ENGLISH SPEAKING TEACHING METHODS FOR ELEMENTARY SCHOOL STUDENT AT KAMPUNG INGGRIS PONTIANAK

This research aims to know speaking teaching methods used at Kampung Inggris Pontianak for elementary school students and tutor obstacles during teaching activity. The method applied in this research was qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. The data were collected from interview and observation with the owner of Kampung Inggris Pontianak, West Kalimantan. It was found that English speaking skill to elementary school students was separated into four levels; basic, intermediate 1, intermediate 2, and advanced. There are five methods applied by Kampung Inggris Pontianak to improve students English speaking skill. Flashcards, watching movies, listening, games, and singing. There were two kinds of obstacles that tutors face during the class. First, most of the tutors’ backgrounds were non-educational. So, they found it hard, sometimes, to control their elementary students who are very energetic. They might have English language competence. However, it is not adequate as their only competence to teach students compared to tutors with English educational background. Therefore, Kampung Inggris Pontianak holds micro-teaching practices to see tutor candidate performances before coming into class. Second, new students made many false answers on the placement test just to make them get into a lower level class than they are supposed to be. The researcher hopes this research will give knowledge to the reader of how tutors in Kampung Inggris Pontianak teaches speaking skills to their students.

IHAB HASSAN POSTMODERNISM’S INDETERMINACY AND IRONY:LAURA BROWN’S INNER CONFLICT IN THE HOURS

Virginia Woolf is one of the modernist writers who write Mrs. Dalloway for which Michael Cunningham has taken Virginia’s life story into his novel, The Hours that characterized Laura Brown who reads Mrs. Dalloway. Cunningham’s literary work which foregrounds the uncertainty of sexual orientation, confusion, and difficulty of identity is suitable with postmodernism’s conventions and is valid in both Woolf's and Cunningham's novels. There have been studies conducted by the scholars in terms of various technical aspects, such as narrative, design, and structure. The other topics comprise the equivalence of characters, the parallelism of scenes, and the borrowing of themes and symbolism, in order to demonstrate the effects of the adaptation process. This paper focuses on Laura Brown’s inner conflicts which are connected to postmodernism features. From the quotations in the novel, this paper showcases the novel’s analysis based on Ihab Hassan’s theory of postmodernism’s indeterminacy and irony. It is found that Laura Brown’s inner conflicts are shown from her efforts of being a good wife for Dan. She is trying hard to answer her own question whether or not she loves her husband. Ironically, the perfect status of being a wife of a soldier who takes part in winning the World War II, a woman with a perfect family, as well as a woman living a good life, do not make her happy. Mrs. Dalloway has inspired her to find her true happiness, her former self that has disappeared.

THE REPRESENTATION OF HEALTH MINISTER IN HANDLING COVID-19 IN INDONESIA: A CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS

COVID-19 outbreaks that threaten human health have become a pandemic. As the Health Minister in Indonesia, the actions were taken by the Letjen TNI (Purn) Dr. dr. Terawan Agus Putranto, Sp. Rad. (K) in handling this pandemic is in the spotlight. There are so many media that providenews related to the efforts of the Health Minister in handling this case, one of which is The Jakarta Post. This study aims to describe the representation of Mr. Terawan as Health Minister in handling COVID-19 cases in Indonesia in The Jakarta Post. Critical Discourse Analysis as an approach is used in his study. The data are the articles in The Jakarta Post related to Mr. Terawan in handling the COVID-19 cases in Indonesia. The data is analyzed using a discursive strategy. According to Wodak& Mayer (2001), there are five strategies in Discursive, but this study only applies two strategies, namely Nomination Strategies and Predication Strategies. The findings in this study are; (1) four nomination strategies areused by The Jakarta Post. They are deixis, proper names, professional anthroponym, and nouns. The Jakarta Post uses the nomination strategy to avoid repetition of the same proper name, to show the readers which person becomes the center of the text, and to describe and report Mr. Terawan’s action regarding his job as Health Minister; (2) The Jakarta Post gave a negative attribute to the performance of Mr. Terawan as a Health Minister in handling with COVID-19 cases.The Jakarta Post’s belief that Mr. Terawan has performed badly as a Health Minister in handling the COVID-19 case and The Jakarta Post sees Mr. Terawan as a careless person in the case.

IMPROVING STUDENTS’ SPEAKING ABILITY THROUGH DEBATE TECHNIQUE

Lecturers can use many strategies to improve speaking ability. Speaking abilities include making questions, providing explanations, and also being able to provide answers. This study aimed to determine how debate techniques can improve students' speaking ability to make questions, give explanations, and give responses. The current study applied the classroom action research method and consisted of 3 cycles. Two batches of English Education College Students of 2019/2020 at Universitas Potensi Utama, totaling 60 students, were involved as the study subjects. An observation checklist and field notes were used to collect the data. The researchers observed students' activity in the classroom by using an observation checklist and fieldnotes. The researchers summarized the problem during the debating process. Based on the research findings, the debate technique applied by the research subjects reflects the improvement in the students' speaking ability. Based on the observations' results, it can be seen that the students' speaking ability in making questions and providing explanations and answers improved. The students' activities in the class when arguing in the first cycle were 42.83%, 59.17% in the second cycle, and 85.17% in the final one. It shows that the debate technique has improved the students' speaking ability to make questions and provide explanations.

CONVERSATION ANALYSIS: TURN-TAKING MECHANISM AND POWER RELATION IJ CLASSROOM SETTING

Institutional conversation in the classroom has been known to be fully controlled by the teacher in order to achieve specific goals of the teaching and learning process. This study aims at finding out how teachers manage the flow of classroom interaction, how students may possibly take the floor and issue about power and hierarchy between teacher-students in teacher-fronted whole classroom interaction. The result is expected to give an overview or a reflection on how teachers encourage learning to happen by the way they use their power to manage the turn-taking mechanism in whole-class interaction. The data is in the form of unscripted classroom interaction in the field of language from YouTube. Specifically, the analysis is focussed on analyzing the turn-taking rules in a whole class interaction using Conversation Analysis (CA). The gesture is also one means of communication that accompanied verbal communication, and therefore to enrich the data, the gestures of the participants are also taken into consideration. This study found that teacher and students' turn is asymmetrical. However, the teacher possesses no absolute power in terms of controlling the turn-taking as students appeared to overlap the teacher’s talk to take the turn and try to perform an unfocalized effort to nominate themselves as the first speaker using gestures. The content of teachers’ TCU indicates that the teacher tries to stimulate the students’ critical thinking by posting an open-ended question, and evaluates and responds to students’ answers by using a follow-up question.

EXPLORING THE INTEGRATIONS OF MALL INTO ENGLISH TEACHING AND LEARNING FOR INDONESIAN EFL STUDENTS IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

The use of mobile technology for education is on the rise across the world, especially in Indonesia. However, there are concerns in making such an educational revolution as mobile technology may introduce negative side effects to the Indonesian students. Also, only a few studies have discussed the use of mobile technology in Indonesian secondary schools. Those circumstances potentially make many stakeholders doubt the proper implementation of mobile technology-based learning and the possible challenges, especially in English as a foreign language (EFL) classroom. Thus, this paper is aimed to provide theoretical insights into the implementation of mobile-assisted language learning (MALL) for secondary school students in EFL classrooms. A secondary source analysis through systematic review was employed to generate the findings, focusing on MALL and EFL primary research and government documents related to education in secondary schools. Based on the findings, this paper offers an improved teaching and learning approach based on collaborative learning and task-based language teaching (TBLT) to facilitate better implementation and integration of MALL in EFL classrooms. In addition, the findings also show possible challenges during the implementation of MALL in Indonesia for future considerations, such as the technology readiness of EFL stakeholders and teachers’ pedagogical issues related to mobile learning. Lastly, this paper is expected to raise awareness of MALL opportunities and open more paths for more primary research regarding the implementations of MALL in Indonesian EFL classrooms.

A TRANSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF GRETA THUNBERG’S 2019 CLIMATE ACTION SUMMIT SPEECH

Climate change has been one of the most significant concerns for the United Nations. As a result, the United Nations held a summit in 2019, inviting several notable speakers in the field. One of them is a young teenager from Swedish, Greta Thunberg. Greta Thunberg is a prominent climate activist who delivered a speech at the United Nations Climate Action Summit 2019, which is about how people and the government need to limit global warming. Her address became viral and garnered attention from many media, and roused a massive youth-led climate rally. Thus, this study analyzed her speech as the object of the study and employed a descriptive qualitative method. The study scrutinized 54 clauses through transitivity analysis from Hallidayan Systemic Functional Grammar (SFG) to understand the processes in the address and its function. This current study has revealed that the speaker’s dominantly used material process (37%) to describe the damage to the environment done by people. The use of relational process (31.5%) describes climate change's effects on the world and her life. The mental process used in 16.7% of the data provokes guilt and responsibility, as she pointed the audience as the actors that cause climate change. The behavioural process (7.4%) shows that Thunberg will not stay quiet on climate crisis when her generation is the one who will suffer from it. Existential process (3.7%) is used to describe the existing problems, while verbal process (3.7%) is used in quoting the high-profile politician to prove that none of their promises have been fulfilled.

INTEGRATION OF “WRITE AND IMPROVE” AWE TOOL INTO EFL AT HIGHER EDUCATIONAL ESTABLISHMENT: CASE STUDY

Dramatic changes in political, economic, cultural, scientific, and technological spheres, which have taken place in recent decades, have caused noticeable alterations in different societal domains, including education. Through the prism of the modern educational paradigm that mainly focuses on meeting the needs of human beings, nowadays, a special place is occupied by ICTs and their integration into the educational process. The present research is devoted to both theoretical evidence and practical implementation of automated writing evaluation (AWE) tool “Write and Improve” into language learning at a higher educational establishment. We use experimental method titled case study, which allows finding out ways to incorporate the software mentioned above into EFL. First and foremost, the author analyses fundamental and contemporary studies in the realm of ICT integration into language teaching, learning, and assessment. Special attention is paid to AWE as cutting-edge software, which utilizes artificial intelligence to assess students’ writing. The data under investigation indicate that using AWE computer-assisted programs facilitates students’ management and increases motivation for writing and revision. The article sets a goal to demonstrate that “Write and Improve” is an example of innovative technology to enhance writing as an essential academic competency. Based on profound theoretical substantiations, the author conducts the experiment to test the research hypothesis in the case study. Within the framework of the article's written tasks, university students who study English as their major subject at the Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv have been chosen. The attempted investigation proved “Write and Improve” to be highly effective among language learners, thus worth being introduced not only into teaching and learning but also assessment.

VIRTUAL TOURISM EXHIBITION ACTIVITY IN ENGLISH FOR TOURISM CLASS: STUDENTS’ PERSPECTIVES

As the need of the contextual learning for English for Tourism class increases, the new teaching methods with integration of technology need to be further explored. Recently, the common method used in the class usually focuses on monologue, lecture, video exploration and presentation, meanwhile, contextual simulation is rarely used and addressed. This study aims at observing the implementation of virtual tourism exhibition activity in English for Tourism class from the students’ perspectives. Qualitative descriptive study was employed by selecting 56 students of English Literature major in T university as research subject. A questionnaire focusing on the area of learning objective, technology literacy and interaction was used to collect the necessary data. The result shows that virtual tourism exhibition has given them a learning alternative during COVID-19 quarantine, some improvement in speaking has been made, and the degree of technology literacy to conduct virtual learning was found to be satisfying. However, students still prefer having face-to-face activity to virtual meeting. Further, the interaction between students and lecturer is still covered despite of limited time and unstable internet connection. This study suggests that the analysis from the teacher perspective and quantitative calculation on students’ performance in exhibition simulation should be further explored.

THE MORPHO-PHONEMIC PROCESSES IN INDONESIAN ADVERTISEMENT’S SLOGANS

The use of slogans in the advertisements to introduce and to attract public’s attention upon the products advertised are essential. The use of morpho-phonemic forms as the morphological process in the Indonesian advertisements’ slogans nowadays are interesting to be analyzed since there are lots of them use unique forms to attract public’s attention upon the product. The public’s attention upon the advertisements would influence the level of public’s awareness upon the product and eventually would raise the number of purchase and the usage of the product offered. This research explained the forms of the morphological process used in the Indonesian advertisement’s slogans, and the purposes of the morphological process used in the Indonesian advertisement’s slogans. Based on O'Grady and Dobrovolsky’s theories, this research uses descriptive qualitative method by observing and documenting the forms of morpho-phonemic changing which are used in Indonesian slogans, continued by analyzing the data. The objects of the study were the texts in advertisement’s slogans. The sources of the data were the Indonesian advertisement’s slogans from various types of product, which were aired or published in Indonesia. The forms of the morpho-phonemic changing were studied based on morphological processes in morphology. Slogans should attract the attention from public upon the product advertised to consume or to use it. It is hope that these findings will be useful for the development of language use especially in advertising.