Repeatedly Heading a Soccer Ball Does Not Increase Serum Levels of S-100B, a Biochemical Marker of Brain Tissue Damage: An Experimental Study

Objectives The aim of the study was to analyse whether the controlled heading of soccer balls elicits increased serum concentrations of a biochemical marker of brain tissue damage S-100B. Methods Nineteen male soccer players were randomly divided into two groups, A and B. Group A headed a soccer ball falling from 18 m five times, while group B served as controls (no heading). Blood samples were taken before and 0.5 h, 2 h and 4 h after the heading for analysis of S-100B. Results No statistically significant (p > 0.05) increases in serum concentrations of S-100B were encountered in group A at 0.5 h (0.109 ± 0.024 μg/L), 2 h (0.098 ± 0.026 μg/L), and 4 h (0.113 ± 0.035 μg/L) when the blood samples obtained before and after the heading were compared (0.157 ± 0.134 μg/L). No statistically significant difference was found when the serum concentrations of S-100B were compared between groups A and B either before or after heading. Conclusions Heading a soccer ball dropped from a height of 18 m five times was not found to cause an increase in serum concentrations of S-100B, indicating that the impact was not sufficient to cause biochemically discernible damage of brain tissue.

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Serum concentrations of two biochemical markers of brain tissue damage S-100B and neurone specific enolase are increased in elite female soccer players after a competitive game

British Journal of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1136/bjsm.2005.021584 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 313-316 ◽

Cited By ~ 69

Author(s):

B-M Stalnacke

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Competitive Game ◽

Brain Tissue Damage

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Serum concentrations of two biochemical markers of brain tissue damage S-100B and neurone specific enolase are increased in elite female soccer players after a competitive game

Yearbook of Sports Medicine ◽

10.1016/s0162-0908(08)70032-1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 2007 ◽

pp. 26-27

Author(s):

R.C. Cantu

Keyword(s):

Brain Tissue ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Biochemical Markers ◽

Soccer Players ◽

Serum Concentrations ◽

Competitive Game ◽

Brain Tissue Damage

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Clinical significance of prostatic-urethral angulation on the treatment outcome of patients with symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia treated with tamsulosin hydrochloride

Archivio Italiano di Urologia e Andrologia ◽

10.4081/aiua.2015.3.238 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 87 (3) ◽

pp. 238

Author(s):

Hassan El-Tatawy ◽

Tarek Gameel ◽

Mohammed Abo El-enen ◽

Ayman Hagras ◽

Ayman Mousa ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Clinical Significance ◽

Treatment Efficacy ◽

Specific Antigen ◽

Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽

Final Conclusion ◽

P Value ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

The Impact

Objectives: To evaluate the impact of the prostatic-urethral angulation (PUA) on the treatment efficacy of selective alpha-1A receptor blocker in male patients with lower urinary tract symptoms secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia (LUTS/BPH). Materials and methods: A total of 80 patients with LUTS/BPH and with mean age 53.3 ± 6.3 (range 47-70) were included in our prospective comparative study. The patients were classified into 2 groups as a consecutive cases 40 in each one depending on the PUA either ≤ 35° (group A) or > 35° (group B). PUA and different prostatic parameters were measured using transrectal ultrasound. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA), the International Prostate Symptom Score and quality of life score (IPSS/QoL score), maximum flow rate (Qmax), and postvoid residual (PVR) volume were compared between the groups. The clinical significance of PUA was evaluated after 8 weeks of medical treatment with tamsulosin hydrochloride 0.4 mg daily. Results: Baseline evaluation (pre-treatment) for both groups were comparable to each other with no clinically significant difference regarding age, PSA, IPSS/QoL score, Qmax and PVR volume (P-value > 0.05). Comparison of parameters after 8 weeks showed that tamsulosin hydrochloride improved the total IPSS and all subscores (P < 0.001), QoL (P = 0.001), Qmax (P = 0.002), and PVR (P = 0.04) in group A (Table 1). Conclusion: Tamsulosin hydrochloride appears to be less effective in improving IPSS/Qol score, Qmax and PVR in patients with lager PUA. The PUA might be a predictor for the treatment efficacy of α-blockers and more studies are warranted in the future before the final conclusion.

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The Impact of Visual Aids on the Retention of English Word Stress Patterns

International Journal of Applied Linguistics & English Literature ◽

10.7575/aiac.ijalel.v.7n.2p.225 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 225 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Farid Ghaemi ◽

Fahimeh Rafi

Keyword(s):

English Word ◽

Placement Test ◽

Visual Aids ◽

Word Stress ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Group B ◽

The Impact ◽

Stress Patterns

The present study aimed at comparing the effectiveness of three different techniques on learners’ long term memorization of English word stress patterns. After administering a quick placement test, 67 Iranian EFL elementary learners at language institutes were selected to participate in the study. Then they were divided into three groups. Before starting the instruction, a pretest was conducted to classify the participants’ abilities on word stress patterns. Then the new techniques were used to teach English word stress patterns. In all three groups, words were printed largely on a piece of paper and the syllables were clearly specified by dots. In group ‘A’, pronunciation and stress pattern of new words were taught aurally through the repetition of the words. In group ‘B’, all the procedure was exactly similar to that of group ‘A’, the only difference was that the stressed syllables were printed in bold. In group ‘C’, all the procedure was exactly similar to that of group ‘B’, except that the stressed syllables were not only printed in bold, but also introduced by teacher’s hand gesture. After two weeks, a delayed posttest was conducted to check long term memorization of the word stress patterns. The results of the study indicated that there was a significant difference between pretest and delayed posttest in all three groups. But the most meaningful difference belonged to group ‘C’. That is, the participants in the third group (gesture group) outperformed those in the other groups. Finally, some implications and suggestions provided for further research.

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MR Spectroscopic Evaluation of Brain Tissue Damage After Treatment for Pediatric Brain Tumors

Brain Edema XIV - Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum ◽

10.1007/978-3-211-98811-4_33 ◽

2009 ◽

pp. 183-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Sławomir Blamek ◽

Dawid Larysz ◽

Kornelia Ficek ◽

Maria Sokół ◽

Leszek Miszczyk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Brain Tumors ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Pediatric Brain Tumors ◽

Brain Tissue Damage ◽

Pediatric Brain

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MONOPHASIC BUT NOT BIPHASIC PULSES INDUCE BRAIN TISSUE DAMAGE DURING MONOPOLAR HIGH-FREQUENCY DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION

Neurosurgery ◽

10.1227/01.neu.0000336331.88559.cf ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 64 (1) ◽

pp. 156-163 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Brigitte Piallat ◽

Stéphan Chabardès ◽

Annaelle Devergnas ◽

Napoleon Torres ◽

Marjolaine Allain ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Deep Brain Stimulation ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Brain Stimulation ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

High Frequency ◽

Brain Tissue Damage ◽

Deep Brain

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Outcomes of Flank-Free Modified Supine Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy Based on BMI

Urologia Internationalis ◽

10.1159/000511292 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

Esam Desoky ◽

Khaled M. Abd Elwahab ◽

Islam M. El-Babouly ◽

Mohammed M. Seleem

Keyword(s):

Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy ◽

Supine Position ◽

Normal Weight ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Group A ◽

Morbid Obese ◽

Group B ◽

A Prospective Study ◽

Nonobese Patients ◽

The Impact

Objective: To evaluate the impact of body mass index (BMI) on the outcomes of percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in the flank-free modified supine position. Patients and Methods: A prospective study was carried out in the urology department during the period from May 2015 to October 2019 on 464 patients admitted for PCNL. The patients were divided into 4 matched groups according to their BMI: group A, normal weight with 18.5 ≤ BMI <25 kg/m2; group B, overweight with 25 ≤ BMI <30 kg/m2; group C, obese with 30 ≤ BMI <40 kg/m2; and group D, morbid obesity with BMI ≥40 kg/m2. All operative data as well as postoperative outcomes are recorded and compared to each other. Results: The 4 studied groups were matched regarding age. The comorbidities were slightly higher in groups C and D. The operative time and fluoroscopy time were slightly high in obese and morbid obese groups but with no significant difference. The rate of complications either major or minor was comparable in all groups. No significant difference was seen among all groups regarding hemoglobin loss, stone-free rate, hospital stay, and need for auxiliary procedures. Conclusions: The outcome of PCNL in flank-free modified supine position is not affected by changes in BMI. The procedure can be performed in obese and morbid obese patients safely with results similar to and comparable to nonobese patients.

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Acetaldehyde Induces Cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y Cells via Inhibition of Akt Activation and Induction of Oxidative Stress

Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity ◽

10.1155/2016/4512309 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2016 ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

Tingting Yan ◽

Yan Zhao ◽

Xia Zhang

Keyword(s):

Oxidative Stress ◽

Brain Tissue ◽

Cognitive Dysfunction ◽

Tissue Damage ◽

Heavy Drinking ◽

Mitogen Activated Protein Kinase ◽

Toxic Metabolite ◽

Excessive Alcohol Consumption ◽

Brain Tissue Damage ◽

Induced Apoptosis

Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to brain tissue damage and cognitive dysfunction. It has been shown that heavy drinking is associated with an earlier onset of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease. Acetaldehyde, the most toxic metabolite of ethanol, is speculated to mediate the brain tissue damage and cognitive dysfunction induced by the chronic excessive consumption of alcohol. However, the exact mechanisms by which acetaldehyde induces neurotoxicity are not totally understood. In this study, we investigated the cytotoxic effects of acetaldehyde in SH-SY5Y cells and found that acetaldehyde induced apoptosis of SH-SY5Y cells by downregulating the expression of antiapoptoticBcl-2andBcl-xLand upregulating the expression of proapoptoticBax. Acetaldehyde treatment led to a significant decrease in the levels of activated Akt and cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein (CREB). In addition, acetaldehyde induced the activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) while inhibiting the activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases (ERKs, p44/p42MAPK). Meanwhile, acetaldehyde treatment caused an increase in the production of reactive oxygen species and elevated the oxidative stress in SH-SY5Y cells. Therefore, acetaldehyde induces cytotoxicity of SH-SY5Y cells via promotion of apoptotic signaling, inhibition of cell survival pathway, and induction of oxidative stress.

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