scholarly journals Faktore wat die fenologie van Ursinia cakilefolia, ’n efemeer van Namakwaland, beïnvloed

1996 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 109-115
Author(s):  
H. M. Steyn
Keyword(s):  
Sowing Date ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Flower Buds ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Distinct Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Response To Temperature ◽  
Further Development ◽  
Ephemeral Species

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of temperature and sowing date on the phenology of Ursinia cakilefolia, a Namaqualand ephemeral species. Seeds were sown on different dates and plants were subjected to various temperature treatments. Sowing date had a distinct effect on the growth and phenology of the plants. From the results it seems that temperature plays an important role in the timing of phenological stages. However, the effect of temperature differed between sowing dates. The plant's response to temperature is apparently modified by the prevailing photoperiod, although it may also be due to an endogenous rhythm. Generally it seems as if plants require cold temperatures from sowing until the initiation of flower buds, after which the plants need heat for anthesis and further development.

scholarly journals Temperature Response of Chickpea Cultivars to Races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris, Causal Agent of Fusarium Wilt

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 365-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blanca B. Landa ◽  
Juan A. Navas-Cortés ◽  
María del Mar Jiménez-Gasco ◽  
Jaacov Katan ◽  
Baruch Retig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
High Level ◽  
Moderately Resistant ◽  
Chickpea Cultivars

Use of resistant cultivars and adjustment of sowing dates are important measures for management of Fusarium wilt in chickpeas (Cicer arietinum). In this study, we examined the effect of temperature on resistance of chickpea cultivars to Fusarium wilt caused by various races of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Greenhouse experiments indicated that the chickpea cultivar Ayala was moderately resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris when inoculated plants were maintained at a day/night temperature regime of 24/21°C but was highly susceptible to the pathogen at 27/25°C. Field experiments in Israel over three consecutive years indicated that the high level of resistance of Ayala to Fusarium wilt when sown in mid- to late January differed from a moderately susceptible reaction under warmer temperatures when sowing was delayed to late February or early March. Experiments in growth chambers showed that a temperature increase of 3°C from 24 to 27°C was sufficient for the resistance reaction of cultivars Ayala and PV-1 to race 1A of the pathogen to shift from moderately or highly resistant at constant 24°C to highly susceptible at 27°C. A similar but less pronounced effect was found when Ayala plants were inoculated with F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris race 6. Conversely, the reaction of cultivar JG-62 to races 1A and 6 was not influenced by temperature, but less disease developed on JG-62 plants inoculated with a variant of race 5 of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris at 27°C compared with plants inoculated at 24°C. These results indicate the importance of appropriate adjustment of temperature in tests for characterizing the resistance reactions of chickpea cultivars to the pathogen, as well as when determining the races of isolates of F. oxysporum f. sp. ciceris. Results from this study may influence choice of sowing date and use of chickpea cultivars for management of Fusarium wilt of chickpea.

Effect of Sowing Dates and Maize Cultivars in Growth and Yield of Maize along with their Agro-Climatic Indices in Nawalparasi, Nepal

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
UMESH SHRESTHA ◽  
LAL PRASAD AMGAIN ◽  
TIKA BAHADUR KARKI ◽  
KHEM RAJ DAHAL ◽  
JIBAN SHRESTHA
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Climatic Indices ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Research Period ◽  
Late Sowing

A field experiment on different maize cultivars planted at different sowing dates were accomplished at Kawasoti-5, Nawalparasi during spring season of 2013 to find suitable sowing date and maize cultivar for the location. Along with this, effect of sowing dates and maize cultivars on different agro-climatic indices were also calculated using formulas. Result showed that RML- 4/RML-17 produced higher kernel rows ear-1 (13.77), kernel per row (30.42) and test weight (244.9 g). Significantly higher grain yield was also found for RML-4/RML-17 (6.03 tha-1) compared to Poshilo makai-1 (4.73 t ha-1), Arun-2 (3.55 t ha-1) and Local (2.92 t ha-1). Earlier sowing date (7th April) produced higher kernel row-1 (27.97), kernel rows ear-1 (12.89) and 1000 grain weight (230 g). Significantly higher grain yield (5.13t ha-1) was obtained in earlier sowing date (7th April). Although the mean ambient temperature during research period was increasing with delayed sowing, days to attain different phenological stages decreased with late sowing. The statistically similar GDD was recorded for different sowing dates and higher PTI values were noticed with delay in planting. Similarly, heat use efficiency (HUE) was found higher in early sowing date. Arun-2 had small reduction in HUE so, it can be considered stable and best cultivar among the tested cultivars.

Final grain weight in wheat as affected by short periods of high temperature during pre- and post-anthesis under field conditions

1999 ◽  
Vol 26 (5) ◽  
pp. 453 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roxana Savin ◽  
Daniel F. Calderini ◽  
Gustavo A. Slafer ◽  
Leonor G. Abeledo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Temperature Treatment ◽  
Grain Weight ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
High Temperature Treatment ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Grain Filling Period ◽  
Response To Temperature

Individual grain weight is an important source of variation for grain yield in wheat. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of short periods of high temperature immediately pre-anthesis, or during post-anthesis, on grain weight under field conditions. Thus, two wheat cultivars of different grain weight potential were sown on four different sowing dates to provide different temperature conditions during the pre- and post-anthesis periods. In addition, for two sowings, acrylic boxes were installed to increase spike temperature either immediately before anthesis, or during the lineal phase of the grain-filling period. Final grain weight was significantly affected by sowing date, genotype and grain position on the spike. Grain weight showed a clear relationship with the average temperature of the grain filling period, but this relationship was either linear or curvilinear, depending on the cultivar. Both high temperature treatments, i.e. at pre- or post-anthesis, significantly diminished final grain weight, and their effect was similar with the exception of heavier grains, which were unresponsive to the high temperature treatment at pre-anthesis. Finally, a better understanding of final grain weight was reached when temperatures from the pre-anthesis period were included in the analysis of grain weight response to temperature.

scholarly journals Sowing date and maize response to the splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization

2020 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 316-324
Author(s):  
Hugo François Kuneski ◽  
Luis Sangoi ◽  
Antonio Eduardo Coelho ◽  
Lucieli Santini Leolato ◽  
Marcos Cardoso Martins Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Agronomic Efficiency ◽  
High Productivity ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Maize Response ◽  
Different Growth Stages ◽  
Late Sowing

The splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization with the application of a nitrogen dose at maize tasseling may increase grain yield, mainly when the crop is sown at the most favorable date to achieve high productivity. This research was carried out to evaluate the effect of sowing date on the response of maize to the splitting of nitrogen side-dressing fertilization at different growth stages. Two sowing dates were tested: preferential (10/15/2015 and 09/20/2016) and late (12/5/2015 and 12/5/2016). Six nitrogen side-dressing management treatments were evaluated at each sowing date: control without N; complete nitrogen rate applied at phenological stages V5, V10 and VT; ½ N rate at V5 + ½ N rate at V10; and ⅓ N rate at V5 + ⅓ N rate at V10 + ⅓ N rate at VT. The N rate was equivalent to 300 kg ha-1. Grain yield ranged from 8.9 to 15.3 t ha-1 in Lages and from 7.4 to 16.4 t ha-1 in Atalanta. There were no significant differences in grain yield and agronomic efficiency of nitrogen use (AE) among the treatments with the entire N side-dressing fertilization at V5 and V10 and those when the nutrient was split into two or three times, regardless of sowing date. AE was higher when the crop was sown at the preferential sowing date than in the late sowing date, regardless of N side-dressing application. The splitting of nitrogen fertilization up to the crop tasseling did not increase maize grain yield or AE.

scholarly journals Estimation of Temperature Co-Efficient of Wheat for Adjusting Proper Sowing Time

2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-80
Author(s):  
AA Begum ◽  
MAK Mian ◽  
J Rahman ◽  
MM Khanum ◽  
MZ Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Physiological Maturity ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Late Sowing

The field experiment was conducted at Agronomy research field, Joydebpur, Gazipur (Latitude: 23.999941, Longitude: 90.420273), RARS, Jamalpur (Latitude: 24.923025, Longitude: 89.950111) and ARS, Rajbari, Dinajpur (Latitude: 25.63544, Longitude: 88.65144) of BARI during rabi of 2018 – 2019 to observe the growth behavior and yield of wheat as influenced by prevailing air temperature based on sowing time. There were five sowing dates viz., D1 = 10 November, D2 =20 November, D3 = 30 November, D4=10 December and D5=20 December. Sowing date showed great influence on TDM production, LAI, physiological maturity, yield and yield components of wheat. 30 November sowing produced the maximum TDM and LAI followed by 20 November sowing. These parameters finally contributed to higher grain yield than earlier and later sowing date. The crop sown on 30 November took the longest period (105, 106 and 109 days, respectively) to attain the physiological maturity with the highest GDD (1639, 1638 and 1640  respectively) and 20 December sown crop took the shortest period (95 , 96  and 98 days  respectively) to attain the physiological maturity with the lowest GDD (1530, 1528 and 1525 at Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Rajbari, respectively).It was also found that 30 November sown crop produced the higher grain yield (4.90 t ha-1, 4.99 t ha-1 and 5.03 t ha-1 at Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Rajbari, respectively).The results revealed that 20-30 November sowing produced higher grain yield might be due to favourable air temperature for growth and development. Late sowing after November 30 produced lower grain yield due to high temperature prevailed at the later growth stage (March) of wheat at Joydebpur, Jamalpur and Rajbari region. The temperature co-efficient of wheat was estimated at 2.41 t ha-1 (1.95-2.89 t ha-1) indicated grain yield reduced 2.41 t ha-1 per 1°C increased of air temperature and effect of temperature on the grain yield of wheat was estimated at 81-84%. Bangladesh Agron. J. 2020, 23(2): 69-80

Agronomic studies on irrigated soybean in southern New South Wales. I. Phenological adaptation of genotypes to sowing date

2011 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. G. Gaynor ◽  
R. J. Lawn ◽  
A. T. James
Keyword(s):  
Linear Function ◽  
Seed Size ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Companion Paper ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Cold Temperatures ◽  
Sowing Dates

Serial sowing date studies were used to examine the response of a diverse range of soybean genotypes to sowing date in the Murrumbidgee Irrigation Area (MIA). The aim was to explore the scope to improve the flexibility for rotating irrigated summer soybean crops with winter cereals by broadening the range of potential sowing dates. Serial sowings of diverse genotypes were made in small plots at intervals of ~7 days (2006–07) or 10 days (2007–08) from late November to late January (2006–07) or mid-February (2007–08) and the dates of flowering and maturity recorded. Simple linear models relating rate of development towards flowering to photo-thermal variables indicated that large differences in time to flowering between genotypes, sowing dates, and years could be explained in terms of differences in genotype sensitivity to mean photoperiod and/or mean daily temperature between sowing and flowering. In general, warmer temperatures hastened and longer days delayed flowering, consistent with quantitative short-day photoperiodic response. The earliest flowering genotypes were insensitive to the prevailing photoperiods, and their smaller variations in time to flower over sowing dates and years were related to temperature. Conversely, later flowering genotypes were progressively more sensitive to photoperiod, with flowering occurring later and being more responsive to sowing date. In both seasons, late maturing genotype × sowing date combinations suffered cold temperature damage and frosting. For those genotype × sowing date combinations that were physiologically mature before the first frost, crop duration was a linear function (r2 = 0.86**) of time to flowering. In 2007–08, measurements were also made at maturity of total standing dry matter (TDM), seed yield, and seed size. For those genotype × sowing date combinations that matured before the first frost, TDM was largely a linear function (r2 = 0.83**) of crop duration, while seed yield was strongly related (r2 = 0.86**) to TDM. Exposure to cold temperatures before physiological maturity reduced seed size and harvest index. Using the generalised relations developed in these studies, it was concluded that commercial yields may be possible for irrigated soybean crops in the MIA sown in December or possibly later. These options are evaluated in greater detail in the companion paper, using large-scale agronomic trials of a subset of adapted genotypes.

Effect of temperature and moisture potential on germination and emergence in Lotus sp

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1119 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Blumenthal ◽  
SC Aston ◽  
CJ Pearson
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Field Emergence ◽  
Autumn And Winter ◽  
Moisture Potential

Two controlled cabinet experiments compared the germination of 6 Lotus genotypes over a range of temperature (0-40�C) and moisture potentials (0 to -1.2 MPa). A field experiment compared the emergence of 5 Lotus genotypes over 18 sowing dates. Lotus cornzculatus cv. Grasslands Goldie. L. uliginosus, Grasslands Maku, G4703, G4704. and cv. Sharnae were included in both the controlled cabinet and field experiments. Lotus suaveolens CPI 35903 was included in the controlled cabinet experiments only and Trifolium repens cv. Haifa was included as a control in the field study. Of the commercially available Lotus cultivars, Grasslands Goldie provides the greatest flexibility in terms of sowing date in coastal New South Wales and could be successfully sown even in late autumn and winter as it had the lowest base temperature for germination and field emergence. G4703, Sharnae, and G4704 had a lower base moisture potential for germination than the other 3 Lotus genotypes but this was not translated to better field emergence. Lotus suaveolens had an extremely low base temperature for germination (l�C) compared with L. uliginosus cv. Grasslands Maku (6.4�C). Hybridisation of this species with both L. corniculatus and L. uliginosus could result in germplasm capable of germinating better at low temperature but still able to maintain the perenniality, rhizomatous habit, and presence of condensed tannin of L. uliginosus.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE AND SOIL MOISTURE ON TIME OF EMERGENCE OF TOMATOES AND FOUR WEED SPECIES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 877-886 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. E. WEAVER ◽  
C. S. TAN ◽  
P. BRAIN
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Lycopersicon Esculentum ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Cumulative Distribution ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Time Required ◽  
Response To Temperature

The relative times to emergence of seedlings of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum L.) and four weed species were compared at five alternating temperatures and five levels of available soil moisture in a growth chamber. Weed seeds were sown either on the soil surface or 1.5 cm below it. A cumulative distribution function was used to describe the time required for emergence under a given set of conditions. Time to 50% emergence, base temperatures and accumulated degree days required for 50% emergence were calculated for each species. In general, total emergence decreased as soil moisture decreased, but the species differed in the optimum temperature for emergence. Time to 50% emergence decreased with increasing temperature and increased slightly with decreasing soil moisture. Base temperatures and thermal times required for 50% emergence varied among species, but were relatively insensitive to soil moisture above a critical level. Differences in relative times to emergence of crop and weeds in response to temperature can be used to suggest optimal crop sowing dates and to estimate potential crop yield losses.Key words: Germination, Solanum ptycanthum, Amaranthus powellii, Setaria viridis, Chenopodium album, Lycopersicon esculentum

Phenological development and grain yield of canola as affected by sowing date and climate variation in the Yangtze River Basin of China

2012 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sha Wang ◽  
Enli Wang ◽  
Fei Wang ◽  
Liang Tang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Variability ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Yangtze River ◽  
Yangtze River Basin ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
The Yangtze River ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
The Yangtze River Basin

Canola is a major oil crop in the Yangtze River Basin of China, and its yield and oil content vary significantly from year to year due to changes in sowing time and inter-annual climate variability. However, there have been no studies to quantify the impacts of sowing time and climate variability. Experimental data to analyse the response of canola growth to sowing date are limited to a few seasons; however, combining these data with modelling provides an efficient means to study the impact of sowing date and historical climate variation. The APSIM-Canola model was calibrated and tested using data from three field experimental sites in the Yangtze River Basin. These experiments included different cultivars and sowing dates, and recorded major phenological stages, biomass, and grain yield. After calibration of the phenological parameters and maximum harvest index, the model was able to simulate the onset of phenological stages with different sowing dates, and to explain 75% of the variation in biomass and yield caused by late sowings. However, the model overestimated canola yield under late sowing dates. The results revealed that canola yield declined linearly with late sowing time, mainly due to shortened vegetative growth stages, and varied significantly due to inter-annual climate variability. The yield potential at the study region is ~3 t/ha, on average. However, this potential cannot be achieved in the rice–canola double-cropping system due to later sowing time after rice harvest in mid–later October. Transplanting canola may still be an effective measure against the constraint of season length to achieving higher yields of both rice and canola.

EFFECT OF SOWING DATE ON GRAIN YIELD OF CRAB GRASS

2001 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 293-297
Author(s):  
S. O. Bakare ◽  
M. G. M. Kolo ◽  
J. A. Oladiran
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Interaction Effect ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Sowing Dates

There was a significant interaction effect between the variety and the sowing date for the number of productive tillers, indicating that the response to sowing date varied with the variety. A significant reduction in the number of productive tillers became evident when sowing was delayed till 26 June in the straggling variety as compared to sowing dates in May. Lower numbers of productive tillers were also recorded when the sowing of the erect variety was further delayed till 10 July. The grain yield data showed that it is not advisable to sow the straggling variety later than 12 June, while sowing may continue till about 26 June for the erect variety in the study area.

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