scholarly journals Vital soil as basis for sustainable soil management, a survey of soil problems in The Netherlands and the way to tackle it, with an assessment for the South African situation

2006 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 300-317 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Eijsackers ◽  
M. Maboeta ◽  
P. Doelman
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Living System ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Land Surfaces

In the past decades, soils in South Africa as well as The Netherlands have become increasingly deteriorated as a result of chemical and physical factors. Soil contamination, acidification, desiccation and erosion have caused negative impacts on land surfaces which are still on the increase. Soil functions like primary plant production, natural soil water clean up, basis and substrate for the above ground biodiversity and food chains, have become completely or partially impaired. The awareness, that soil is a vital and living system has to become the basis of soil policy and soil management. This paper is a plea for such an approach. It describes the various threats, what a vital soil is and which factors play a key role in this vital system: soil structure, buffer capacity, organic matter content, and the variety of soil organisms. It also indicates how the vitality of the soil should be monitored.

scholarly journals PENGGUNAAN KOMPOS BAGASE UNTUK MENGOPTIMALKAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN TERUNG (Solanum melongena L.)

HORTUSCOLER ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
Risa Selfiani ◽  
Darmansyah Darmansyah
Keyword(s):  
Crop Production ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Solanum Melongena ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Market Potential ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Chemical Fertilizers ◽  
Food Ingredient ◽  
Environmentally Sustainable

Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) is a plant species that is known as the fruit and vegetables grown for use as a food ingredient. These plants belong to one group of plants that produce seeds Eggplant Trunk divided into two kinds, namely the main stem and branching. Eggplant leaf consists of a petiole and the leaf blade. Eggplant flowers are hermaphrodite flowers, or better known as the bisexual flowers, the flowers are one of the stamen to the pistil. Eggplant fruit is the fruit of a true single.. Cultivation of eggplant in the Project of Independent Business is using composting technology bagase. Bagase compost is compost that comes from bagasse or the rest of the sugar mill. Bagase own compost organic matter content of about 90%, N content of 0,3%, 0,02% P2O5, K20 0,14%, Ca 0,06% and 0,04% Mg. The project goal independent business is the use of compost bagase on the cultivation of eggplant to reduce the use of chemical fertilizers and optimize plant production eggplant, farming systems semi-organic environmentally sustainable and analyze the feasibility of cultivation of eggplant with market potential in Payakumbuh and the District Fifty City. Independent business projects implemented during the four months from September to December 2015 and conducted experiments dikebun State Agricultural Polytechnic Payakumbuh with total area of ​​300 m2. Eggplant crop production on the independent business projects with the use of compost bagase treatment that is 575 Kg/300 m2, a profit of Rp. 835.310, the profitability of 92% and RC Ratio of 1,92.

scholarly journals Barriers and Facilitators for Adopting Sustainable Soil Management Practices in Mediterranean Olive Groves

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 506 ◽  
Author(s):  
José A. Aznar-Sánchez ◽  
Juan F. Velasco-Muñoz ◽  
Belén López-Felices ◽  
Fernando del Moral-Torres
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Soil ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Carbon Sink ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Sustainable Practices ◽  
Sustainable Soil Management ◽  
Sustainable Agricultural Practices

Soil is a fundamental resource, subject to severe and quick degradation processes because of the pressure of human activities, particularly in many regions of the Mediterranean where agriculture is an important economic activity. It has been proven that the use of sustainable soil management practices can potentially give rise to the creation of a carbon sink, an increase of soil organic matter content, the maintenance of crop productivity and a reduction in erosion. Despite the existence of scientific evidence about the benefits generated by the use of sustainable practices on soil, many farmers are reluctant to adopt them. The objective of this study is to identify and give a hierarchical structure to the factors that condition the adoption of sustainable practices in the management of agricultural soil. The case of olive tree cultivation in Southeast Spain has been studied, using a participatory qualitative methodology. The results show a series of seven principal barriers (information, costs, risk aversion, characteristics of the farm and sustainable practices, macro factors, and cultural barriers) and five facilitators (technology, farmer training, awareness, incentives, and social pressure) for the adoption of the proposed sustainable agricultural practices. The principal political and legislative actions proposed to increase the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices include: administrative control, fostering environmental awareness, technical knowledge, and on-farm demonstrations; and, on the economic and financial level, incorporation of both general incentives and subsidizing specific costs. This study contributes to the development and discussion of intervention proposals that are designed to stimulate the implementation of sustainable practices in agricultural soil management.

scholarly journals Effect of Different Factors on the Adsorption of Phosphamidon on Two Different Types of Indian Soil

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 583-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dhirendra Singh
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Adsorption Isotherms ◽  
Alluvial Soil ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Clay Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Standard Entropy ◽  
Indian Soil ◽  
Different Types

The effect of exchangeable cations (H+ and Na+). autoclaving, organic matter, anionic surfactants and temperature on the adsorption of phosphamidon on two different types of Indian soil was studied. The adsorption isotherms for all the effects/treatments were in close agreement with the Freundlich equation and yielded S-shaped isotherms. The amount of phosphamidon adsorbed in all cases was higher in medium black (silt loam) soil than alluvial soil (sandy loam) and was related to the organic matter content, clay content, CaCO3 content, surface area and cation-exchange capacity of the soils. The adsorption on both types of soil follows the order H+-soil > Na+-soil > natural soil at 10°C > natural soil at 20°C > autoclaved soil > organic matter-removed soil > anionic surfactant > natural soil at 40°C, which was in accordance with the Freundlich constant, KF, and distribution coefficient, Kd, values. The adsorption capacity of phosphamidon for organic matter and clay content for both the soils was evaluated by calculating the Kom and Kc values when it was found that phosphamidon adsorption was better correlated with the clay content than with the orgnic matter content on the basis of adsorption isotherms. Various thermodynamic parameters such as the thermodynamic equilibrium constant (K0), the standard free energy (ΔG0), the standard enthalpy (ΔH0) and the standard entropy (ΔS0) changes have been calculated as a means of predicting the nature of the isotherms.

scholarly journals The Cs-137 contamination of soils in the Netherlands and its consequences for the contamination of crop products.

1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-346
Author(s):  
M.J. Frissel ◽  
J.F. Stoutjesdijk ◽  
A.C. Koolwijk ◽  
H.W. Koster
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Plant Transfer ◽  
Analysis Programme ◽  
Averaging Time ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Space Effects

On 2-4 May 1986 the Netherlands was contaminated with radioactive caesium originating from the nuclear accident at Chernobyl. Radiation measurements indicated that the major part of the contamination was associated with rainfall. A sampling and analysis programme confirmed this assumption. To estimate the uptake of Cs-134 and Cs-137 by crops in the future, use was made of the data of the Soil-to-Plant Transfer working group of the IUR (International Union of Radioecologists). The IUR data provide predictor values for the transfer of radionuclides for particular types of crops and soils. Correction factors are presented for the impact of pH, organic matter content and reduction of the availability of radionuclides with time. Uncertainties associated with averaging time and space effects and local differences as well as 95% confidence limits are provided. The predicted levels for edible parts of crops in the Netherlands vary between 0.1 and 10 Bq kg-1 on a dry weight base. On a fresh weight base these values are even lower. The predicted transfer values are compared with results of uptake experiments at RIVM. It can be concluded that, for the range of conditions tested, there is no indication of severe deviations from the predicted uptake due to local conditions in the Netherlands. Therefore the derived equations for the prediction of the uptake of Cs-137 can be applied. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

scholarly journals Erratum to: Relationship among soil management, organic matter content and root development along the explorable soil profile in the vineyard

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04022
Author(s):  
Alberto Vercesi ◽  
Matteo Gatti ◽  
Claudia Meisina ◽  
Massimiliano Bordoni ◽  
Michael Maerker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Root Development ◽  
Soil Profile ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Matter Content

scholarly journals Effects of Skidding Operations after Tree Harvesting and Soil Scarification by Felled Trees on Initial Seedling Emergence of Spanish Black Pine (Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii)

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 767 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manuel Esteban Lucas-Borja ◽  
Mehdi Heydari ◽  
Isabel Miralles ◽  
Demetrio Antonio Zema ◽  
Ruben Manso
Keyword(s):  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Pinus Nigra ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mediterranean Forests ◽  
Black Pine ◽  
Soil Scarification ◽  
Negative Impacts ◽  
Seed Fall ◽  
Tree Harvesting

Skidding operations are thought to have negative impacts on soil emergence because they may increase soil compaction and reduce vegetation cover and the soil’s organic matter content. We investigated whether and to what extent tree harvesting and subsequent skidding initially altered seedling emergence in two Mediterranean forests of Pinus nigra Arn. ssp. salzmannii (Spanish black pine) in the Cuenca Mountains (Spain). Our main objective was to compare the Spanish black pine seedling emergence rate among skid trails, soil areas scarified by felled trees, and areas undisturbed next to harvest operations. In addition, we selected an unmanaged stand as reference, in order to look for evidence of seedling emergence under natural conditions. We measured Spanish black pine seed fall and seedling emergence immediately after harvest operations in two locations in the Cuenca Mountains (Palancares and Majadas forests), which are typical forests in Cuenca Mountains. The results showed that the Palancares site presented higher seed fall in comparison to the Majadas site. In addition, seed fall was higher in the unmanaged stand, as we recorded a higher tree density in this site in comparison to harvested stands (Palancares and Majadas). Furthermore, our results demonstrated differences in seedling emergence between lower elevation drier Palancares and higher elevation wetter Majadas and relative differences in seedling emergence among skid trail, scarified, and undisturbed harvested areas. Finally, the unmanaged stand presented the highest seedling emergence in comparison to scarified, compacted, and non-disturbed harvested areas. Overall, the results suggest a short-term impact of skidding on seedling emergence, which should be considered for future management guidelines of Spanish black pine in the Mediterranean climate.

Predicting soil-water partition coefficients for Hg(II) from soil properties

2001 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.-Z. Lee ◽  
L. Chang ◽  
C.-M. Chen ◽  
Y. I. Tsai ◽  
M.-C. Liu
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Dissolved Organic Matter ◽  
Partition Coefficient ◽  
Metal Oxides ◽  
Partition Coefficients ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Natural Soil ◽  
Solution Ph ◽  
Adsorption Sites

The metal adsorption characteristics for fifteen Taiwan soils by Hg(II), were evaluated using pH as the major variable. The soil samples were thoroughly characterized for their physical chemical properties and composition, particularly organic matter and metal oxides. The adsorption of Hg(II) increased with increasing pH between pH 2.5 and 5.5, whereas the adsorption significantly decreased above around pH 5.5. Below pH 5.5, greater adsorption was found for soils with a higher organic matter content at constant pH and metal concentration. To better understand the mechanism of adsorption, the experimental results for Hg (II) were tested in a partition coefficient model to relate the adsorption of the Hg(II) by the different soils with soil components: organic matter, iron oxide, aluminium oxide and manganese oxide. This model was not successful when applied to measurements at the differing natural soil pHs because of the importance of pH. At pH greater than 5.5 the model fails because of the complexation of Hg by the dissolved organic matter. However, partition coefficients obtained from experimental data were highly correlated with those calculated for a partition coefficient between mercury and organic matter alone at lower pH. Normalization of the partition coefficients, Kd, for the organic matter content of the soils, Kom, greatly improved the correlation between the partition coefficient and pH under pH 5.5 (R2 increased from 0.484 to 0.716). This suggests that the surficial adsorption sites are principally due to organic matter for pH less than 5.5. For the 24-hour equilibration period employed, diffusion of Hg through this superficial organic matter coating to underlying sorptive materials, including metal oxides, is not important in the partitioning of Hg. At pH above 5, a decrease of mercury adsorption with increasing solution pH was also found. This result may be explained in part by the complexation of mercury by soil dissolved organic matter whose concentration increased with increasing pH.

Soil management and crop biomass removal impacts on soil organic matter content

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 305-307
Author(s):  
Krisztina Eleki ◽  
Richard Cruse ◽  
László Fodor ◽  
Lajos Szabó ◽  
Sándor Holló
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content ◽  
Biomass Removal ◽  
Crop Biomass

scholarly journals Results of municipal waste compost research over more than fifty years at the Institute for Soil Fertility at Haren/Groningen, the Netherlands.

1981 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-61
Author(s):  
S. de Haan
Keyword(s):  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Soils ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Municipal Waste ◽  
Toxic Substances ◽  
Compost Soil ◽  
Municipal Waste Compost

Until about 1950, municipal waste compost in the Netherlands was used principally on agricultural soils (mainly reclaimed cut-over peat and heath soils). Between 1950 and 1970, about equal proportions of compost were utilized in agriculture, horticulture and in amenity areas. Since 1970, amenity areas have demanded more than 90% of the compost. The main producer of municipal waste compost in the Netherlands is the VAM Waste Disposal Company, with a production level of about 100,000 tonnes per year. Its domestic refuse recycling plant recovers about 33% of organic residues suitable for compost production. Microelement contents and Ca and S levels in the compost are high, N, P and K contents and availability are low, and the organic matter content is c. 30% (dry matter basis). Biennial applications of up to 40 t/ha of compost between 1948 and 1975 resulted in large increases in microelement concentrations in crops and especially in soils. The Zn content of crops in a range of compost/soil mixtures increased with increasing compost/soil ratio, and crop growth was greatest in 100% compost. The current tendency in the Netherlands towards large-scale recycling of municipal waste may lead to increased compost production. Because the recreational sector can only absorb limited quantities, this compost would largely be disposed of on agricultural land. In such a situation limits for maximum permissible concentrations of potentially toxic substances in this compost, and maximum permissible application rates, would need to be set: for sewage sludge such limits already exist. (Abstract retrieved from CAB Abstracts by CABI’s permission)

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