Preliminary evaluation of proposed methods of processing petroleum fluid coke as a reinforcing additive for the production of metallurgical coke and for the manufacture of high-purity carbon black

Abstract The surface energy of thermal and furnace carbon blacks was determined by inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution. In general, the specific surface energy decreases with decreasing carbon black specific surface area. However, there is also an influence of the concentration of impurities during the carbon black production. The surface energy decreases with decreasing concentration of impurities. The carbon black surface and bulk chemistry was studied by electron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA), secondary ion mass spectroscopy (SIMS) and Raman spectroscopy. Scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) was used for characterization of the surface morphology. Thermal grades of carbon black produced from high purity natural gas feedstock do not contain fewer surface functional groups than the other grades. No correlation between the concentration and nature of the oxygen and sulphur surface groups and the carbon black surface energy was found. Instead, a correlation between the surface energy and the polyaromatic character of the carbon black surface exists. Both increased in the order: thermal blacks from high purity natural gas feedstock < thermal black from oil feedstock < furnace blacks. The increase of the surface energy might be related to the formation of active sites which are formed upon removal of non-carbon elements during the carbon black formation. There was no principal difference in the surface morphology of thermal blacks from high purity gas feedstock and other blacks.

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Gram-scale synthesis of high-purity graphene quantum dots with multicolor photoluminescence

RSC Advances ◽

10.1039/c5ra19219f ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 5 (125) ◽

pp. 103428-103432 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Fuchi Liu ◽

Yuanyuan Sun ◽

Yongping Zheng ◽

Nujiang Tang ◽

Ming Li ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quantum Dots ◽

Nitric Acid ◽

Carbon Black ◽

High Purity ◽

Graphene Quantum Dots ◽

Experimental System ◽

System P

A gram-scale approach has been developed to prepare highly pure graphene quantum dots (GQDs) from Vulcan XC-72 carbon black refluxed with concentrated nitric acid using a home-built experimental system.

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Production of Metallic Iron from Iron Oxide (Fe2O3) Using End-of-Life Rubber Tyre and its Blends with Metallurgical Coke as Reductants

International Journal of Engineering Research in Africa ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/jera.10.1 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

pp. 1-12

Author(s):

James Ransford Dankwah ◽

Pramod Koshy

Keyword(s):

Iron Oxide ◽

End Of Life ◽

High Purity ◽

Metallic Iron ◽

Horizontal Tube ◽

Metallurgical Coke ◽

Argon Gas ◽

Composite Pellets ◽

Infrared Gas Analyser ◽

Horizontal Tube Furnace

The production of metallic iron from iron oxide using end-of-life tyres (RT) and its blends with metallurgical coke as reductants has been investigated through experiments conducted in a laboratory scale horizontal tube furnace. Composite pellets of iron oxide (96.89 % Fe2O3) with RT, coke and coke/RT blends (in four different proportions) were rapidly heated at 1500 °C under high purity argon gas and the off gas was continuously analysed for CO and CO2 using an online infrared gas analyser (IR). The extent of reduction after ten minutes, level of carburisation of the reduced metal and the total amount of CO2 emissions were determined for each carbonaceous reductant. The results indicate that metallic iron can be effectively produced from Fe2O3 using RT and its blends with coke as reductant. The extent of reduction and level of carburisation are significantly improved when coke is blended with RT. Blending of coke with RT resulted in significant decrease in CO2 emissions.

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Reduction of FeO in EAF Steelmaking Slag by Blends of Metallurgical Coke and Waste Polypropylene

High Temperature Materials and Processes ◽

10.1515/htmp-2013-0035 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 107-114 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

James R. Dankwah ◽

Pramod Koshy

Keyword(s):

High Purity ◽

Horizontal Tube ◽

Metallurgical Coke ◽

Steelmaking Slag ◽

Argon Gas ◽

Composite Pellets ◽

Infrared Gas Analyser ◽

Eaf Slag ◽

Waste Polypropylene ◽

Horizontal Tube Furnace

AbstractThe reduction of FeO-containing slag by blends of metallurgical coke and waste polypropylene (PP) has been investigated through experiments conducted in a laboratory scale horizontal tube furnace. Composite pellets of EAF slag (47.1% FeO) with coke, PP and blends of coke/PP (in three different proportions) were rapidly heated at 1500 °C under high purity argon gas and the off gas was continuously analysed for CO and CO2 using an online infrared gas analyser (IR). The extent of reduction after fifteen minutes, level of carburisation and desulphurization were determined for each carbonaceous reductant. The results show that FeO can be effectively reduced from EAF slag to produce metallic iron using waste PP and its blends with coke as reductants; improvements in the extent of reduction and levels of carburisation and desulphurisation of the reduced metal were observed when coke was blended with PP.

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Slip Casting of α-Sialon/AlN/BN Powder Carbothermally Prepared by Boron-Rich Slag-Based Mixture

Key Engineering Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.484.70 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 484 ◽

pp. 70-74

Author(s):

Jun Bin Wu ◽

Xiang Xin Xue ◽

Tao Jiang ◽

Qing Zhang

Keyword(s):

Zeta Potential ◽

Carbon Black ◽

High Purity ◽

Carbothermal Reduction ◽

Slip Casting ◽

Nitrogen Atmosphere ◽

Sintering Aid ◽

Floc Size ◽

Sediment Volume ◽

Slip Cast

With boron-rich slag, silica fume, bauxite chalmette and carbon black as starting materials, α-sialon/AlN/BN powder was prepared by carbothermal reduction-nitridation. The powder was attrition milled to submicron size and suspended in water. The effects of yttrium oxide as a sintering aid, pH, and addition of deflocculant on the suspensions were studied. Optimum slip casting properties, i.e. lowest viscosity values, the highest absolute zeta potential values, the smallest floc size and sediment volume were found at pH=10 for the powder. The suspensions were used to slip cast discs which were sintered in a high purity nitrogen atmosphere at 1700 °C for 2 h. The strength was about 230 MPa, the toughness 3.6 MPa•m1/2 and the hardness about 13.8 GPa.

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Sodium hydroxide-assisted desulphurization of petroleum fluid coke

Fuel ◽

10.1016/0016-2361(82)90031-x ◽

1982 ◽

Vol 61 (12) ◽

pp. 1260-1266 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Zacheria M. George ◽

Linda G. Schneider

Keyword(s):

Sodium Hydroxide ◽

Fluid Coke ◽

Petroleum Fluid

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Production of High Purity Conductive Carbon Black by High Temperature Treatment

Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Letters ◽

10.1166/nnl.2011.1266 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 3 (6) ◽

pp. 784-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Yongzhong Jin ◽

Binghong Li ◽

Zhi Zhang ◽

Min Liu ◽

Zhengping Fan

Keyword(s):

High Temperature ◽

Carbon Black ◽

High Purity ◽

Temperature Treatment ◽

High Temperature Treatment ◽

Conductive Carbon Black

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New Sources Of Carbon Black

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics ◽

10.1177/009524437700900403 ◽

1977 ◽

Vol 9 (4) ◽

pp. 376-383

Author(s):

William W. Gotshall ◽

Dudley P. Fernandes

Keyword(s):

Carbon Black ◽

Raw Material ◽

Scrap Tires ◽

Capital Costs ◽

Carbon Production ◽

Highly Active ◽

New Energy ◽

Fluid Coke ◽

High Yields ◽

Substitute Materials

The search for new or substitute rubber reinforcing materials for the rubber industry has greatly accelerated in the last few years due to two major problems facing the traditional carbon black industry — shortage of feedstocks and disproportionate increases in the price of these feedstocks. This paper discusses two promising substitute materials that potentially can replace 35—40% of the existing carbon black market. The first process produces a substitute black using fluid petroleum coke as raw material. Fluid coke is first pulverized to sub-micron particles in a non-oxidizing atmosphere, then these particles are coated to protect the highly active surfaces from oxidation until they are incorporated into the rubber. Advantages offered by this process are high profitability, low capital costs, high yields, no polluting wastes, low energy requirements (80% less than for conventional processes). The second process produces a reinforcing black from scrap automobile tires. Chopped scrap tires are pyrolyzed under conditions that maximize carbon production. This rubber char is then pulverized as described above to produce a reinforcing black. In addition to the advantages offered by the fluid coke process described above, the rubber char process further reduces new energy consumption to virtually zero since the feedstock provides all the energy required to operate the process.

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The production of high purity carbon nanotubes with high yield using cobalt formate catalyst on carbon black

Materials Letters ◽

10.1016/j.matlet.2007.02.042 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 61 (23-24) ◽

pp. 4496-4499 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

K. Dasgupta ◽

Ramani Venugopalan ◽

D. Sathiyamoorthy

Keyword(s):

Carbon Nanotubes ◽

Carbon Black ◽

High Purity ◽

High Yield

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