scholarly journals Exercise improves long-term social and behavioral rhythms in older adults: Did it play a role during the COVID-19 lockdown?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giulia Cossu ◽  
Cesar Ivan Abbile Gonzalez ◽  
Luigi Minerba ◽  
Roberto Demontis ◽  
Massimiliano Pau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Behavioral Rhythms

The study aimed to verify whether exercise training in older adults can improve social behavioral rhythms (SBR) and if any modification is maintained over time. Older adults (n=120) from a previous randomized controlled trial, were randomly allocated to either a moderate-intensity exercise group or a control group. SBR was evaluated at t0, t26, and t48 weeks (during the COVID-19 lockdown), using the brief social rhythms scale (BSRS). Seventy-nine participants completed the follow-up (age 72.3±4.7, women 55.3%). An improvement in the BSRS score was found in the exercise group at 26 weeks (p=0.035) when the exercise program was concluded, and it was maintained at 48 weeks (p=0.013). No improvements were observed in the control group. To conclude, SBR, previously found as a resilience factor in older adults during COVID-19, appear to improve after a moderate 12 weeks exercise program, and the improvement persisted even after stopping exercise during the COVID-19 lockdown.

scholarly journals Body mass index and physical activity in seven-year-old children whose mothers exercised during pregnancy: follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Alterhaug Bjøntegaard ◽  
Signe Nilssen Stafne ◽  
Siv Mørkved ◽  
Kjell Åsmund Salvesen ◽  
Kari Anne I. Evensen
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Randomised Controlled ◽  
Exercise During Pregnancy

Abstract Background There are limited data on long-term outcomes of children whose mothers have followed exercise interventions during pregnancy. The aim of this paper was to investigate whether regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy affected the children’s body mass index (BMI) and physical activity (PA) at 7 years of age, and determine the relationship between children’s and mothers’ BMI and PA. Methods This was a follow-up of a multicentre randomised controlled trial, carried out at St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, and Stavanger University Hospital, Norway (2007–2009 and 2014–2016). Women were randomised to follow a 12-week structured exercise protocol or standard antenatal care during pregnancy. At the 7-year follow-up, parents reported their child’s height, weight, and PA. The mothers also reported their own weight and PA. Main outcome variables were BMI, frequency and duration of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA), and intensity of PA. Results A total of 855 women were randomised to exercise (n = 429) or standard antenatal care (n = 426) during pregnancy. At follow-up, 164 (38.2%) children and mothers in the intervention group and 117 (27.5%) in the control group participated. We found no group differences in the children’s iso-BMI or PA. Findings were similar when we performed stratified analyses by sex, except boys in the control group spent more time on electrical devices than boys in the intervention group. Subgroup analyses of children of mothers who adhered to the exercise protocol and sensitivity analyses excluding children born preterm, children admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, and children with diseases or health problems at the 7-year follow-up, did not change the results. Children’s BMI, weekly leisure time MVPA and intensity of PA correlated with mothers’ BMI, daily exercise, and intensity of exercise. Conclusions Regular moderate intensity exercise during pregnancy did not affect BMI or PA of the children at 7 years. Good maternal health should be encouraged as it may influence the health of the next generation. Trial registration The initial RCT study was registered in ClinicalTrials.govNCT00476567.

scholarly journals Effect of Moderate-Intensity Aerobic Exercise on Hepatic Fat Content and Visceral Lipids in Hepatic Patients with Diabesity: A Single-Blinded Randomised Controlled Trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Walid Kamal Abdelbasset ◽  
Shereen H. Elsayed ◽  
Gopal Nambi ◽  
Saud M. Alrawaili ◽  
Tamer E. Elnegamy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aerobic Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Hepatic Fat ◽  
Standard Medical Treatment ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Objective. Limited studies have assessed the effect of moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise on hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. This study was designed to evaluate hepatic fat content and visceral lipids following moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise in hepatic patients with diabesity. Design. A single-blinded randomised controlled trial. Methods. Thirty-one diabetic obese patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were recruited into this study. The patients were randomly classified into exercise and control groups, fifteen patients in the exercise group and sixteen patients in the control group. The exercise group received an 8-week moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise program with standard medical treatment, while the control group received standard medical treatment without any exercise program. Hepatic fat content and visceral lipids were assessed before and after intervention at the end of the study. Results. Baseline and clinical characteristics showed a nonsignificant difference between the two groups (p>0.05). At the end of the intervention, the aerobic exercise showed significant improvements (serum triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), p≤0.002, total cholesterol, p=0.004, visceral fats, p=0.016, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1C), p=0.022, high-density lipoproteins (HDLs), p=0.038, alanine transaminases (AL), p=0.044, intrahepatic triglyceride and HOMA-IR, p=0.046, and body mass index (BMI), p=0.047), while the control group showed a nonsignificant difference (p>0.05). The postintervention analysis showed significant differences in favor of the aerobic exercise group (p<0.05). Conclusions. Moderate-intensity continuous aerobic exercise reduces the hepatic fat content and visceral lipids in hepatic patients with diabesity. Recommendations should be prescribed for encouraging moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training, particularly hepatic patients with diabesity.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of an exercise program (Staying UpRight) for older adults in long-term care on rates of falls: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Taylor ◽  
John Parsons ◽  
Denise Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth Binns ◽  
Sue Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Care

Abstract Background Falls are two to four times more frequent amongst long-term care (LTC) than community-dwelling older adults and have deleterious consequences. It is hypothesized that a progressive exercise program targeting balance and strength will reduce falls rates when compared to a seated exercise program and do so cost effectively. Methods/Design This is a single blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome and intention-to-treat analysis. LTC residents (age ≥65 years) will be recruited from LTC facilities in New Zealand. Participants (n= 528 total; with a 1:1 allocation ratio) will be randomly assigned to either a novel exercise program (Staying UpRight), comprising strength and balance exercises designed specifically for LTC and acceptable to people with dementia, (intervention group) or a seated exercise program (control group). The intervention and control group classes will be delivered for 1 hour twice weekly over 1 year. The primary outcome is rate of falls (per 1000 person years) within the intervention period. Secondary outcomes will be risk of falling (the proportion of fallers per group), falls rate relative to activity exposure, hospitalisation for fall-related injury, change in gait variability, volume and patterns of ambulatory activity and change in physical performance assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Cost effectiveness will be examined using intervention and health service costs. The trial commenced recruitment on 31 November 2018. Discussion This study evaluates the efficacy and cost effectiveness of a progressive strength and balance exercise program for aged-care residents to reduce falls. The outcomes will aid development of evidenced-based exercise programs for this vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of an exercise program (Staying UpRight) for older adults in long-term care on rates of falls: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Taylor ◽  
John Parsons ◽  
Denise Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth Binns ◽  
Sue Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Care

Abstract BackgroundFalls are two to four times more frequent amongst long-term care (LTC) than community-dwelling older adults and have deleterious consequences. It is hypothesized that a progressive exercise program targeting balance and strength will reduce falls rates when compared to a seated exercise program and do so cost effectively.Methods/DesignThis is a single blind, parallel-group, randomized controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome and intention-to-treat analysis. LTC residents (age ≥65 years) will be recruited from LTC facilities in New Zealand. Participants (n= 528 total; with a 1:1 allocation ratio) will be randomly assigned to either a novel exercise program (Staying UpRight), comprising strength and balance exercises designed specifically for LTC and acceptable to people with dementia, (intervention group) or a seated exercise program (control group). The intervention and control group classes will be delivered for 1 hour twice weekly over 1 year. The primary outcome is rate of falls (per 1000 person years) within the intervention period.Secondary outcomes will be risk of falling (the proportion of fallers per group), falls rate relative to activity exposure, hospitalisation for fall-related injury, change in gait variability, volume and patterns of ambulatory activity and change in physical performance assessed at baseline, 6 and 12 months. Cost effectiveness will be examined using intervention and health service costs. The trial commenced recruitment on 31 November 2018.DiscussionThis study evaluates the efficacy and cost effectiveness of a progressive strength and balance exercise program for aged-care residents to reduce falls. The outcomes will aid development of evidenced-based exercise programs for this vulnerable population.Trial registrationAustralian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001827224. Registered on November 9 2018; Universal trial number U1111-1217-7148

scholarly journals Evaluating the effects of an exercise program (Staying UpRight) for older adults in long-term care on rates of falls: study protocol for a randomised controlled trial

Trials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynne Taylor ◽  
John Parsons ◽  
Denise Taylor ◽  
Elizabeth Binns ◽  
Sue Lord ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Cost Effectiveness ◽  
Randomised Controlled Trial ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Randomised Controlled

Abstract Background Falls are two to four times more frequent amongst older adults living in long-term care (LTC) than community-dwelling older adults and have deleterious consequences. It is hypothesised that a progressive exercise program targeting balance and strength will reduce fall rates when compared to a seated exercise program and do so cost effectively. Methods/design This is a single blind, parallel-group, randomised controlled trial with blinded assessment of outcome and intention-to-treat analysis. LTC residents (age ≥ 65 years) will be recruited from LTC facilities in New Zealand. Participants (n = 528 total, with a 1:1 allocation ratio) will be randomly assigned to either a novel exercise program (Staying UpRight), comprising strength and balance exercises designed specifically for LTC and acceptable to people with dementia (intervention group), or a seated exercise program (control group). The intervention and control group classes will be delivered for 1 h twice weekly over 1 year. The primary outcome is rate of falls (per 1000 person years) within the intervention period. Secondary outcomes will be risk of falling (the proportion of fallers per group), fall rate relative to activity exposure, hospitalisation for fall-related injury, change in gait variability, volume and patterns of ambulatory activity and change in physical performance assessed at baseline and after 6 and 12 months. Cost-effectiveness will be examined using intervention and health service costs. The trial commenced recruitment on 30 November 2018. Discussion This study evaluates the efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a progressive strength and balance exercise program for aged care residents to reduce falls. The outcomes will aid development of evidenced-based exercise programmes for this vulnerable population. Trial registration Australian New Zealand Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12618001827224. Registered on 9 November 2018. Universal trial number U1111-1217-7148.

scholarly journals Gestational Exercise and Maternal and Child Health: Effects until Delivery and at Post-Natal Follow-up

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 379
Author(s):  
María Perales ◽  
Pedro L. Valenzuela ◽  
Ruben Barakat ◽  
Yaiza Cordero ◽  
Mireia Peláez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Birthweight ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Gestational Hypertension ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Cardiometabolic Health ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Pregnancy Weight

We studied the influence of pregnancy exercise on maternal/offspring cardiometabolic health until delivery and at follow-up. We pooled data from two randomized controlled trials from our group that were performed following the same methodology (one unpublished). We also collected follow-up data de novo from the participants of both trials and their offspring. In total, 1348 women with uncomplicated, singleton gestations were assigned to an intervention (n = 688, performing a supervised, moderate-intensity exercise program (three sessions/week)) or control group (n = 660). Maternal outcomes were excessive gestational weight gain (EGWG), gestational hypertension/diabetes and, at follow-up, return to pre-pregnancy weight within six months, hypertension, overweight/obesity, and other cardiometabolic conditions. Offspring outcomes were macrosomia and low-birthweight and, at follow-up, overweight/obesity, low-weight, and cardiometabolic conditions. Adherence to the intervention, which proved safe, was > 95%. Pregnancy exercise reduced the risk of EGWG, gestational hypertension, and diabetes (adjusted odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval: 0.60 (0.46–0.79), 0.39 (0.23–0.67), and 0.48 (0.28–0.84)), and it was associated with a greater likelihood of returning to pre-pregnancy weight (2.37 (1.26–4.54)) and a lower risk of maternal cardiometabolic conditions (0.27 (0.08–0.95)) at the end of follow-up (median 6.1 years (interquartile range 1.8)). Pregnancy exercise also reduced the risk of macrosomia (0.36 (0.20–0.63)) and of childhood overweight/obesity during the first year (0.20 (0.06–0.63)). Our findings suggest that pregnancy exercise might protect maternal/offspring health.

Physical Exercise Improves Cognitive Function in Older Adults with Stage 3–4 Chronic Kidney Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Yuhei Otobe ◽  
Minoru Yamada ◽  
Koji Hiraki ◽  
Satoshi Onari ◽  
Yasuhiro Taki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Physical Exercise ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Delayed Recall ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Exercise Effect

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) exhibit a higher probability of having cognitive impairment or dementia than those without CKD. The beneficial effects of physical exercise on cognitive function are known in the general older population, but more research is required in older adults with CKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Eighty-one outpatients (aged ≥65 years) with CKD stage G3–G4 were assessed for eligibility. Among them, 60 were randomized (single-center, unblinded, and stratified) and 53 received the allocated intervention (exercise <i>n</i> = 27, control <i>n</i> = 26). Patients in the exercise group undertook group-exercise training at our facility once weekly and independent exercises at home twice weekly or more, for 24 weeks. Patients in the control group received general care. General and specific cognitive functions (memory, attention, executive, and verbal) were measured, and differences in their scores at baseline and at the 24-week follow-up visit were assessed between the 2 groups. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Forty-four patients completed the follow-up at 24 weeks (exercise <i>n</i> = 23, control <i>n</i> = 21). Patients in the exercise group showed significantly greater changes in Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Logical Memory delayed recall (exercise effect: 2.82, 95% CI: 0.46–5.19, <i>p</i> = 0.03), and immediate and delayed recall (exercise effect: 5.97, 95% CI: 1.13–10.81, <i>p</i> = 0.02) scores than those in the control group. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> The 24-week exercise intervention significantly improved the memory function in older adults with pre-dialysis CKD. This randomized controlled trial suggests that physical exercise is a useful nonpharmacological strategy for preventing cognitive decline in these patients.

scholarly journals Moderate-Intensity Exercise Improves Body Composition and Improves Physiological Markers of Stress in HIV-Infected Men

ISRN AIDS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wesley David Dudgeon ◽  
Jason Reed Jaggers ◽  
Kenneth Doyle Phillips ◽  
John Larry Durstine ◽  
Stephanie E. Burgess ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Exercise Training ◽  
Salivary Cortisol ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Peak Strength ◽  
Moderate Intensity ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Moderate Intensity Exercise ◽  
Tissue Mass

HIV/AIDS and its treatment often alter body composition and result in poorer physical functioning. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a moderate-intensity exercise program on body composition and the hormones and cytokines associated with adverse health outcomes. HIV-infected males (N=111) were randomized to an exercise group (EX) who completed 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training, or to a nonintervention control group (CON). In pre- and postintervention, body composition was estimated via DXA, peak strength was assessed, and resting blood samples were obtained. There was a decrease in salivary cortisol at wake (P=0.025) in the EX and a trend (P=0.07) for a decrease 1 hour after waking. The EX had a significant increase in lean tissue mass (LTM) (P<0.001) following the intervention. Those in the EX below median body fat (20%) increased LTM (P=0.014) only, while those above 20% decreased fat mass (P=0.02), total fat (N=0.009), and trunk fat (P=0.001), while also increasing LTM (P=0.027). Peak strength increased between 14% and 28% on all exercises in the EX group. These data indicate that 6 weeks of moderate-intensity exercise training can decrease salivary cortisol levels, improve physical performance, and improve body composition in HIV-infected men.

Development and Evaluation of “Aging Well and Healthily”: A Health-Education and Exercise Program for Community-Living Older Adults

2002 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 364-381 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marijke Hopman-Rock ◽  
Marja H. Westhoff
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Health Education ◽  
Community Intervention ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aging Well ◽  
Effective Program ◽  
Low Intensity Exercise

The Aging Well and Healthily (AWH) program consists of health education by peers and low-intensity exercise. It was evaluated via a small randomized controlled trial and a community intervention trial involving older adults in the Netherlands. Reasons stated for participation were to exercise (35%), to acquire information about health (28%), and for social reasons (12%). The program was rated 8.2 on a 10-point scale. Twenty-five percent of participants joined exercise groups after the program ended, and 28% intended to do so. The mean physical activity score improved from 2.6 to 4.6 at follow-up (F = 16.9, p = .00) and was for the least active participants significantly different from that of the control group (F = 22.9, p = .02). Four to 6 months later, 60% of respondents reported still doing the exercises regularly at home. It is concluded that AWH is a potentially effective program for older adults.

scholarly journals Effectiveness and sustainability of a motor-cognitive stepping exergame training on stepping performance in older adults: a randomized controlled trial

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Hauer ◽  
Elena Litz ◽  
Michaela Günther-Lange ◽  
Caroline Ball ◽  
Eling D. de Bruin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trial ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Exercise Program ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Balance Exercises

Abstract Background Training effects reported for stepping exergames on stepping performances in older adults often based on not comprehensively validated outcomes measures, and follow-up data on their sustainability are lacking. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness and sustainability of a motor-cognitive stepping exergame training on the stepping performance in older adults. Methods Fifty-eight older adults (78.3 ± 6.5 years) participated in the randomized controlled trial with a 10-week intervention and 10-week follow-up period. The intervention group (IG: n = 29) took part in a once-weekly exercise program including strength and balance exercises supplemented with an additional stepping exergame training. The control group (CG: n = 29) only performed the strength and balance exercises. Outcome measures included stepping reaction times (SRTs) and games scores for individual stepping exergame levels and for the overall exergame performance, as measured by an assessment strategy previously validated in older adults. Results SRTs and/or games scores for 7 out of 10 levels and the overall exergame performance significantly improved in the IG compared to the CG during the intervention (p ≤ 0.001–0.039, ηp2 = 0.090–0.445). Training gains were sustained for 2 levels and for the overall exergame performance (p = 0.017–0.033, ηp2 = 0.127–0.193). Conclusion The study demonstrates that the additional stepping exergame training effectively and sustainably improves the performance in complex motor-cognitive stepping exergame tasks in older adults, which can be relevant for preventing falls. Future research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of such training on reducing the number of falls. Trial registration ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN14855620, 06/06/2019 (retrospectively registered).

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