scholarly journals Lack of Proficiency in English Language: Understanding the Circumstances among the Military Cadets

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haida Hashim ◽  
Melor Yunus ◽  
Harwati Hashim
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
The Military

scholarly journals Metaphors of Lawyers' Professionalism

1995 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 833 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonnette Watson Hamilton
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Codes Of Conduct ◽  
Legal Profession ◽  
Professional Codes ◽  
The Military

This article examines three common metaphors in several professional codes of legal conduct and supporting documents. The metaphors are the "metaphoric networks" based on the military, gentility and Christianity. Numerous examples of all three metaphoric networks are given. Metaphors are non-arbitrary. The three metaphoric networks examined here are consistent with one of the most common orientation metaphors in the English language, the metaphor expressing relationships in bodily terms of "up" and "down." These metaphoric networks evoke a hierarchy of society based on a strictly male, ethnocentric British-Canadian world. The lawyer reading the codes of conduct that contain these metaphors would see the image of the lawyer created according to the lawyer's own inclusion within or exclusion from that ideal. Also, this social elitism may contribute to the public's lack of respect for the legal profession.

Freud under the Acropolis: The challenging journey of psychoanalysis in 20th-century Greece (1915–1995)

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 13-37
Author(s):  
Danae Karydaki
Keyword(s):  
Civil War ◽  
English Language ◽  
Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy ◽  
Social Changes ◽  
Marie Bonaparte ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Right ◽  
Oral History Interview ◽  
The Military

Psychoanalysis was introduced to Greece in 1915 by the progressive educator Manolis Triantafyllidis and was further elaborated by Marie Bonaparte, Freud’s friend and member of the Greek royal family, and her psychoanalytic group in the aftermath of the Second World War. However, the accumulated traumas of the Nazi occupation (1941–1944), the Greek Civil War (1946–1949), the post-Civil-War tension between the Left and the Right, the military junta (1967–1974) and the social and political conditions of post-war Greece led this project and all attempts to establish psychoanalysis in Greece, to failure and dissolution. The restoration of democracy in 1974 and the rapid social changes it brought was a turning point in the history of Greek psychoanalysis: numerous psychoanalysts, who had trained abroad and returned after the fall of the dictatorship, were hired in the newly established Greek National Health Service (NHS), and contributed to the reform of Greek psychiatry by offering the option of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to the non-privileged. This article draws on a range of unexplored primary sources and oral history interview material, in order to provide the first systematic historical account in the English language of the complex relationship between psychoanalysis and Greek society, and the contribution of psychoanalytic psychotherapy to the creation of the Greek welfare state. In so doing, it not only attempts to fill a lacuna in the history of contemporary Greece, but also contributes to the broader historiography of psychotherapy and of Europe.

scholarly journals Staff perceptions on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings: A scoping review

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Katie Tunks Leach ◽  
Joanne Lewis ◽  
Tracy Levett-Jones
Keyword(s):  
Scoping Review ◽  
English Language ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Grey Literature ◽  
Support Staff ◽  
First Responder ◽  
Staff Perceptions ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

Background Chaplains in first responder and military services support staff prior to, during and after critical incidents. Some studies have explored the role of chaplains in these settings predominantly in the military and from chaplains’ perspectives. However, few studies have explored the perspective of staff. This scoping review aims to map the literature on staff perceptions of the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.   Method A scoping review using the Arksey & O’Malley (2003) and Joanna Briggs Institute Scoping Review Methodology was conducted. English language peer-reviewed and grey literature in CINAHL, PubMed, PsychINFO, ProQuest and Google Scholar from 2004-2019 was reviewed for inclusion. Records were included if they provided staff perspectives on the role and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings. The initial search identified 491 records after removal of duplicates. All titles and abstracts were then screened for relevance to the research question and 84 were selected for full-text review. Seven records were included in final review; five dissertations and two peer-reviewed articles. Five of these were from the military and two from the police. Data were extracted and thematically analysed to identify staff perceptions of the role, skills and attributes, and value of chaplains in first responder and military settings.   Results Staff understood the role of chaplain to include the provision of spiritual and pastoral care and guidance and, in the case of police, providing scene support. Staff from all of the services identified requisite skills and attributes for chaplains such as being available, approachable and engaged; counselling; maintaining confidentiality and trust; being organisationally aware; and possessing distinct personality traits and knowledge of specialty content areas. The value chaplains brought to their services emerged from chaplains being trusted as a result of being proactively available for staff, families and bystanders for formal and informal conversation; organisational belonging and awareness resulting in enhanced staff satisfaction and retention; and promoting staff physical, mental, social and spiritual wellbeing.   Conclusions Although military and police staff identified spiritual, psychological and social benefits to chaplains maintaining an active and visible role in their services, the small number of papers identified make generalisation of these findings to other first responder services problematic. Further research is therefore required to understand the impact of the chaplain’s role as part of the care team in first responder services.

scholarly journals Contribution of Foreign Languages to Building the Professional Career of the Land Forces Academy Cadets

2019 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Brânduşa-Oana Niculescu ◽  
Georgeta Obilişteanu ◽  
Isabela Anda Dragomir
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Transmission Of Knowledge ◽  
Multicultural Environment ◽  
Intercultural Skills ◽  
Military Academies ◽  
Knowledge Content ◽  
The Military ◽  
Target Culture

Abstract The new requirements regarding the professionalization of the Romanian armed forces derived from our country’s becoming a NATO and EU member state. The challenges of the 21st century battlefield demand the development not only of certain soldierly skills, but also of the abilities to properly function in a multicultural context. The cadets of the military academies are the future officers that will operate in the international theatres of operations. Being engaged in multinational formations and having to work side by side with foreign military personnel, our cadets need to have a good command of the English language, as well as to acquire and develop the intercultural skills necessary to appropriately function in a multicultural environment. Thus, a shift in the curricula of the Romanian military academies has been made, from an emphasis on the transmission of knowledge content to a focus on relating language to the target culture and developing cadets’ linguistic and intercultural competences. This paper suggests some methods and techniques that have proven efficient when teaching basic military English in the Land Forces Academy.

scholarly journals ‘A Bit of a Grope’: Gender, Sex and Racial Boundaries in Transitional East Timor

2010 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roslyn Appleby
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Sensitivity ◽  
English Language ◽  
English Language Teaching ◽  
East Timor ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
Racial Boundaries ◽  
Foreign Intervention ◽  
Development Workers ◽  
Teaching Programs ◽  
The Military

This paper considers the gender positioning of white Australian women working on aid projects in East Timor during the military and aid intervention of 2000-2002. Drawing on interviews with women employed in English language teaching programs, I compare the positions women adopted in relation to their engagement with men in the foreign intervention/occupation community and with men in the local Timorese community. From the women’s perspective, the intervention was constructed as patriarchal regime that carried the gendered legacy of an earlier colonial era. This context provided a challenging domain for women development workers, as they juggled often conflicting discourses of gender equality and cultural sensitivity in their relations with men in the community of foreign occupiers, and with local Timorese men. The women’s self positioning in relation to these two groups varied markedly: while they readily rejected the behaviour and attitudes of foreign men as sexist and patriarchal, their response to Timorese men was more complex and ambivalent, demonstrating an awareness of their own inappropriacy as foreign intruders in this space.

Language education in the security system of the Republic of Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 147-168
Author(s):  
Bogusław Jagusiak ◽  
Agata Jagiello-Tondera
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Language Education ◽  
Armed Forces ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
The North ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Development Of Language ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Global Language ◽  
The Military

The English language has become the lingua franca of the contemporary world; a global language. The process of globalisation has also influenced the increasing demand for learning English. The demand involves not only general language but also language for specific purposes, including language of the military environment, Military English. English has also become the language of interoperability in NATO. The North Atlantic Alliance has always paid particular attention to the knowledge of foreign languages, which was expressed, among others, by the establishment of the BILC International Language Coordination Office and the development of language standards applicable to all Member States, STANAG 6001. Language education in the armed forces in Poland follows the Alliance’s guidelines. The correct use of military language and its understanding creates a successful administrative and operational military environment. On account of appropriate application of terminology, potential misunderstandings or misinterpretations of military activities can be avoided. Language education is one of the elements of language policy in the field of security.

scholarly journals L2 Motivations For Learning English as Foreign Language of Sudanese Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 91-103
Author(s):  
Omer Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Language ◽  
English Language ◽  
External Factors ◽  
The Other ◽  
Family Influence ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Language Understanding ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
English As Foreign Language

Motivation is essential in learning a foreign language. Understanding how learners learn and what motivates and demotivate them will help the teachers, policy makers and curriculum planners .The study investigated the various reasons/motivations of the Sudanese Learners of English language based on Dorney  soci-educational model& Garder’s of  Second Language(L2) Self System.  The main question the paper tried to answer was what types of motivations of Sudanese L2 learners have? . A sample of 35 students were asked their opinions on what motives them in studying English by means of a questionnaire. The result of the study showed that the majority of the participants (95%)  had an  extrinsic motivations i.e external  factors for studying language, namely instrumentally-promotion and parental encourage and family influence .Also,  Ideal L2 had significant role in Sudanese learners, as 85% of the learners responded to the questionnaire items that assessed  this factor. The study also showed that the  ought L2 self has the lowest impact on the students learners, only 55% of learners  .The other factors /motivations that were tested in the study showed less influence on Sudanese learners but yet they are important to consider by teachers.

scholarly journals Cognitive Metaphors of Covid-19 Pandemic in Business News

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 ◽  
pp. 02004
Author(s):  
Tetyana Kozlova
Keyword(s):  
English Language ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Media Communication ◽  
Rhetorical Device ◽  
Business News ◽  
Cognitive Metaphor ◽  
The World ◽  
The Military ◽  
Difficult Situations ◽  
Traditional Understanding

The research considers the COVID-19 pandemic cognitive metaphors conveyed by means of the English language in business news. The interpretation of metaphor goes beyond its traditional understanding as a rhetorical device. The approach is consistent with a cognitive theory claiming that metaphor is a mental instrument to reflect the way we reason and imagine the world. The paper provides a brief theoretical framework of the research, discusses the concept, role and types of cognitive metaphor. It deals with particular cases of metaphoric representations of the pandemic selected from The Financial Times, an international daily with focus on business and economic affairs. The results of the study reveal a variety of lexical means to express the dynamic image of the pandemic that exhibits a gradual shift from the military metaphor to variant interpretations. The findings prove the pervasiveness of metaphor in business and mass media communication, its significance to understand difficult situations, efficiently communicate ideas and influence the audience.

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