scholarly journals Afrikaans in Botany after 75 years of “Akademie” activities

1985 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
H. P. Van der Schijff

Just like the Afrikaans language itself, the use of Afrikaans as a technical language in Botany made meaningful progress during the last 75 years. It cannot, however, be divorced from the general use of Afrikaans by the Afrikaner in his daily contact with his non-Afrikaans speaking compatriots in all other spheres of activities, such as business, sports or politics. Unless Afrikaans as a spoken language can hold its own in a growing English-speaking community and world, it will not survive as a technical scientific language in Botany. As a technical language only, no language can hold its own. The publishing of scientific papers in international journals by Afrikaans-speaking scientists cannot be attributed to selfishness or a lack of appreciation for their mother tongue. It must also be seen as a means of enhancing the scientific image of his country and of the Afrikaner.

Author(s):  
Ghil'ad Zuckermann

This seminal book introduces revivalistics, a new trans-disciplinary field of enquiry surrounding language reclamation, revitalization and reinvigoration. The book is divided into two main parts that represent Zuckermann’s fascinating and multifaceted journey into language revival, from the ‘Promised Land’ (Israel) to the ‘Lucky Country’ (Australia) and beyond: PART 1: LANGUAGE REVIVAL AND CROSS-FERTILIZATION The aim of this part is to suggest that due to the ubiquitous multiple causation, the reclamation of a no-longer spoken language is unlikely without cross-fertilization from the revivalists’ mother tongue(s). Thus, one should expect revival efforts to result in a language with a hybridic genetic and typological character. The book highlights salient morphological, phonological, phonetic, syntactic, semantic and lexical features, illustrating the difficulty in determining a single source for the grammar of ‘Israeli’, the language resulting from the Hebrew revival. The European impact in these features is apparent inter alia in structure, semantics or productivity. PART 2: LANGUAGE REVIVAL AND WELLBEING The book then applies practical lessons (rather than clichés) from the critical analysis of the Hebrew reclamation to other revival movements globally, and goes on to describe the why and how of language revival. The how includes practical, nitty-gritty methods for reclaiming ‘sleeping beauties’ such as the Barngarla Aboriginal language of Eyre Peninsula, South Australia, e.g. using what Zuckermann calls talknology (talk+technology). The why includes ethical, aesthetic, and utilitarian reasons such as improving wellbeing and mental health.


PMLA ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Gikandi

What are we to do with english? Of all the major languages of the world, it causes the most anxiety. Its words seem to want to invade the citadels of other languages, forcing institutions such as the Académie Française to call for barricades against it; in the enclaves of Englishness, a Celtic fringe struggles to hold on to the remnants of the mother tongue; and in most parts of the world those without the ostensibly anointed language often see themselves as permanently locked out of the spring-wells of modernity. Sometimes the global linguistic map appears to be a simple division between those with English and those without it. In the reaches of the former British Empire, a swath of the globe stretching from Vancouver east to the Malay Peninsula, English has come to be seen as an advantage in the competitive world of global politics and trade; in the emerging powers of East Asia, most notably China and South Korea, the consumption of global English is evident in the huge sale of books on English as a second language; in parts of the world traditionally cut off from English, including eastern Europe, the mastery of the language marks the moment of arrival. Most linguistic research on English is carried out in institutions in the Germanic and Nordic zones of northern Europe. In popular books on language and in serious linguistic studies, a powerful myth of English as the global language has taken hold. We are presented not with a world at the end of history but with one in which English sits at the center of a new global community: “English-speaking people and their culture are more widespread in numbers and influence than any civilization the world has ever seen,” claims Robert McCrum (257).


2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 34-59
Author(s):  
Kazuko Matsumoto

Abstract This paper reports results from a reinvestigation of multilingualism in postcolonial Palau, conducted twenty years after the first study. The first-ever ethnographic language survey conducted in 1997–1998 highlighted the diglossic nature of Palau where English replaced Japanese as the ‘high’ language, while indigenous Palauan remained as the ‘low’ spoken language. It indicated three possible future scenarios: (a) shift from multilingualism to bilingualism after the older Japanese-speaking generation passes away; (b) stability of diglossia with a clear social division between an English-speaking elite and a predominantly Palauan-speaking non-elite; (c) movement towards an English-speaking nation with Palauan being abandoned. The restudy conducted in 2017–2018 provides real-time evidence to assess the direction and progress of change, whilst the ethnographic analysis of recent changes in language policies and the linguistic analysis of teenagers’ narratives reveal the unpopularity of Palauan as a written language and the emergence of their own variety of English.


1986 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 30-41
Author(s):  
Andrea Chiti-Batelli

SUMMARY The Study of English—A European Problem: A New Cybernetic Pedagogical Proposal English is progressively becoming the de facto lingua franca of the entire world. Whereas the imposition of Latin by the Romans took centuries, the imposition of English may be accomplished in only one or two generations, for English has at its disposal not only the political and economic strength of the English-speaking countries, but also the even more decisive strength of the mass media. This spread of English poses a danger to non-English cultures, for English is a living language, and a living language is not a neutral and aseptic instrument of communication. As the expression, the bearer of a Weltanschauung, it is intolerent and will tend to replace all other Weltanschauungen with its own. The only rational response to this danger is a radical one, the introduction, as a lingua franca, of a language without the destructive capacity of English, a language that is not anyone's mother tongue and does not have the cultural and political force of a people or a state behind it. What is needed is a language that is both neutral and adaptable. Only a planned language can meet these needs, and, of all the planned languages, only Esperanto has been in use long enough and has sufficient "infrastructure" (i.e., a wide-ranging literature and a considerable number of speakers) to be equal to the task. This article suggests that the main obstacle to worldwide acceptance of Esperanto is not the sociological strength of English but the widespread subconscious and distressing feeling that the use of an invented language, completely lacking in historical traditions, would signify, both individually and collectively, a radical "loss of identity." A way out of this dilemma, the author believes, is offered by modern linguistic cybernetic research, which suggests that the study of Esperanto is the best and most practical preparation for the study of a living language in general, an Indo-European language in particular, and English most particularly. The author proposes that the study of Esperanto be introduced, not as an end in itself, but as a means of learning English more easily and successfully. This solution is further discussed in the context of the European Federation. RESUMO Studi la anglan ekde la elementa lernejo—Eùropa problemo: Nova pedagogia-kibernetika propono La angla lingvo iompostiome farigas la efektiva lingua franca de la tuta mondo. Kvankam la romianoj bezonis kelkajn jarcentojn por altrudi la latinan lingvon, la altrudo de la angla eble efektivigos en nur unu aŭ du generacioj, car la angla lingvo disponas ne nur pri la politika kaj ekonomia forto de la anglalingvaj landoj, sed ankaŭ pri la ec pli decida forto de la amasmedioj. Tiu disvastiĝo de la angla prezentas dangeron por neanglaj kulturoj, car la angla estas vivanta lingvo, kaj vivanta lingvo ne estas neŭtrala kaj asepsa instrumento de komunikado. Kiel la esprimilo, la portanto de mondkoncepto, ĝi estas netolerema kaj emos anstataŭigi ciujn aliajn mondkonceptojn per la propra. La sola racia respondo al tiu ci dangero estas radikala: la enkonduko, kiel lingua franca, de lingvo, kiu ne posedas la detrukapablon de la angla, lingvo, kiu estas nenies denaska lingvoi kaj ne havas la kulturan kaj politikan forton de iu popolo aŭ stato malantaù si. Oni bezonas lingvon kaj neŭtralan kaj adapteblan. Nur planlingvo povas respondi al tiuj bezonoj, kaj, el ciuj eblaj planlingvoj, nur Esperanto havas sufice longan historion de utiligo kaj posedas sufican substrukturon (t.e. vasta literaturo kaj konsider-inda nombro da parolantoj) por plenumi la taskon. Tiu ci artikolo sugestas, ke la cefa obstaklo al tutmonda akceptigo de Esperanto ne estas la sociologia forteco de la angla, sed la large disvastigita subkonscia kaj mal-trankviliga sento, ke utiligo de inventita lingvo, al kiu komplete mankas historiaj tradicioj, signifus, kaj ce la kolektivo, radikalan "perdon de identeco." Eliron el tiu dilemo, laû la aŭtoro, proponas moderna lingvistika kibernetika esplorado, kiu sugestas, ke la studado de Esperanto estas la plej bona kaj plej praktika preparo por studi ciun ajn vivantan lingvon, precipe hindeuropan lingvon, kaj tute precipe la anglan. La aŭtoro proponas, ke oni enkonduku la studadon de Esperanto, ne kiel celo en si mem, sed kiel ilo por lerni la anglan pli facile kaj sukcese. Tiun solvon oni diskutas pli détale en la kunteksto de eùropa federaciigo.


2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 43-53
Author(s):  
Onoriu Colăcel

Abstract Teaching English as a foreign language is rooted in the national interest of English-speaking countries that promote their own culture throughout the world. To some extent, ‘culture’ is a byword for what has come to be known as the modern nation. Mainly the UK and the US are in the spotlight of EFL teaching and learning. At the expense of other, less ‘sought-after’ varieties of English, British and American English make the case for British and American cultures. Essentially, this is all about Britishness and Americanness, as the very name of the English variety testifies to the British or the American standard. Of course, the other choice, i.e. not to make a choice, is a statement on its own. One way or another, the attempt to pick and choose shapes teaching and learning EFL. However, English is associated with teaching cultural diversity more than other prestige languages. Despite the fact that its status has everything to do with the colonial empire of Great Britain, English highlights the conflict between the use made of the mother tongue to stereotype the non-native speaker of English and current Anglo- American multiculturalism. Effectively, language-use is supposed to shed light on the self-identification patterns that run deep in the literary culture of the nation. Content and language integrated learning (CLIL) encompasses the above-mentioned and, if possible, everything else from the popular culture of the English-speaking world. It feels safe to say that the intractable issue of “language teaching as political action” (Cook, 2016: 228) has yet to be resolved in the classrooms of the Romanian public schools too.


2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 64-72
Author(s):  
E. A. Komochkina ◽  
L. V. Yarotskaya

The paper discusses some interdisciplinary, contextual, and linguistic aspects of developing language skills essential to writing scientific papers. The suggested strategy provides a theoretical foundation for designing an integrated teaching strategy that incorporates three basic components: teaching writing skills and subskills in a foreign language, using an online teaching platform, and the universality of the scientific language that underlies scientists’ professional communication all over the world. The paper identifies gaps in teaching writing skills in a foreign language, reveals typical mistakes, and proposes a way of their overcoming through introducing the integrative teaching strategy into the education process. The paper also focuses on some ways of implementing the strategy relative to the integration of traditional and online teaching of master students through their investigating specialist discourse elements, identifying formulaic expressions and grammar patterns with a view to using them in their profession-related discourse, learning to rely on those findings in producing a coherent text, and thus, developing their capacity to write clearly and effectively.


Author(s):  
Mohammad Shariq Mohammad Aslam ◽  
Arif Ahmed Mohammed Hassan Al-Ahdal ◽  
Bsahar Ragheb Hasan Odeh ◽  
Dalia Baker AbdulAll Saied

ICP in Saudi institutions of higher education is a university preparation course based on an academic curriculum aimed to hone the school leavers’ intellectual skills to succeed in the challenge of higher education. Universities all over the world, and especially in the west, offer similar programs, rather they mandate prospective international students whose mother tongue is other than English to opt for such programmes. These are popularly known as ESL (English as Second Language) intensive courses. In the KSA these are limited to the period at the very start of the academic session. However, in the west, students can opt for longer and more frequent programmes with the choice of sitting for these during the vacation periods. In this sense, they are more flexible to suit student needs. The aim is similar as that in KSA: To set the non-English speaking student at a language pedestal where he/she has a fair a chance to pursue higher education as the English-speaking one. Seen from this vantage, this is a bridge course to select incumbents for the English courses offered by the universities. Pilot studies in the KSA on the success of ICP failed to yield conclusive results amidst rising agreement to scrap the programme as tangible learning outcomes were not visible. However, before doing so it would have been worthwhile to find correlations. If any, between attrition rates and course shortcomings. This aim motivated the current study across three campuses in the departments of English at Qassim University Colleges of Sciences and Arts in Methnab, Al-Asyah, and Buraidah. The study collected all enrolment and follow up data for the three departments and interviewed fifteen subjects each from among those who completed the course but decided against pursuing higher education, those who dropped out before course completion, and those who enrolled for higher education after undertaking the ICP. Our greater concern was with those who dropped out during the course as they neither pursued higher education nor benefitted as they would have on completing the programme.


Author(s):  
Adnin Hayatinnufus

Ar-rohmah English Community is an extracurricular program which provides time and creates opportunity to learn English speaking skill. The aims of this study are to describe kinds of speaking activities used in Ar-Rohmah English Community Program in SMA Ar-Rohmah Malang, to find out the problems related to teaching and learning English speaking skill activities in AEC Program and to investigate the solutions for the problems. The use of research design in this study was descriptive qualitative in which the instrument used to get the data were observation, questionnaire and interview. It was presumed as the proper design in order to attain the purpose in overcoming and solving the research problems. This study obtained the data from twenty-four students and two English teachers who were involved in the AEC Program. After analyzing the data, it is found that English teachers use seven speaking activities in Ar-Rohmah English Community Program. Those seven activities are free speaking, card game, watching movie, interview, storytelling, science writing presentation and dialogue activities. Furthermore, the problems found related to teaching and learning English speaking skill are derived from linguistic and non-linguistic factors. From linguistic factors, it is found that the students face the difficulty on mastering vocabulary, choosing appropriate grammar, lacking of pronunciation experience and not habituated with English. Moreover, from non-linguistic factor, they are reluctant to speak in English because they are inhibited, have nothing to say, have low participation and feel ease and safe using mother tongue language. Besides, the teachers face the difficulty such as get tired to handle a large class with only two teachers, confused to choose suitable activity, do not remember students’ names, hard to motivate the students to speak in English and lack of preparation time. In addition, other activity which is Pandu Hidayatullah influences the students’ passion toward AEC Program. Dealing with those problems, the teachers keep creating creative, fun and interesting activity to improve the students’ vocabulary, grammar, pronunciation and familiarized the students with English. By creating regulations, they solve the problems of students’ low motivation to use English hard to push the students using English


2007 ◽  
Vol 78 ◽  
pp. 131-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Merel Keijzer

This paper examines whether the order in which Dutch emigrants in the English-speaking part of Canada lose their first language is the reverse of that in which Dutch-speaking children first acquire their mother tongue. This idea, captured in the regression hypothesis, has not been extensively tested so far. Through an experimental research design, the study shows that regression does obtain in the case of morphology, but that syntax is more dominated by second language influence from English. The results furthermore indicate that regression is a much more subtle phenomenon than has previously been assumed with attriters showing more parallels with advanced L1 acquirers than with children in the initial stages of their linguistic development.


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