scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE STUDY TO DETECT RENAL & URINARY TRACT CALCULI (NEPHROLITHIASIS AND UROLITHIASIS) ON ULTRASOUND AND CT.

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-37
Author(s):  
Mahnoor Pracha ◽  
Amtullah Fatima ◽  
Najeebullah Alakozai ◽  
Azizullah Alakozai ◽  
Taiba Aslam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Color Doppler ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Ureteric Calculi ◽  
Urinary Tract Calculi ◽  
Ionizing Radiations

Background: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality, and it is cost effective while CT in invasive that uses ionizing radiations, yet it is difficult on ultrasound to diagnose calculi in ureter hence for evaluation of ureteric calculi CT scan is gold standard modality. Objective: To compare the detection of renal& urinary tract calculi (nephrolithiasis & urolithiasis) on ultrasound and CT. Material and methods: The data bases PubMed, ProQuest, and Google scholar and research gate were searched with the key words: nephrolithiasis on ultrasound and CT, sensitivity, specificity, from 2010 to 2021. For inclusion and exclusion of studies independently screened the titles and abstracts of full and related articles. Articles that had information about nephrolithiasis, urolithiasis at ultrasound and CT and its sensitivity and specificity were included. Results:  In total, 28 studies were found on renal & urinary tract calculi at ultrasound and computed tomography. This literature review demonstrates that computed tomography is characterized by high sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing renal, ureteric calculi while ultrasound has low sensitivity and specificity. Conclusions: Ultrasound is the best modality for imaging calculi within the kidney, a well hyper echoic mass with posterior acoustic shadow is identified as stone on gray scale, color Doppler can be used for demarcation of stone. At Color Doppler twinkling artifact appears around the calculi hence it can be differentiated by hyper echoic renal sinuses but this is crucially dependant on the size and anatomical position of the stone. The ultrasonic evaluation either overestimates or misinterprets the calculi size while CT gives an exact measurement, position with authentic sensitivity and specificity. Hence, CT is the gold standard for detection of renal calculi. Recommendation: Ultrasound is a non-invasive imaging modality and it is cost effective while CT in invasive that uses ionizing radiations, yet it is difficult on ultrasound to diagnose calculi in ureter hence for evaluation of ureteric calculi CT scan is gold standard modality.

A novel use of contrast-enhanced ultrasound in uterine artery embolization

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
pp. 8
Author(s):  
Jemianne Bautista Jia ◽  
Eric Mastrolonardo ◽  
Mateen Soleman ◽  
Ilya Lekht
Keyword(s):  
Uterine Artery Embolization ◽  
Uterine Artery ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ultrasound ◽  
Artery Embolization ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Contrast Enhanced

Contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) is a cost-effective, quick, and non-invasive imaging modality that has yet to be incorporated in uterine artery embolization (UAE). We present two cases that demonstrate the utility of CEUS in UAE for the identification of uterine-ovarian collaterals which otherwise can result in ineffective fibroid treatment and non-target embolization.

Comparison of Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Imaging Modalities

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Mohamed Nashnoush
Keyword(s):  
Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Epigastric Pain ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Whipple Procedure ◽  
Patient Comfort ◽  
Ductal Adenocarcinoma ◽  
Dismal Prognosis ◽  
Highly Sensitive

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a fatal type of cancer with an increasing incidence rate in North America. The only curative procedure of this disease is the Whipple procedure, which is restricted only to those that received an early diagnosis. The remainder of the patients are informed of a dismal prognosis and undergo palliative care through systemic chemotherapy. Multiple modalities are involved in the staging and diagnosis of this disease. However, there seems to be a controversy regarding a gold standard or whether a gold standard exists. Additionally, there are various emerging techniques that warrant heightened sensitivity and specificity in their designated modalities. Transabdominal ultrasound that is most commonly used as the first line of imaging for patients with epigastric pain is found to be virtually insensitive to neoplasms that have a size of 2 cm or less, limiting its application. However, sonographers could resort to contrasts and elastography to increase the conspicuity of the neoplasms. Moreover, endoscopic ultrasound has shown to be a promising imaging modality with an unprecedented degree of sensitivity to tumors with a diameter less than 1.5 cm. The sensitivity and specificity values of MDCT, MRI, and PET were found to be comparable. The main conclusions consist of the fact that EUS is a highly sensitive test that should be accompanied by MRI, MDCT, PET, or TUS to increase its specificity. Lastly, empathetic communication is vital not only for patient comfort but also to improve the quality of the imaging assessment.

scholarly journals Ultrasound - first imaging modality in the detection of parathyroid adenomas

2008 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 64 ◽  
Author(s):  
R Ahmed ◽  
N Khan ◽  
S Ellemdin ◽  
K Gayaparsad
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Medicine ◽  
High Resolution ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Highly Sensitive ◽  
Parathyroid Adenomas ◽  
Thyroid Adenomas ◽  
Invasive Method ◽  
Ultrasound Features

Abstract We present a series of 12 patients in whom the typical ultrasound features of parathyroid adenomas were accurately demonstrated. High resolution ultrasound [in experienced hands] is a highly sensitive accurate, safe and non invasive method of localizing parathyroid adenomas especially in patients with typically located glands and an absence of thyroid pathology. Our aim was to compare ultrasound with nuclear medicine as an imaging gold standard in patients with thyroid adenomas.

scholarly journals Contrast versus non-contrast CT in urinary tract calculi

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 818
Author(s):  
Sofyan Faidah ◽  
Alyaa Banjar ◽  
Jaber Zarbah ◽  
Sarah Alfaer ◽  
Mohammed Alshulayyil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Urinary Calculi ◽  
Flank Pain ◽  
Ct Scans ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Urinary Tract Calculi ◽  
Diagnostic Modalities ◽  
Contrast Ct

The incidence and prevalence of urinary tract calculi has increased significantly during the past decade. Accurate fast diagnostic modalities were developed to cope with such an increased trend. To date, non-contrast CT scan remains the diagnostic modality of choice for evaluation of patients with urinary tract calculi. However, contrast CT scans are gaining more interest. In this review, both diagnostic modalities were reviewed with the advantages and disadvantages of each. Non-contrast CT scan is a rapid, accurate, less hazardous, less expensive imaging modality that has a high sensitivity in detection of urinary calculi as small as 3 mm. However, it cannot evaluate other probable causes of flank pain. Thus, contrast CT scans can be used in situations where clinical presentation is suspicious and the possibility of other differential diagnoses is considered. Contrast CT scans do not decrease the sensitivity of detecting urinary calculi, and they do have a higher sensitivity in detecting small grades of obstruction as well as evaluating other possible causes of flank pain such as neoplasms, infectious, or inflammatory aetiologies. 

scholarly journals Muscle Ultrasonographic Elastography in Children: Review of the Current Knowledge and Application

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 1042
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Cebula ◽  
Maciej Cebula ◽  
Ilona Kopyta
Keyword(s):  
Gold Standard ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Imaging Modality ◽  
Paediatric Population ◽  
Muscular Diseases ◽  
Tissue Elasticity ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Quantitative Assessments

Ultrasonographic elastography is a relatively new imaging modality for the qualitative and quantitative assessments of tissue elasticity. While it has steadily gained use in adult clinical practice, including for liver diseases, breast cancer, thyroid pathologies, and muscle and tendon diseases, data on its paediatric application is still limited. Moreover, diagnosis of muscular diseases in children remains challenging. The gold standard methods, namely biopsy, electroneurography, and electromyography, are often limited owing to their invasive characteristics, possible contraindications, complications, and need for good cooperation, that is, a patient’s ability to perform certain tasks during the examination while withstanding discomfort, which is a significant problem especially in younger or uncooperative children. Genetic testing, which has broad diagnostic possibilities, often entails a high cost, which limits its application. Thus, a non-invasive, objective, repeatable, and accessible tool is needed to aid in both the diagnosis and monitoring of muscle pathologies. We believe that elastography may prove to be such a method. The aim of this review was to present the current knowledge on the use of muscle elastography in the paediatric population and information on the limitations of elastography in relation to examination protocols and factors for consideration in everyday practice and future studies.

scholarly journals OP0318 THE ROLE OF DUAL ENERGY COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (DECT) IN THE DIFFERENTIATION OF GOUT AND CALCIUM PYROPHOSPHATE DEPOSITION DISEASE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 196.2-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Kravchenko ◽  
P. Karakostas ◽  
P. Brossart ◽  
C. Behning ◽  
C. Meyer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Dual Energy Computed Tomography ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Calcium Pyrophosphate Deposition Disease

Background:Differentiation of gout and calcium pyrophosphate deposition disease (CPPD) is sometimes difficult as patients often present with a similar clinical picture. Arthrocentesis and subsequent polarization microscopy (PM) remains the gold standard but novel diagnostic approaches such as non-invasive dual energy computed tomography (DECT) have recently been validated for gout. Currently, limited data is available on DECT in patients with CPPD.Objectives:To analyse the diagnostic impact of DECT in gout and CPPD when compared to the gold standard of PM. We further compared the results of PM to ultrasound (US), conventional radiographs (CR), and suspected clinical diagnosis (SCD). Additionally, 15 laboratory parameters were analysed.Methods:Twenty-six patients diagnosed with gout (n = 18) or CPPD (n = 8) who received a DECT and underwent arthrocentesis were included. Two independent readers assessed colour coded, as well as 80 and 120 kV DECT images for signs of monosodium urate (MSU) crystals or CPP deposition. US and CR from the patient’s initial visit along with the SCD were also compared to PM. US examinations were performed by certified musculoskeletal ultrasound specialists. The association of up to 15 laboratory parameters such as uric acid, thyroid stimulating hormone, and C-reactive protein (CRP) with the PM results was analysed.Results:Sensitivity of DECT for gout was 67% (95% CI 0.41-0.87) with a specificity of 88% (95% CI 0.47-1.0). Concerning CPPD, the sensitivity and specificity of DECT was 63% (95% CI 0.25-0.91) and 83% (95% CI 0.59-0.96) respectively. US had the highest sensitivity of 89% (95% CI 0.65-0.99) with a specificity of 75% (95% CI 0.35-0.97) for gout, while the sensitivity and specificity for CPPD were 88% (95% CI 0.47-1.0) and 89% (95% CI 0.65-0.99) respectively. The SCD had the second highest sensitivity for gout at 78% (95% CI 0.52-0.94) with a comparable sensitivity of 63% (95% CI 0.25-0.92) for CPPD. Uric acid levels were elevated in 33% of gout patients and 25% of CPPD patients. While elevated CRP levels were observed in 59% of gout patients and in 88% of CPPD patients, none of the 15 analysed laboratory parameters were found to be significantly linked.Conclusion:DECT provides a non-invasive diagnostic tool for gout but might have a lower sensitivity than suggested by previous studies (67% vs 90%1). DECT sensitivity for CPPD was 63% (95% CI 0.25-0.91) in a sample group of eight patients. Both US and the SCD had higher sensitivities than DECT for gout and CPPD. Further studies with larger patient cohorts are needed in order to determine the diagnostic utility of DECT in CPPD.References:[1]Bongartz, Tim; Glazebrook, Katrina N.; Kavros, Steven J.; Murthy, Naveen S.; Merry, Stephen P.; Franz, Walter B. et al. (2015): Dual-energy CT for the diagnosis of gout: an accuracy and diagnostic yield study. InAnnals of the rheumatic diseases74 (6), pp. 1072–1077. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2013-205095.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Comparison of Phenotypic Tests and an Immunochromatographic Assay and Development of a New Algorithm for Detection of OXA-48-like Carbapenemases

2016 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-883 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian Koroska ◽  
Stephan Göttig ◽  
Martin Kaase ◽  
Jörg Steinmann ◽  
Sören Gatermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Molecular Detection ◽  
Specific Inhibitor ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Immunochromatographic Assay ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class A ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Disk Test

ABSTRACT OXA-48 is the most prevalent carbapenemase in Enterobacteriaceae in Europe and the Middle East, but it is frequently missed because many isolates display low MICs for carbapenems. Furthermore, in contrast to metallo-β-lactamases or Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (KPC), no specific inhibitor is available for the phenotypic detection of OXA-48. Molecular detection of bla OXA-48 is the “gold standard” but is not available in many laboratories. A few phenotypic assays have been described but have not been independently evaluated. The aim of this study was the systematic comparison of phenotypic tests and an immunochromatographic assay (ICT) for the detection of OXA-48/OXA-48-like carbapenemases and the development of an algorithm for reliable phenotypic detection of OXA-48. Four phenotypic tests (temocillin disk test, faropenem disk test, OXA-48 disk test, and high-inoculum [HI] OXA-48 disk test) and a new ICT (OXA-48 K -SeT) were compared by using a set of 166 Enterobacteriaceae isolates, including isolates producing OXA-48/OXA-48-like carbapenemases ( n = 84) or Ambler class A and B carbapenemases ( n = 41) and carbapenemase-negative isolates ( n = 41). The sensitivity and specificity for the different assays were 100% and 43.9% for temocillin, 57.1% and 98.8% for faropenem, 53.6% and 100% for the OXA-48 disk test, 98.8% and 97.6% for the HI OXA-48 disk test, and 100% and 100% for the ICT, respectively. The ICT displayed the highest sensitivity and specificity and was the most rapid assay, but it is more costly than phenotypic assays. Based on these results, a new algorithm incorporating temocillin, faropenem, and ICT which allows cost-effective detection of OXA-48 with 100% sensitivity and specificity was developed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of RNA extraction free method for detection of SARS-COV-2 in salivary samples for mass screening for COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sally A. Mahmoud ◽  
Esra Ibrahim ◽  
Subhashini Ganesan ◽  
Bhagyashree Thakre ◽  
Juliet G Teddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Gold Standard ◽  
Rna Extraction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
High Specificity ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Kappa Coefficient ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Good Percentage

AbstractIn this current COVID - 19 pandemic, there is a dire need for cost effective and less time-consuming alternatives for SARS-COV-2 testing. The RNA extraction free method for detecting SARS-COV-2 in saliva is a promising option, this study found that it has high sensitivity (85.34%), specificity (95.04%) and was comparable to the gold standard nasopharyngeal swab. The method showed good percentage of agreement (kappa coefficient) 0.797 between salivary and NPS samples. However, there are variations in the sensitivity and specificity based on the RT-PCR kit used. The Thermo Fischer-Applied biosystems showed high sensitivity, PPV and NPV but also showed higher percentage of invalid reports. Whereas the BGI kit showed high specificity, better agreement (kappa coefficient) between the results of saliva and NPS samples and higher correlation between the Ct values of saliva and NPS samples. Thus, the RNA extraction free method for salivary sample serves as an effective alternative for SARS-CoV 2-testing.

scholarly journals Improved Non-Invasive Diagnosis of Bladder Cancer with an Electronic Nose: A Large Pilot Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 4984
Author(s):  
PierFrancesco Bassi ◽  
Luca Di Gianfrancesco ◽  
Luigi Salmaso ◽  
Mauro Ragonese ◽  
Giuseppe Palermo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Pilot Study ◽  
Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Electronic Nose ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Combination Method ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Phase 2 Study ◽  
Sensitivity Specificity

Background: Bladder cancer (BCa) emits specific volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the urine headspace that can be detected by an electronic nose. The diagnostic performance of an electronic nose in detecting BCa was investigated in a pilot study. Methods: A prospective, single-center, controlled, non-randomized, phase 2 study was carried out on 198 consecutive subjects (102 with proven BCa, 96 controls). Urine samples were evaluated with an electronic nose provided with 32 volatile gas analyzer sensors. The tests were repeated at least two times per sample. Accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, and variability were evaluated using mainly the non-parametric combination method, permutation tests, and discriminant analysis classification. Results: Statistically significant differences between BCa patients and controls were reported by 28 (87.5%) of the 32 sensors. The overall discriminatory power, sensitivity, and specificity were 78.8%, 74.1%, and 76%, respectively; 13/96 (13.5%) controls and 29/102 (28.4%) BCa patients were misclassified as false positive and false negative, respectively. Where the most efficient sensors were selected, the sensitivity and specificity increased up to 91.1% (72.5–100) and 89.1% (81–95.8), respectively. None of the tumor characteristics represented independent predictors of device responsiveness. Conclusions: The electronic nose might represent a potentially reliable, quick, accurate, and cost-effective tool for non-invasive BCa diagnosis.

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