to the norms. All collected data were analyzed by descriptive and analytical statistical methods: ?2-test, t-test. Results. Adolescent sportsmen showed a statistically significantly lower BMI and percentage of total body fat than the adolescents in the control group (p<0.01). A significantly higher LBM was found in the sportsmen (p<0.01). Conclusion. Active participation in sports can be a contributing factor in the prevention of obesity, and it is therefore recommended to combine regular physical activities with an adequate diet. BMI screening of general population can indicate a high number of children and adolescents at risk for obesity or who are already obese.

Pharmacologic Considerations for the Obese Patient

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joy L. Chen ◽  
Taylor J. Pak ◽  
Tiffany S. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
Neuromuscular Blocking ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Lipid Solubility ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Reversal Agents ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Volumes Of Distribution

Obese patients gain lean and mass in different proportions to total body mass. This results in different volumes of distribution (Vd) for medications according to their lipid solubility compared to that of normal weight patients. High body mass index (BMI) patients are at increased risk of medical comorbidities that may affect drug metabolism and clearance. Anesthesiologists should factor in these differences in order to prevent erroneous medication dosing. This review contains 1 figure, 1 table, and 61 references. Keywords: obesity, induction agents, analgesics, inhaled anesthetics, neuromuscular blocking agents, reversal agents, local anesthetics, pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics

scholarly journals Resting IL-6 and TNF-α Level in Children of Different Weight and Fitness Status

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-247 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter A. Hosick ◽  
Robert G. McMurray ◽  
A.C. Hackney ◽  
Claudio L. Battaglini ◽  
Terry P. Combs ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Fat Free Mass ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Α Level ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Overweight Subjects

Reports suggest children with high aerobic fitness (VO2max; mL/kg/min) have healthier profiles of TNF-α and IL-6; however, research has not accounted for differences in adiposity between high-fit and low-fit individuals. Thus, this study examined differences in inflammatory markers of obese and normal weight children of different fitness levels, using two different VO2max units: per unit of fat free mass (VO2FFM) or total body mass (VO2kg). Children (n = 124; ages 8–12) were divided into four matched groups; normal weight high-fit (NH), normal weight low-fit (NL), obese high-fit (OH), and obese low-fit (OL). Height, weight, skinfolds, body mass index (BMI), and predicted VO2max were measured and a morning, fasting blood sample taken. IL-6 was elevated in the NL and OL groups compared with the NH group, as well as the OL group compared with the OH group. No differences were found in TNF-α. The relationship between IL-6 or TNF-α and the two units of predicted VO2max did not differ suggesting that either VO2FFM or VO2kg can be used to describe aerobic power when studying inflammation and exercise in youth. The relationship between IL-6 or TNF-α and predicted VO2max, whether expressed per mass or per fat-free mass was similar, suggesting that both can be used to describe aerobic power when studying inflammation and exercise in youth. Given the polar design of this study, this relationship should be confirmed including overweight subjects.

scholarly journals A comparison of thermoregulatory responses to exercise between mass-matched groups with large differences in body fat

2016 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 615-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheila Dervis ◽  
Geoff B. Coombs ◽  
Georgia K. Chaseling ◽  
Davide Filingeri ◽  
Jovana Smoljanic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lean Body Mass ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Total Body Mass ◽  
Percentage Body Fat ◽  
Thermoregulatory Responses ◽  
Local Sweat Rate ◽  
Total Body

We sought to determine 1) the influence of adiposity on thermoregulatory responses independently of the confounding biophysical factors of body mass and metabolic heat production (Hprod); and 2) whether differences in adiposity should be accounted for by prescribing an exercise intensity eliciting a fixed Hprod per kilogram of lean body mass (LBM). Nine low (LO-BF) and nine high (HI-BF) body fat males matched in pairs for total body mass (TBM; LO-BF: 88.7 ± 8.4 kg, HI-BF: 90.1 ± 7.9 kg; P = 0.72), but with distinctly different percentage body fat (%BF; LO-BF: 10.8 ± 3.6%; HI-BF: 32.0 ± 5.6%; P < 0.001), cycled for 60 min at 28.1 ± 0.2°C, 26 ± 8% relative humidity (RH), at a target Hprod of 1) 550 W (FHP trial) and 2) 7.5 W/kg LBM (LBM trial). Changes in rectal temperature (ΔTre) and local sweat rate (LSR) were measured continuously while whole body sweat loss (WBSL) and net heat loss (Hloss) were estimated over 60 min. In the FHP trial, ΔTre (LO-BF: 0.66 ± 0.21°C, HI-BF: 0.87 ± 0.18°C; P = 0.02) was greater in HI-BF, whereas mean LSR (LO-BF 0.52 ± 0.19, HI-BF 0.43 ± 0.15 mg·cm−2·min−1; P = 0.19), WBSL (LO-BF 586 ± 82 ml, HI-BF 559 ± 75 ml; P = 0.47) and Hloss (LO-BF 1,867 ± 208 kJ, HI-BF 1,826 ± 224 kJ; P = 0.69) were all similar. In the LBM trial, ΔTre (LO-BF 0.82 ± 0.18°C, HI-BF 0.54 ± 0.19°C; P < 0.001), mean LSR (LO-BF 0.59 ± 0.20, HI-BF 0.38 ± 0.12 mg·cm−2·min−1; P = 0.04), WBSL (LO-BF 580 ± 106 ml, HI-BF 381 ± 68 ml; P < 0.001), and Hloss (LO-BF 1,884 ± 277 kJ, HI-BF 1,341 ± 184 kJ; P < 0.001) were all greater at end-exercise in LO-BF. In conclusion, high %BF individuals demonstrate a greater ΔTre independently of differences in mass and Hprod, possibly due to a lower mean specific heat capacity or impaired sudomotor control. However, thermoregulatory responses of groups with different adiposity levels should not be compared using a fixed Hprod in watts per kilogram lean body mass.

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