scholarly journals Scapular-Muscle Performance: Two Training Programs in Adolescent Swimmers

2011 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 160-167 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annemie Van de Velde ◽  
Kristof De Mey ◽  
Annelies Maenhout ◽  
Patrick Calders ◽  
Ann M. Cools
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Peak Force ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Muscle Endurance ◽  
Fatigue Index ◽  
Side Peak ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract Context: Swimming requires well-balanced scapular-muscle performance. An additional strength-training program for the shoulders is pursued by swimmers, but whether these muscle-training programs need to be generic or specific for endurance or strength is unknown. Objective: To evaluate isokinetic scapular-muscle performance in a population of adolescent swimmers and to compare the results of training programs designed for strength or muscle endurance. Design: Controlled laboratory study. Setting: University human research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Eighteen adolescent swimmers. Intervention(s): Each participant pursued a 12-week scapular-training program designed to improve either muscle strength or muscle endurance. Main Outcome Measure(s): Bilateral peak force, fatigue index, and protraction/retraction strength ratios before and after the scapular-training program. Results: Scapular protraction/retraction ratios were slightly higher than 1 (dominant side  =  1.08, nondominant side  =  1.25, P  =  .006). Side-to-side differences in retraction strength were apparent both before and after the training program (P  =  .03 and P  = .05, respectively). After the training program, maximal protraction (P < .05) and retraction (P < .01) strength improved on the nondominant side. Peak force and fatigue index were not different between the training groups. The fatigue indexes for protraction on both sides (P < .05) and retraction on the nondominant side (P  =  .009) were higher after the training program. Conclusions: We describe the scapular-muscle characteristics of a group of adolescent swimmers. Both muscle-strength and muscle-endurance programs improved absolute muscle strength. Neither of the strength programs had a positive effect on scapular-muscle endurance. Our results may be valuable for coaches and physiotherapists when they are designing exercise programs for swimmers.

Back Squat vs. Hip Thrust Resistance-training Programs in Well-trained Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (05) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matheus Barbalho ◽  
Victor Coswig ◽  
Daniel Souza ◽  
Julio Cerca Serrão ◽  
Mário Hebling Campos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Muscle Hypertrophy ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Gluteus Maximus ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
Quadriceps Femoris ◽  
Repetition Maximum ◽  
Back Squat ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Gluteus Maximus Muscle

AbstractThe study compared the effects of back squat (BS) and hip thrust (HT) exercises on muscle strength and hypertrophy in well-trained women. Twenty-two participants were divided in two groups: BS group (n=12, 26.4±1.32 years, 171.8±3.79 cm, and 69.5±4.9 kg) performed the BS exercise and HT group (n=10, 27.5±1.42 years, 170.8±4.4 cm, 67.5±4.7 kg) performed the HT exercise. Training was performed for 12 weeks. Before and after the training period, participants were assessed for quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus muscle thickness (MT) and 1 repetition maximum (1RM) test on the BS and HT. Both groups significantly increased hip extensors MT and HT 1RM; however, the improvements in BS group were higher than in HT group on quadriceps femoris (12.2% for BS and 2% for HT, P<0.001) and gluteus maximus MT (9.4% for BS and 3.7% for HT, P=0.001) and BS 1 RM (35.9% for BS and 4.3% for HT, P<0.001). BS was more efficient than HT, since it resulted in greater muscle hypertrophy of the quadriceps femoris and gluteus maximus, increases in BS 1RM and similar increases in HT.

Effect of Whole-Body-Vibration Training on Trunk-Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Healthy Adults: Preliminary Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki Maeda ◽  
Yukio Urabe ◽  
Junpei Sasadai ◽  
Akira Miyamoto ◽  
Masahito Murakami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Outcome Measures ◽  
Whole Body Vibration ◽  
Trunk Muscle ◽  
Isometric Strength ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Muscle Training ◽  
Body Vibration

Context:Whole-body-vibration (WBV) stimulus equipment has been used as a new training method for health promotion. Its use in the clinic has expanded to the field of sports and rehabilitation for disabled patients. WBV training is rapidly gaining popularity in health and fitness centers as an alternative method for improving muscle performance. Acute positive effects of WBV have been shown on lower-extremity muscle power and vertical-jump ability; however, there have not been any studies focusing on the long-term effects of WBV for trunk muscle and dynamic balance.Objective:To investigate the effects of an 8-wk program of WBV in combination with trunk-muscle training on muscle performance in healthy, untrained adults.Design:Laboratory-based, repeated-measures study.Setting:University laboratory.Participants:20 healthy university men.Intervention:Participants were randomly assigned to a WBV or non-WBV group. The WBV group performed a trunk-muscle-training program in combination with WBV; the non-WBV group performed the same muscle-training program without WBV for 8 wk.Main Outcome Measures:In the pre- and posttraining period, the participants were evaluated using the Functional Movement Screen (FMS), Y Balance Test (Y-test) (anterior, posteromedial, and posterolateral reach), trunk-muscle isometric strength (flexor, extensor, and flexor:extensor ratio), squat jump, and countermovement jump.Results:The WBV group had greater improvement than the non-WBV group in both trunk-flexor muscle strength (P = .02) and the Y-test (anterior reach) (P = .004) between pre- and posttraining.Conclusion:Adding WBV to a trunk-muscle-strengthening program may improve trunk-flexor isometric strength and anterior reach during the Y-test more than training without WBV. The WBV protocol used in this study had no significant impact on FMS scores, squat jumping, countermovement jumping, trunk-extensor isometric strength, or trunk flexor:extensor ratio.

scholarly journals Respiratory Muscle Performance and the Perception of Dyspnea in Parkinson's Disease

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paltiel Weiner ◽  
Rivka Inzelberg ◽  
Avi Davidovich ◽  
Puiu Nisipeanu ◽  
Rasmi Magadle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Respiratory Muscle ◽  
Respiratory Muscles ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Forced Expiratory Volume ◽  
Muscle Performance ◽  
Respiratory Muscle Strength ◽  
Before And After

Background:Pulmonary and respiratory muscle function impairment are common in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, dyspnea is not a frequent complaint among these patients, although it is well documented that the intensity of dyspnea is related to the activity and the strength of the respiratory muscles.Patients and Methods:We studied pulmonary function, respiratory muscle strength and endurance and the perception of dyspnea (POD) in 20 patients with PD (stage II and III Hoehn and Yahr scale) before and after their first daily L-dopa dose. Respiratory muscle strength was assessed by measuring the maximal inspiratory and expiratory mouth pressures (PImax and PEmax), at residual volume (RV) and total lung capacity (TLC) respectively. The POD was measured while the subject breathed against progressive load and dyspnea was rated using a visual analog scale.Results:Respiratory muscle strength and endurance were decreased and the POD was increased during the off medication period compared to normal subjects. There was a nonsignificant trend to an increase in PImax, PEmax and endurance after L-dopa intake. The POD of PD patients decreased (p<0.05) following medication, although, it remained increased (p<0.01) as compared to the normal subjects. Even if patients had spirometry data showing a mild restrictive pattern, before medication, both forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume (FEV)1 remained almost identical after L-dopa intake.Conclusions:Patients with PD have higher POD, compared to normal subjects and this increased perception is attenuated when the patients are on dopaminergic medication. The change in the POD is not related to changes in respiratory muscle performance or pulmonary functions. A central effect or a correction of uncoordinated respiratory movements by L-dopa may contribute to the decrease in POD following L-dopa treatment.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KETERAMPILAN MEMANAH BAGI MAHASISWA UIN, SERAMBI DAN UBUDIYAH DI STKIP BINA BANGSA GETSEMPENA BANDA ACEH

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-118
Author(s):  
Irfandi ◽  
Zikrur Rahmat
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Physical Training ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Muscle Contractions ◽  
Pressure Balance ◽  
Arc Pressure ◽  
Training Activities ◽  
Speed Accuracy ◽  
Banda Aceh

The purpose of this article is to increase strength, speed, accuracy, endurance, and coordination and balance are crucial in producing good and correct archery basic techniques, so as to produce good archery accuracy. In line with that, we think that in order to get the automation and effectiveness of arm muscle strength, arrow speed in order to reach the target in archery, in this case it is necessary to have regular and directed physical training, this is felt to be more effectively done through devotion activities carried out by the student . But in its application the field is actually different, isotonic training, which is a form of exercise with shortened and elongated muscle contractions, in this case the chosen form of exercise is bow pulling training, whereas isometric training is a form of training that contracts with no shortening or elongation, in this case the form of exercise used is to hold the arc pressure (balance). The system of implementing the two forms of training is adjusted to the training program that has been planned and established for the achievement of the peak achievements of UIN, Serambi and Ubudiyah students at the STKIP BBG Banda Aceh. The aim is to improve skills, accuracy, right on target when archery, so in this case the solution offered in this service is to conduct training activities based on daily, weekly and monthly training programs. Abstrak Tujuan artikel ini adalah untuk meningkatkan kekuatan, kecepatan, ketepatan, daya tahan, dan koordinasi serta keseimbangan sangat menentukan dalam menghasilkan teknik dasar memanah yang baik dan benar, sehingga menghasilkan ketepatan memanah yang baik. Sejalan dengan itu, kami berpikir bahwa untuk mendapatkan otomatisasi dan efektivitas kekuatan otot lengan, kecepatan anak panah demi mencapai target dalam memanah, maka dalam hal ini perlu latihan fisik secara rutin dan terarah, hal ini dirasa lebih efektif dilakukan melalui kegiatan pengabdian yang dilakukan mahasiswa tersebut. Namun dalam aplikasinya dilapangan justru berbeda, latihan isotonik yaitu suatu bentuk latihan dengan konstraksi otot memendek dan memanjang dalam hal ini bentuk latihan yang dipilih adalah latihan menarik busur, sedangkan latihan isometrik merupakan suatu bentuk latihan yang berkontraksi dengan tidak terjadi pemendekan atau pemanjangan, dalam hal ini bentuk latihan yang dipergunakan adalah menahan tekanan busur (keseimbangan). Sistem pelaksanaan kedua bentuk latihan disesuaikan dengan program latihan yang telah direncanakan dan ditetapkan untuk pencapaian prestasi puncak mahasiswa UIN, Serambi dan Ubudiyah di STKIP BBG Banda Aceh. Tujuannya adalah untuk meningkatkan keterampilan, ketepatan, tepat sasaran saat memanah, maka dalam hal ini solusi yang ditawarkan dalam pengabdian ini adalah dengan melakukan kegiatan pelatihan berpedoman pada program latihan harian, mingguan dan bulanan. Kata Kunci: Keterampilan, Memanah, Mahasiswa.

scholarly journals Assessment of the Strength Parameters of the Quadriceps Femoris Muscles in Polish University Students after a 3-Week Program of Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation Using the RSQ1 Method

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (21) ◽  
pp. 11717
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Rywacka ◽  
Małgorzata Stefańska ◽  
Alicja Dziuba-Słonina
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
University Students ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Strength Parameters ◽  
Left Limb ◽  
Before And After

A rehabilitative program for patients who lose strength and muscle mass along with the ability to perform intensive exercises is lacking. We developed a 3-week training program based on neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) using a RSQ1 device (modulated current resulting from the overlapping of two-component currents) for RSQ1 electrostimulation to improve strength parameters of the quadricep femoris muscles and compare its effectiveness to isometric training. Nineteen university students were randomly divided into the NMES group (10 sessions) and the control group who trained. We measured the circumference of the thigh, as well as peak torques of the flexor and extensor muscles before and after the start and after the end of the training program. Both tested training programs gave similar results. Differences between measured parameters were not significant except for differences in the peak torques of the knee flexors (9.9% for left limb; p = 0.2135 vs. 7.8% for rift limb; p = 0.2135) and the circumference of the left thigh—2% for both (left p = 0.5839 and right p = 0.1088). Comparable results of the tested training programs suggest that NMES is a good alternative for people who cannot perform exercises, but want to maintain or improve their physical fitness.

scholarly journals Dynamics of Power Indicators Growth in Bodybuilders of 18-19 Years Old at the Stage of Specialized Basic Training

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 331-336
Author(s):  
O. S. Slavityak ◽  
◽  
N. V. Kovaleva ◽  
O. Yu. Bychkov ◽  
A. O. Tvelina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Strength ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Training Session ◽  
Growth Dynamics ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Basic Training ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Muscle Groups

The purpose of the study was the analysis of the growth dynamics of power indicators of athletes-bodybuilders at the stage of specialized basic training. Materials and methods. The study was conducted from March to the end of June (4 months) 2021. It involved 60 athletes aged from 18 to 19 years. Three research groups were formed, 20 athletes in each. These groups of athletes were divided by the usual sample method and by age. Qualification and anthropometric characteristics did not differ significantly. The only difference was in the proposed training programs. Theoretical analysis of scientific and methodological literature was carried out. Test control method for determining the maximum muscle strength of athletes to assess the initial level of muscle strength development in the surveyed contingent and determine the characteristics of its dynamics, was used. The obtained data were used to calculate the indicators of the value of the training load of athletes. In addition, method for quantitative assessment of athletes' physical load was used. The mathematical processing of research results was carried out using the software packages IBM SPSS Statistics 20. Results and discussion. The research results indicate that the values of the training loads indicators of bodybuilders and the nature of their changes in conditions of the same level of athletes' fitness and the structure of the training session depend on the characteristics of the selected training means (training programs). The analysis of the results obtained shows that under the conditions of the second variant of the training program, the indicators of the working mass of the athletes' equipment change more significantly during the entire research period. A similar tendency is observed when monitoring the load volume indicators, despite the fact that the most significant increase in this indicator among bodybuilders when performing formative exercises was obtained under the conditions of using the third variant of the training program, using the “premature fatigue” method. Conclusion. The growth rates of the strength capabilities of the main muscle groups turned out to be the highest among bodybuilders of the second main group due to the long-term use of the “premature fatigue” method. When performing exercises of a formative nature, the growth rate of strength capabilities was 30.9% (p <0.05), while when performing exercises of a basic nature, such an increase was three times less (by 10.5%, p <0.05)

scholarly journals The effect of different training programs on throwing accuracy of elite female handball players

2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 3432
Author(s):  
Nebahat Eler ◽  
Serdar Eler
Keyword(s):  
Strength Training ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Acute Effect ◽  
Maximal Strength ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Throwing Accuracy ◽  
Before And After ◽  
The Mean

The aim of this study is to examine the acute effect of different training programs applied to elite female handball players on throwing accuracy. 14 elite female players were participated in the study. The mean age of the participating players was 28.64 ± 9.88 (years), the mean height length was 176.50 ± 4.86 (cm), the mean body weight was 68.07 ± 2.12 (kg) and the mean sport age was 14.36 ± 4.89 (years). On different days, a technical training program, maximal strength training program, strength endurance training program and speed power training program have been implemented to the participating players in the research.  Before and after training, the players throwing the ball from their area to the specific points of goal and the percentage of accuracy was determined. As a result; there was a significant difference between before and after maximal strength training  the mean values of throwing accuracy (p<0,05) but there was no significant difference before and after other training programs (p> 0,05). This result indicates that acute maximal strength training has a negative effect on throwing accuracy.

scholarly journals The Effect of Periodization on Training Program Adherence

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (24) ◽  
pp. 12973
Author(s):  
Vicente Javier Clemente-Suárez ◽  
Domingo Jesús Ramos-Campo ◽  
José Francisco Tornero-Aguilera ◽  
Jose A. Parraca ◽  
Nuno Batalha
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Aerobic Performance ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Performance Time ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Program Adherence ◽  
The Individual

The present research aimed to study the effect of three different training periodization (traditional, reverse, and free training) on the aerobic performance, motivation, and adherence of physically active athletes. We analysed the adherence to three different periodization training programs: traditional, reverse, and free training periodization on the adherence of amateur triathletes. For this aim, the individual adherence, motivation, and aerobic performance time and heart rate (in a 1000 m running test) were evaluated before and after the completion of the three different 8-week periodization programs. The level of adherence to the reverse periodization was significantly higher than in traditional and free training. The number of dropouts in reverse and traditional periodization was similar but lower than in the free training. Finally, neither of the periodization programs improved aerobic performance and reverse training periodization decreased heart rate of participants in a 1000 m running test.

The effects of training in rhythm and pitch on phonological awareness in four- to six-year-old children

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 376-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hanne Patscheke ◽  
Franziska Degé ◽  
Gudrun Schwarzer
Keyword(s):  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Training Condition ◽  
Training Phase ◽  
Music Training ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Positive Effect

Music training is frequently used for enhancing phonological awareness. The disentanglement of the influences of basic music essentials on phonological awareness could contribute to the measurement of their effectiveness. Therefore, this study investigated the separate effects of training in rhythm and pitch on phonological awareness. Preschoolers aged between four and six years ( M = 5.5 years; SD = 0.7 years; 25 boys, 15 girls) were randomly assigned to a music training condition and a non-music training condition. Children in the music condition either participated in a rhythm program or in a pitch program, whereas children in the non-music control condition attended a sports program. All groups were trained three times a week for 20 minutes per session over a period of 16 weeks. Phonological awareness was tested before and after the training phase. At the pretest, no significant differences were found between the three groups. After the training phase, only the pitch program showed a positive effect on phonological awareness concerning rhyming, blending, and segmenting. Thus, these findings can be used to rearrange music training programs to contain more pitch elements in order to increase their effectiveness in enhancing phonological awareness.

scholarly journals Effect of a Standardized Four-Week Desensitization and Counter-Conditioning Training Program on Pre-Existing Veterinary Fear in Companion Dogs

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 767
Author(s):  
Stellato ◽  
Jajou ◽  
Dewey ◽  
Widowski ◽  
Niel
Keyword(s):  
Training Program ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Training Group ◽  
Training Period ◽  
Veterinary Clinic ◽  
Companion Dogs ◽  
Blinded Observer ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Individualized Training ◽  
To Receive

Many dogs show signs of fear during veterinary appointments. It is widely recommended to use desensitization and counter-conditioning training to reduce this fear. However, the efficacy of this method for reducing veterinary fear has not been examined. We assessed the effect of a standardized four-week training program on behavioural and physiological signs of fear in dogs with pre-existing veterinary fear. Owned dogs were randomly allocated to receive training (n = 15) or no training (n = 22; Control). Owners of dogs in the training group were instructed to perform exam-style handling on their dog and to visit the veterinary clinic weekly. Owners of control dogs were given no instructions. Fear responses were assessed before and after the training period by a blinded observer during clinic arrival and examination. Despite motivated owners volunteering to participate in the current study, 44% of owners were non-compliant to this training program. During examination, control dogs had higher odds (95% confidence Interval (CI)) of reduced posture compared to trained dogs (Odds ratio (OR): 3.79, CI: 1.03–16.3). Fear scores for trained dogs lowered during the second examination (p = 0.046), and 86.7% of dog owners reported a reduction in their dog’s fear levels across the training period (p = 0.007). When entering the clinic (p = 0.002) and during examination (p = 0.002), trained female dogs had a higher rate of lip licking than control females. The training program did not influence temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, avoidance, trembling, vocalizations, or willingness and encouragement to step on the scale. Results suggest that this four-week training program was mildly effective at reducing veterinary fear in dogs. Further research is necessary to explore the efficacy of longer, more intensive, and individualized training programs.

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