scholarly journals Ultrasound - first imaging modality in the detection of parathyroid adenomas

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ahmed ◽  
N Khan ◽  
S Ellemdin ◽  
K Gayaparsad
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Ultrasound Features

Abstract We present a series of 12 patients in whom the typical ultrasound features of parathyroid adenomas were accurately demonstrated. High resolution ultrasound [in experienced hands] is a highly sensitive accurate, safe and non invasive method of localizing parathyroid adenomas especially in patients with typically located glands and an absence of thyroid pathology. Our aim was to compare ultrasound with nuclear medicine as an imaging gold standard in patients with thyroid adenomas.

scholarly journals miRNAs and lncRNAs: Potential Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Endometriosis

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1662
Author(s):  
Ioana Maria Maier ◽  
Adrian Cornel Maier
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Minimally Invasive ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Long Noncoding Rnas ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Minimally Invasive Methods ◽  
Exploratory Laparoscopy

Many studies have tried to understand the mechanism of endometriosis and its manner of manifestation. However, the only method of diagnosis considered as the gold standard in endometriosis is an invasive method called exploratory laparoscopy. Hence, there is a need to identify non-invasive or minimally invasive methods to minimize patients’ suffering, thus increasing their addressability at the earliest possible staging of the disease, and to diagnose this condition as soon as possible. miRNAs (microRNAs) and lncRNAs (long-noncoding RNAs) are potential non-invasive diagnostic methods for endometriosis. Multiple clinical trials indicate that miRNA can be used as a non-invasive method in the diagnosis and differentiation of endometriosis stages.

Comparison of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Imaging Modalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nashnoush
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Whipple Procedure ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal type of cancer with an increasing incidence rate in North America. The only curative procedure of this disease is the Whipple procedure, which is restricted only to those that received an early diagnosis. The remainder of the patients are informed of a dismal prognosis and undergo palliative care through systemic chemotherapy. Multiple modalities are involved in the staging and diagnosis of this disease. However, there seems to be a controversy regarding a gold standard or whether a gold standard exists. Additionally, there are various emerging techniques that warrant heightened sensitivity and specificity in their designated modalities. Transabdominal ultrasound that is most commonly used as the first line of imaging for patients with epigastric pain is found to be virtually insensitive to neoplasms that have a size of 2 cm or less, limiting its application. However, sonographers could resort to contrasts and elastography to increase the conspicuity of the neoplasms. Moreover, endoscopic ultrasound has shown to be a promising imaging modality with an unprecedented degree of sensitivity to tumors with a diameter less than 1.5 cm. The sensitivity and specificity values of MDCT, MRI, and PET were found to be comparable. The main conclusions consist of the fact that EUS is a highly sensitive test that should be accompanied by MRI, MDCT, PET, or TUS to increase its specificity. Lastly, empathetic communication is vital not only for patient comfort but also to improve the quality of the imaging assessment.

scholarly journals Anterior high-resolution OCT in the diagnosis and management of corneal squamous hyperplasia mimicking a malignancy: a case report

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi-Syun Shen ◽  
Joseph L. Hu ◽  
Chao-Chien Hu
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Treatment Plan ◽  
Benign Lesion ◽  
Abrupt Transition ◽  
Diagnosis And Management ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Inferior Border

Abstract Background Anterior high-resolution optical coherence tomography (HR-OCT) is a novel non-invasive in vivo imaging modality that can assist in the diagnosis and management of various ophthalmic pathologies. The implementation of diagnosing ocular surface lesions has been explored in previous studies, successfully revealing specific signs in some ocular lesions. This case report aims to exhibit a case of corneal squamous hyperplasia diagnosed via anterior HR-OCT, prior to surgical intervention. Case presentation A 69 year-old male had blurred vision and foreign body sensation OD for several weeks. A rapidly-grown corneal mass was presented, showing an appearance of a grayish flesh-colored mass with elastic texture. Large vessels supplying the mass were also found. Anterior HR-OCT was performed, and the results suggested the lesion be benign hyperplasia. Superficial keratectomy was done, and the pathologic report showed mild-appearing epithelial squamous hyperplasia, which confirmed the analysis via anterior HR-OCT. Conclusion In the categorization by Nanji, et al. of corneal surface diseases using anterior OCT, the comparative epithelial thickness (normal range: 47—68 μm); inferior border obscuration of epithelium (normal or benign inferior border: no shadowing); reflectivity of epithelial layer (normal: not hyper-reflective); abrupt transition (normal: no horizontally abrupt transition); and sub-epithelium analysis vary between benign and malignant lesions (normal: demarcated anterior to Bowman’s layer), and the differences are systemically sorted. We applied all these characteristics to our patient as guidance, and the measurement results indicated the lesion be a benign lesion, which is consistent with the tissue pathology. Anterior HR-OCT is overall a non-invasive and timely method capable of assisting the diagnosis of ocular surface disease, predicting the qualities of a lesion, and determining the follow-up treatment plan.

A non-invasive method based on saliva to characterize transthyretin in familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy patients using FT-ICR high-resolution MS

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (6-7) ◽  
pp. 674-678 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonçalo da Costa ◽  
Ana Guerreiro ◽  
Catarina F. Correia ◽  
Ricardo J. Gomes ◽  
António Freire ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Familial Amyloidotic Polyneuropathy ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Ft Icr

scholarly journals Muscle Ultrasonographic Elastography in Children: Review of the Current Knowledge and Application

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Cebula ◽  
Maciej Cebula ◽  
Ilona Kopyta
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Muscular Diseases ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

Ultrasonographic elastography is a relatively new imaging modality for the qualitative and quantitative assessments of tissue elasticity. While it has steadily gained use in adult clinical practice, including for liver diseases, breast cancer, thyroid pathologies, and muscle and tendon diseases, data on its paediatric application is still limited. Moreover, diagnosis of muscular diseases in children remains challenging. The gold standard methods, namely biopsy, electroneurography, and electromyography, are often limited owing to their invasive characteristics, possible contraindications, complications, and need for good cooperation, that is, a patient’s ability to perform certain tasks during the examination while withstanding discomfort, which is a significant problem especially in younger or uncooperative children. Genetic testing, which has broad diagnostic possibilities, often entails a high cost, which limits its application. Thus, a non-invasive, objective, repeatable, and accessible tool is needed to aid in both the diagnosis and monitoring of muscle pathologies. We believe that elastography may prove to be such a method. The aim of this review was to present the current knowledge on the use of muscle elastography in the paediatric population and information on the limitations of elastography in relation to examination protocols and factors for consideration in everyday practice and future studies.

scholarly journals Longitudinal study on steroid hormone variations during the second trimester of gestation: a useful tool to confirm adequate foetal development

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvia Alonso ◽  
Sara Caceres ◽  
Daniel Vélez ◽  
Luis Sanz ◽  
Gema Silvan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Second Trimester ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Foetal Development ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Normal Ranges ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Estrone Sulphate

Abstract Background The interaction of hormonal factors are crucial for good foetal development. During the second trimester of gestation, most of the main physiological processes of foetal development occur. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the variations in the physiological levels of cortisol, estriol, estrone sulphate, and progesterone during the second trimester (weeks 12–26) in order to establish normal ranges that can serve as indicators of foetal well-being and good functioning of the foetal-placental unit. Methods Saliva samples from 106 pregnant women were collected weekly (from week 12 to week 26 of gestation), and hormonal measurements were assayed by an enzyme immunoassay. The technique used for hormone measurements was highly sensitive and served as a non-invasive method for sample collection. Results The results revealed a statistically significant (p<0.05) difference between cortisol, progesterone, and oestrogens throughout the second trimester, with a more substantial relationship between oestrogens and progesterone [P4-E3 (r=0.427); P4-E1SO4 (r=0.419)]. By analysing these hormone concentrations, statistically significant (p<0.05) elevations in progesterone, cortisol, and estriol levels were found at the 16th [(P4 (0.78±0.088), C(1.99±0.116), E3(2.513±0.114)]; 18th [(P4 (1.116±0.144), C(3.409±0.137), E3(3.043±0.123)] and 23rd week of gestation [(P4(1.36±0.153), C(1.936±0.11), E3(2.657±0.07)]. Estrone sulphate levels appeared to increase progressively throughout the second trimester [from 1.103±0.03 to 2.244±0.09]. Conclusion The 18th week of gestation seems to constitute a very important week during foetal adrenal development, and the analysis of the main hormones involved in foetal development, provided more precise information regarding the proper functioning of the foetal unit and foetal development.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE STUDY TO DETECT RENAL & URINARY TRACT CALCULI (NEPHROLITHIASIS AND UROLITHIASIS) ON ULTRASOUND AND CT.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Pracha ◽  
Amtullah Fatima ◽  
Najeebullah Alakozai ◽  
Azizullah Alakozai ◽  
Taiba Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ureteric Calculi ◽  
Urinary Tract Calculi ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Background: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality, and it is cost effective while CT in invasive that uses ionizing radiations, yet it is difficult on ultrasound to diagnose calculi in ureter hence for evaluation of ureteric calculi CT scan is gold standard modality. Objective: To compare the detection of renal& urinary tract calculi (nephrolithiasis & urolithiasis) on ultrasound and CT. Material and methods: The data bases PubMed, ProQuest, and Google scholar and research gate were searched with the key words: nephrolithiasis on ultrasound and CT, sensitivity, specificity, from 2010 to 2021. For inclusion and exclusion of studies independently screened the titles and abstracts of full and related articles. Articles that had information about nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis at ultrasound and CT and its sensitivity and specificity were included. Results:  In total, 28 studies were found on renal & urinary tract calculi at ultrasound and computed tomography. This literature review demonstrates that computed tomography is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing renal, ureteric calculi while ultrasound has low sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Ultrasound is the best modality for imaging calculi within the kidney, a well hyper echoic mass with posterior acoustic shadow is identified as stone on gray scale, color Doppler can be used for demarcation of stone. At Color Doppler twinkling artifact appears around the calculi hence it can be differentiated by hyper echoic renal sinuses but this is crucially dependant on the size and anatomical position of the stone. The ultrasonic evaluation either overestimates or misinterprets the calculi size while CT gives an exact measurement, position with authentic sensitivity and specificity. Hence, CT is the gold standard for detection of renal calculi. Recommendation: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality and it is cost effective while CT in invasive that uses ionizing radiations, yet it is difficult on ultrasound to diagnose calculi in ureter hence for evaluation of ureteric calculi CT scan is gold standard modality.

scholarly journals Accuracy of High-Resolution Computed Tomography Chest in Diagnosing Pulmonary Tuberculosis by taking AFB culture findings as Gold Standard

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1429-1430
Author(s):  
M. Amin ◽  
M. Javed ◽  
A. Noreen ◽  
M. Mehboob ◽  
N. Pasha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Sufficient Accuracy ◽  
Male Population ◽  
High Resolution Computed Tomography ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
High Resolution Ct

Aim: To determine the accuracy of high resolution CT Chest (HRCT) for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis (PTB) by taking AFB culture findings as gold standard. Methods: This validation study was conducted in patients referred for HRCT Chest for diagnosis of pulmonary tuberculosis in OPD/ Radiology unit of CH & ICH within duration of 6 months from September-2020 to February -2021. Patients with suspicion of PTB were included. In all patients, sputum samples were obtained and the AFB test was performed for diagnosis of PTB. After that high resolution CT Chest (HRCT) was performed for diagnosis of PTB. Results: Mean age was 54.67 ± 12.36 years. Male population 54% and female was 46%. AFB culture results for pulmonary. TB was positive in 44 patients and was negative in 56 patients. HRCT findings were positive for pulmonary TB in 46 patients and were negative in 54 patients (Table 1). The sensitivity of HRCT was 81.8%, specificity of HRCT was 82.1%, PPV was 78.3% and NPV was 85.2% (Table 2). Conclusion: HRCT Chest has a sufficient accuracy for PTB diagnosis taking AFB culture results as gold standard. So HRCT Chest can be opted as imaging modality of choice in patients having mixed plain radiographs findings. This will aid in early identification and starting treatment of PTB. Keywords: Accuracy, high resolution computed tomography, pulmonary tuberculosis.

scholarly journals Non-Invasive Prediction of Gastroesophageal Varices in Patients with Portal Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ran Wang ◽  
Xiaozhong Guo ◽  
Xingshun Qi
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Serum Markers ◽  
Common Complication ◽  
Gold Standard Method ◽  
Gastroesophageal Varices ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Worse Prognosis

Gastroesophageal varices are the most common complication of portal hypertension and associated with a worse prognosis. Endoscopy is the gold standard method to diagnose gastroesophageal varices. However, endoscopy is an invasive method with potential complications and is not well adhered by patients. Non-invasive methods, including serum markers or scores, computed tomography, ultrasonographic, and elastography-based methods, have been explored for the diagnosis of gastroesophageal varices. In the current chapter, we will briefly review non-invasive methods for the prediction of gastroesophageal varices.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document