scholarly journals A strange case of Malaria in a Nigerian native boy.

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e2017023
Author(s):  
Paola Magro ◽  
Ilaria Izzo ◽  
Barbara Saccani ◽  
Salvatore Casari ◽  
Silvio Caligaris ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Splenic Infarction ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Radiographic Appearance ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Endemic Areas ◽  
Quantiferon Test

The protective role of SCT in malaria endemic areas has been proved and prevalence of HbS gene in malaria endemic areas is high. Splenic infarction is a well-known complication of SCT, rarely associated with malaria. A Nigerian boy was admitted to our ward after returning from his country of origin, for P. falciparum malaria. He underwent abdominal US for upper right abdominal pain, showing cholecystitis and multiple splenic abscesses. Empiric antibiotic therapy was undertaken. Bartonella, Echinococcus, Entamoeba serologies, blood cultures, Quantiferon test, coproparasitologic exam were negative; endocarditis was excluded. He underwent further blood exams and abdomen MRI, confirming the presence of signal alterations areas, with radiographic appearance of recent post-infarction outcomes. Hemoglobin electrophoresis showed a percentage of HbS of 40.6% and a diagnosis of SCT was made.Splenic infarction should be taken into account in patients with malaria and localized abdominal pain.  Moreover, diagnosis of SCT should be considered.

scholarly journals Successful Clearance of Persistent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia with Daptomycin, Linezolid, and Meropenem Salvage Therapy

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grant Shaddix ◽  
Kalindi Patel ◽  
Matthew Simmons ◽  
Kelsie Burner
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Salvage Therapy ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
White Female ◽  
Salvage Regimen ◽  
Methicillin Resistant ◽  
Staphylococcus Aureus Bacteremia ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic

Staphylococcus aureus is one of the most virulent Gram-positive organisms responsible for a multitude of infections, including bacteremia. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is of special concern in patients with bacteremia. Due to its associated poor clinical outcomes, morbidity, and mortality, the superlative salvage regimen for persistent MRSA bacteremia remains uncertain. An 85-year-old white female presented with persistent methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) bacteremia. Empiric antibiotic therapy with linezolid was initiated prior to blood culture results. Once MRSA bacteremia was confirmed, alternative antibiotic therapy with daptomycin was initiated. Blood cultures remained positive for MRSA despite three days of daptomycin therapy after which ceftaroline was added to the antibiotic regimen. Blood cultures remained positive for MRSA despite seven days of combination therapy with daptomycin and ceftaroline. Salvage therapy was then initiated with daptomycin, linezolid, and meropenem. One day following initiation of salvage therapy, blood cultures revealed no bacterial growth for the remainder of the length of stay. This report supports the effectiveness of salvage therapy consisting of daptomycin, linezolid, and meropenem in patients with persistent MRSA bacteremia.

Protective effects of selenium against sister chromatid exchange induced by AFG 1 in human lymphocytes in vitro

2010 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 515-519
Author(s):  
Lokman Alpsoy ◽  
Elif Kotan ◽  
Abdulgani Tatar ◽  
Guleray Agar
Keyword(s):  
Sister Chromatid ◽  
Sister Chromatid Exchange ◽  
Human Lymphocytes ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Aflatoxins have been shown to be hepatotoxic, carcinogenic, mutagenic and teratogenic to different species of animals. Besides, at low concentrations, Selenium (Se4+) is antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic while it is toxic, mutagenic and carcinogenic at high concentrations. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of Se4+ against aflatoxin GAFG1 (AFG1) on blood cultures in relation to induction of sister chromatid exchange (SCE). The results showed that at 0.4 and 0.8 parts per million (ppm) concentration of AFG1, the frequency of SCE increased in cultured human lymphocytes. When different concentration of Se4+ (0.08 and 8 ppm) were added to AFG1, the frequencies of SCE decreased. Howewer, when 800 ppm concentration of Se4+ together with 0.08 ppm AFG1 were added to cell division inhibited in the cultures. Results suggested that Se4+ could effectively inhibit AFG1-induced SCE. Besides, the protective role of Se4+ against AFG1-induced SCE is probably related to its doses.

scholarly journals The Role of Adjunctive Therapies in Septic Shock by Gram Negative MDR/XDR Infections

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefano Busani ◽  
Erika Roat ◽  
Giulia Serafini ◽  
Elena Mantovani ◽  
Emanuela Biagioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Septic Shock ◽  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Blood Purification ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Alternative Strategies ◽  
Immune Paralysis ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
The Relationship

Patients with septic shock by multidrug resistant microorganisms (MDR) are a specific sepsis population with a high mortality risk. The exposure to an initial inappropriate empiric antibiotic therapy has been considered responsible for the increased mortality, although other factors such as immune-paralysis seem to play a pivotal role. Therefore, beyond conventional early antibiotic therapy and fluid resuscitation, this population may benefit from the use of alternative strategies aimed at supporting the immune system. In this review we present an overview of the relationship between MDR infections and immune response and focus on the rationale and the clinical data available on the possible adjunctive immunotherapies, including blood purification techniques and different pharmacological approaches.

scholarly journals Acute pancreatitis in a COVID-19 patient in Brazil: a case report

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Petersen da Costa Ferreira ◽  
Kalynne Rodrigues Marques ◽  
Gustavo Henrique Ferreira de Mattos ◽  
Tércio de Campos
Keyword(s):  
Acute Pancreatitis ◽  
Abdominal Pain ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
White Male ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Pancreatic Involvement ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic

Abstract Background The consequences of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic have already exceeded 10 million infected and more than 560,000 deaths worldwide since its inception. Currently, it is known that the disease affects mainly the respiratory system; however, recent studies have shown an increase in the number of patients with manifestations in other systems, including gastrointestinal manifestations. There is a lack of literature regarding the development of acute pancreatitis as a complication of coronavirus disease 2019. Case report We report a case of acute pancreatitis in a white male patient with coronavirus disease 2019. A 35-year-old man (body mass index 31.5) had acute epigastric pain radiating to his back, dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting for 2 days. The patient was diagnosed with severe acute pancreatitis (AP)-APACHE II: 5, SOFA: 3, Marshall: 0; then he was transferred from ED to the semi-intensive care unit. He tested positive for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 on reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, and his chest computed tomography findings were compatible with coronavirus disease 2019. Treatment was based on bowel rest, fluid resuscitation, analgesia, and empiric antibiotic therapy. At day 12, with resolution of abdominal pain and improvement of the respiratory condition, the patient was discharged. Conclusion Since there is still limited evidence of pancreatic involvement in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, no definite conclusion can be made. Given the lack of other etiology, we consider the possibility that the patient’s acute pancreatitis could be secondary to coronavirus disease 2019 infection, and we suggest investigation of pancreas-specific plasma amylase in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 and abdominal pain.

scholarly journals Erythema Nodosum Associated with Staphylococcus Species Infection in a Child

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Knezevic Sanja ◽  
Prodanovic Tijana ◽  
Radovanovic Marija ◽  
Prodanovic Nikola ◽  
Kostic Gordana
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Blood Cultures ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Coagulase Negative Staphylococcus ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Cutaneous Lesions ◽  
Skin Changes ◽  
Erythrocyte Sedimentation ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic

AbstractErythema nodosum (EN) is a poly-etiological disease with an acute flow that is characterized by symmetric emergence of painful nodules often in pretibial areas.A twenty-month-old male child was admitted to hospital for evaluation of the eruptive skin changes in the lower extremities and forearms. The disease began 10 days before getting febricity and loose stools. The laboratory analysis showed an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate and leukocytosis. Blood cultures demonstrated the presence of coagulase-negative Staphylococcus, while Proteus vulgaris was isolated in urine cultures. After initiation of the empiric antibiotic therapy and then, the targeted antibiotic therapy according to the antibiogram, there was a significant improvement in a general condition and regression of cutaneous lesions.Erythema nodosum in the present case, is the result of staphylococcal bacteremia although Proteus vulgaris cannot be excluded as a cause.

scholarly journals Advances in the prevention, management, and treatment of community-acquired pneumonia

F1000Research ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 300 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathias W. Pletz ◽  
Gernot G. Rohde ◽  
Tobias Welte ◽  
Martin Kolditz ◽  
Sebastian Ott
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Community Acquired Pneumonia ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Pneumococcal Vaccines ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Current Guidelines

Community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) is the infectious disease with the highest number of deaths worldwide. Nevertheless, its importance is often underestimated. Large cohorts of patients with CAP have been established worldwide and improved our knowledge about CAP by far. Therefore, current guidelines are much more evidence-based than ever before. This article discusses recent major studies and concepts on CAP such as the role of biomarkers, appropriate risk stratification to identify patients in need of hospitalisation or intensive care, appropriate empiric antibiotic therapy (including the impact of macrolide combination therapy and antibiotic stewardship), and CAP prevention with novel influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.

scholarly journals The Role of Monitoring Gentamicin Levels in Patients with Gram-Negative Peritoneal Dialysis-Associated Peritonitis

2014 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Tang ◽  
Yeoungjee Cho ◽  
Carmel M. Hawley ◽  
Sunil V. Badve ◽  
David W. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Short Course ◽  
Empiric Antibiotic ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Average Serum ◽  
Gentamicin Therapy

BackgroundThere is limited available evidence regarding the role of monitoring serum gentamicin concentrations in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients receiving this antimicrobial agent in gram-negative PD-associated peritonitis.MethodsUsing data collected in all patients receiving PD at a single center who experienced a gram-negative peritonitis episode between 1 January 2005 and 31 December 2011, we investigated the relationship between measured serum gentamicin levels on day 2 following initial empiric antibiotic therapy and subsequent clinical outcomes of confirmed gram-negative peritonitis.ResultsSerum gentamicin levels were performed on day 2 in 51 (77%) of 66 first gram-negative peritonitis episodes. Average serum gentamicin levels on day 2 were 1.83 ± 0.84 mg/L with levels exceeding 2 mg/L in 22 (43%) cases. The overall cure rate was 64%. No cases of ototoxicity were observed. Day-2 gentamicin levels were not significantly different between patients who did and did not have a complication or cure. Using multivariable logistic regression analysis, failure to cure peritonitis was not associated with either day-2 gentamicin level (adjusted odds ratio (OR) 0.96, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.25 – 3.73) or continuation of gentamicin therapy beyond day 2 (OR 0.28, 0.02 – 3.56). The only exception was polymicrobial peritonitis, where day-2 gentamicin levels were significantly higher in episodes that were cured (2.06 ± 0.41 vs 1.29 ± 0.71, p = 0.01). In 17 (26%) patients receiving extended gentamicin therapy, day-5 gentamicin levels were not significantly related to peritonitis cure.ConclusionDay-2 gentamicin levels did not predict gentamicin-related harm or efficacy during short-course gentamicin therapy for gram-negative PD-related peritonitis, except in cases of polymicrobial peritonitis, where higher levels were associated with cure.

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

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