scholarly journals Vitamin B1 Deficiency Does not Affect the Liver Concentrations of the Other Seven Kinds of B-Group Vitamins in Rats

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. NMI.S11749 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katsumi Shibata ◽  
Atsushi Shimizu ◽  
Tsutomu Fukuwatari
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Vitamin B1 Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Group

We aimed to determine the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency on vitamin contents of urine, liver, and blood. In the current study, rats were divided into 3 groups (n = 5, each group): the first was freely fed a complete diet (ad lib-fed control group); the second freely fed a vitamin B1-free diet (vitamin B1 deficient group); and the third pair-fed a complete diet with the same amounts of the vitamin B1 deficient group (pair-fed control group). The experimental period was for 15 days. The blood concentrations of vitamin B2, PLP, vitamin B12, folic acid, and biotin were lower in the pair-fed control than in the ad lib-fed control and those of nicotinamide and pantothenic acid were the same. We conclude that Vitamin B1 deficiency did not affect concentrations of the other B-group vitamins.

scholarly journals THE COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN B1 DEFICIENCY AND RESTRICTION OF FOOD INTAKE ON THE RESPONSE OF MICE TO THE LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS, AS DETERMINED BY THE PAIRED FEEDING TECHNIQUE

1944 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 257-264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Foster ◽  
James H. Jones ◽  
Werner Henle ◽  
Frieda Dorfman ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Maximum Difference ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Feeding Technique ◽  
Restricted Group ◽  
Vitamin B1 Deficiency ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Deficient Group

In a paired feeding experiment the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency and of restriction of food intake have been compared. In both groups of animals the number of cases of paralysis and the number of deaths were less than in a control group on an unrestricted amount of the complete diet. The maximum difference occurred on the 15th day after inoculation. The incidence of paralysis and death in the vitamin-deficient group was also less than in the paired restricted group. The maximum difference occurred on the 17th day following inoculation, after which the difference gradually became less. At the end of the experiment (28 days) there was a slightly greater number of deaths in the restricted group than in the vitamin-deficient group. Apparently the effect of vitamin B1 deficiency on the action of the virus of poliomyelitis in the mouse is not due solely to the resulting anorexia. From the 3rd to the 25th day after inoculation the animals were examined at hourly intervals throughout the day and night. On the 26th and 27th days they were examined every 3 hours. Except for two mice in the unrestricted group dying before the hourly examinations were begun, peripheral paralysis was observed in every animal which died.

Factors in the Effectiveness of Articulation Therapy with Educable Retarded Children

1970 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 304-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald K. Sommers ◽  
Robert H. Leiss ◽  
Dolores Fundrella ◽  
Walter Manning ◽  
Raymond Johnson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Speech Therapy ◽  
School Setting ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Prognostic Scores ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Speech Test ◽  
Weekly Group ◽  
Experimental Group

Articulation therapy was administered to 120 retarded subjects. Subjects were examined on two articulation tasks. One task was a version of the Carter/Buck Prognostic Speech Test, and the other a picture version of McDonald’s deep test of articulation. Subjects with both poor and good prognostic scores and moderate and severe degrees of articulatory defectiveness were selected. They were randomly assigned to (a) a control group of subjects receiving no speech therapy, (b) an experimental group of 60 subjects receiving one period of group articulation therapy weekly, or (c) an experimental group of 60 subjects receiving four periods of group articulation therapy weekly. Group articulation therapy was administered by four clinicians in a school setting. Subjects who received group articulation therapy four times per week during the experimental period significantly improved their articulation as measured on a picture deep test when compared with control group subjects. Subjects receiving group articulation therapy once weekly during the experimental period were not significantly improved compared with control group subjects. Significant differences between groups were not found on an imitative sentence articulation test.

scholarly journals Alteration in cholinesterases, γ-aminobutyric acid and serotonin level with respect to thiamine deficiency in Swiss mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 44 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223
Author(s):  
Anupama Sharma ◽  
Renu Bist
Keyword(s):  
Thiamine Deficiency ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Aminobutyric Acid ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serotonin Level ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Vitamin B1 Deficiency ◽  
Deficient Mice

Abstract Thiamine (vitamin B1), cofactor for various multi-enzyme complexes in energy metabolism, and plays a major role in the synthesis of cholinesterases such as acetylcholinesterase (AChE); butyrylcholinesterase (BChE). Present study deals with the changes in the cholinesterases, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and serotonin in mice brain following thiamine deficiency. Experimental mice (6–8 week old) were made thiamine deficient by intraperitoneal injection of pyrithiamine hydrobromide and fed with thiamine-deficient diet. Animals were divided into three groups, Group I (Control), Group II (thiamine deficient mice for 8 days), and Group III (thiamine deficient mice for 10 days). The higher serotonin level whereas significant decreases in the AChE, BChE and GABA level were recorded in treated groups as compared to control. Hence, vitamin B1 deficiency disturbs the cholinergic system and neurotransmitters levels in brain which may lead to neurodegenerative diseases.

Operant conditioning of heart rate in curarized rats: hemodynamic changes

1975 ◽  
Vol 228 (3) ◽  
pp. 870-874 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Gliner ◽  
SM Horvath ◽  
RR Wolfe
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Operant Conditioning ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Physiological Effects ◽  
Hemodynamic Changes ◽  
Heart Rate Conditioning

Three groups of curarized rats were subjected to operant heart rate conditioning with use of a shock-avoidance procedure while cardiac output, mean arterial pressure, and total peripheral resistance were measured. Heart rate changes in the control group remained constant during the entire 90-min experimental period, while cardiac output decreased significantly. Those rats that were reinforced for increasing their heart rate had a small but statistically significant increase in heart rate, but cardiac output decreased to approximately the same extent as in the control group. The group reinforced for decreasing their heart rate demonstrated a large, significant decrease in heart rate and an even larger drop in cardiac output, which was significantly greater than that of either of the other two groups. Operant conditioning of a single facet of the cardiovascular system resulted in significantly larger changes in other cardiovascular parameters, which may have been partly masked by the physiological effects of d-tubocurarine. Therefore, only when these other measures of cardiovascular function are taken into consideration can interpretation of operant heart rate conditioning become meaningful.

Right ventricular hypertrophy and polycythaemia in rats after intermittent exposure to hypoxia

1985 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 595-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Moore-Gillon ◽  
I. R. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Hypertension ◽  
Intermittent Hypoxia ◽  
Cell Mass ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Adult Rats ◽  
Male Adult ◽  
Significant Difference

1. Six groups of 20 male adult rats were maintained in an environmental chamber, each group for a period of 28 days. One group breathed air throughout its experimental period, and a second group breathed a normobaric atmosphere of 12% oxygen. The other four groups were exposed to this hypoxic atmosphere for only a proportion of each 24 h cycle: 2, 4 and 12 h daily, and eight periods of 30 min daily. 2. After 28 days, measurement was made, in each rat, of right ventricule (RV) weight and of red cell mass (RCM) by using 51Cr-labelled rat erythrocytes. 3. In the normoxic control group, RV weight corrected for log body weight in grams was 63.2 ± 1 mg/log body wt. and RCM was 2.02 ± 0.05 ml/100 g body wt. This was significantly less than in the group hypoxic for only 2 h each day for 28 days: RV weight 66.6 ± 0.8 mg/log body wt. (P < 0.05) and RCM 2.27 ± 0.05 ml/100g body wt. (P < 0.05). Greater increases compared with control were observed in all the other hypoxic groups. There was no significant difference in the increases in RV weight and RCM produced by daily hypoxia in a 4 h continuous period and daily hypoxia in eight 30 min periods. 4. The possible role of intermittent hypoxia in producing polycythaemia and pulmonary hypertension has been the subject of much speculation. Our results show that intermittent hypoxia is a potent stimulus to erythropoiesis and to pulmonary hypertension, reflected in RV hypertrophy. They support the view that abnormalities of respiration during sleep may be responsible for the polycythaemia and cor pulmonale seen in some patients with sleep apnoea syndromes and with chronic obstructive airways disease.

scholarly journals Intake and growth of steers offered different allowances of autumn grass and concentrates

2001 ◽  
Vol 72 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. French ◽  
E. G. O’Riordan ◽  
P. O’Kiely ◽  
P. J. Caffrey ◽  
A. P. Moloney
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Concentrate Supplementation ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Concentrate Level

AbstractThe aim of this experiment was to quantify the relationship between autumn grass supply and concentrate supplementation level on grass intake and animal performance. One hundred and ten continental steers (567 kg) were assigned to 10 treatments. The experimental design was a three grass allowances (6, 12 and 18 kg dry matter (DM) per head daily) by three concentrate levels: (0, 2·5 and 5 kg per head daily) factorial with a positive control group offered concentrates ad libitum and no grass. Grass allowance was offered daily and concentrates were given individually. The experiment began on 22 August and all animals were slaughtered after a mean experimental period of 95 days. Grass intake was calculated using the n-alkane technique and diet digestibility using ytterbium acetate as an indigestible marker. There was an interaction (P < 0·05) between grass allowance and concentrate level for grass intake. At the low grass allowance there was no effect of offering animals supplementary concentrates on grass intake, at the medium and high grass allowances, supplementary concentrates reduced grass intake by 0·43 and 0·81 kg DM respectively per kg DM concentrate offered. Increasing grass allowance increased (P < 0·001) complete diet organic matter (OM) digestibility at all concentrate levels and supplementary concentrates increased (P < 0·001) complete diet OM digestibility only at the low grass allowance. Both offering animals supplementary concentrates (P < 0·001) and increasing daily grass allowance (P < 0·001) increased their carcass growth rate. Relative to the animals offered the low grass allowance and no concentrate, supplementing with concentrate increased carcass growth by 116 g/kg concentrate DM eaten whereas increasing the grass allowance, increased carcass growth by 38 g/kg DM grass eaten. As a strategy for increasing the performance of cattle grazing autumn grass, offering supplementary concentrates offers more scope than altering grass allowance.

scholarly journals Effects of Mild and Severe Vitamin B1 Deficiencies on the Meiotic Maturation of Mice Oocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 117863881769382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ai Tsuji ◽  
Toshinobu Nakamura ◽  
Katsumi Shibata
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Meiotic Maturation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Severe Vitamin ◽  
Oocyte Meiosis

We investigated the effects of vitamin B1 deficiency on the meiosis maturation of oocytes. Female Crl:CD1 (ICR) mice were fed a 20% casein diet (control group) or a vitamin B1–free diet (test group). The vitamin B1 concentration in ovary was approximately 30% lower in the test group than in the control group. Oocyte meiosis was not affected by vitamin B1 deficiency when the deficiency was not accompanied by body weight loss. On the contrary, frequency of abnormal oocyte was increased by vitamin B1 deficiency when deficiency was accompanied by body weight loss (referred to as severe vitamin B1 deficiency; frequency of abnormal oocyte, 13.8% vs 43.7%, P = .0071). The frequency of abnormal oocytes was decreased by refeeding of a vitamin B1–containing diet (13.9% vs 22.9%, P = .503). These results suggest that severe vitamin B1 deficiency inhibited meiotic maturation of oocytes but did not damage immature oocytes.

scholarly journals VITAMIN STATUS OF LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERSUNDER THE INFLUENCE OF COMBAT STRESS

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 57-63
Author(s):  
N. N. Potolitsyna ◽  
E. R. Boyko
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Law Enforcement Officers ◽  
Komi Republic ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Combat Stress ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Vitamin Status ◽  
Vitamin B1 Deficiency ◽  
Different Levels

Law enforcement officers with different levels of combat stress (men, residents of the Komi Republic, n=33, 35,0 (32,0– 39,0) years old) were examined before (November) and after (March) trips to the combat zone. The control group included agents of the Ministry of emergency situations with a low level of stress (men, residents of the Komi Republic, 32,0 (30,0–35,0) years old). In total, law enforcement officers were shown to have a wide prevalence of vitamin deficiency: about 50% of persons had hypovitaminosis for vitamins A, E, about 35% — for vitamins B1, B2 and 24% — for vitamin C. A parallel study of the control group and law enforcement officers in November showed that initially there were more persons with reduced vitamin status in law enforcement officers, especially in the level of vitamins B1 and E. In March, after the arrival of law enforcement officers from the combat zone, they found a significant decrease in the percentage of persons with hypovitaminosis for vitamins A, E, C and an increase vitamin B1 deficiency. Changes vitamin status in the control group from November to March were not so significant.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF VITAMIN B1 DEFICIENCY AND OF RESTRICTED FOOD INTAKE ON THE RESPONSE OF MICE TO THE LANSING STRAIN OF POLIOMYELITIS VIRUS

1944 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire Foster ◽  
James H. Jones ◽  
Werner Henle ◽  
Frieda Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Saline Solution ◽  
Caloric Intake ◽  
Vitamin B1 ◽  
Vitamin Deficiency ◽  
Normal Brain ◽  
Stomach Tube ◽  
Deficient Diet ◽  
Complete Diet ◽  
Vitamin B1 Deficiency

In several experiments it was shown that a deficiency of vitamin B1 in the diet increased the resistance of mice to the Lansing strain of poliomyelitis. The source of the virus was a suspension of infected mouse brain in saline, which was injected intracerebrally. Both the mortality rate and the incidence of paralysis were lower in the deficient animals than in the normally fed controls. The protection was more pronounced with respect to paralysis than with respect to the number of deaths. Some deaths in the deficient groups were undoubtedly due to the vitamin deficiency, as indicated by numerous deaths among groups of animals which were given the deficient diet but injected with a suspension of normal brain. An attempt was made to maintain a state of chronic vitamin deficiency by giving small amounts of the vitamin. The results also seem to indicate that the effect of the deficiency was more in delaying the action of the virus than in preventing it. The greatest difference between normally fed and deficient animals receiving the virus came at about the 12th day after inoculation. Comparable results were obtained by restricting the intake of the complete diet to 1 gm. per mouse per day, which is about 40 per cent of the intake of the normally fed mice. Restriction of the caloric intake alone gave similar results. Restriction of food intake was effective in experiments in which extra vitamin B1 was given in the diet and also when a diluted saline solution was given by stomach tube to assure a sufficient intake of fluid. Other data are necessary before an explanation can be given for the manner in which these deficiencies increase the resistance of the mice to the virus of poliomyelitis.

scholarly journals In vitro evaluation of the effects of the interaction between irrigating solutions, intracanal medication and Er:YAG laser in dentin permeability of the endodontic system

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 278-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Pontes Raldi ◽  
José Luiz Lage-Marques
Keyword(s):  
Citric Acid ◽  
Er:Yag Laser ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Root Canals ◽  
Software Analysis ◽  
Dentin Permeability ◽  
Laser Group

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in vitro the effects of different associations between irrigating solutions (EDTA-T and citric acid), intracanal medicament (NDP), and Er:YAG laser irradiation on dentin permeability. Fifty-one extracted single-rooted teeth were instrumented and divided into seven groups. Groups GI and GII had final irrigation with a demineralizing solution only (EDTA-T and citric acid, respectively). Groups GIII and GIV had final irrigation with EDTA-T and citric acid, respectively, plus an association of irrigating solution and Er:YAG laser. Groups GV and GVI had final irrigation with EDTA-T and citric acid, respectively, plus an association of intracanal medication and Er:YAG laser. Group GVII (control group) had final irrigation with distilled water. All root canals were filled with NDP associated with rhodamine B dye. After the experimental period, the samples were transversely cut into six 2.0 mm thick slices for subsequent reading using the ImageLab software. Analysis of the results allowed us to conclude that there were statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) between the groups as to the penetration of the dye-intracanal medication solution. Groups III and IV presented smaller values of dentinal permeability when compared to the other groups. The best results were obtained with the interaction between a demineralizing irrigating solution and the association of intracanal medicament and laser Er:YAG (groups V and VI). In these groups the observed penetration of the intracanal medicament plus dye solution in the apical third was, on average, 29% greater than in the other groups.

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