Milk production, milk composition, and reproductive function of dairy cows fed different fats

2001 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. V. Petit ◽  
R. J. Dewhurst ◽  
J. G. Proulx ◽  
M. Khalid ◽  
W. Haresign ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Blood Concentrations ◽  
Flaxseed Meal ◽  
Fat Supplements

Thirty-five non-gestating multiparous Holstein cows averaging 571 kg of BW (SE = 8) were allotted at 9 wk postpartum to one of two dietary fat supplements based on either Megalac® (Volac Ltd., Roston, Hertfordshire, UK) and solvent extracted flaxseed meal (MEGA) or whole flaxseed treated with formaldehyde (FLAX) to determine the effects on milk production and composition, follicular development, gestation rate, and fatty acid (FA) composition of blood. Cows were fed a total mixed diet based on ryegrass silage and fat supplements for ad libitum intake. The experiment was carried out between weeks 9 and 19 of lactation. Dry matter (DM) intake and change in body weight were similar for cows fed MEGA and FLAX. Milk production was higher for cows fed MEGA than for those fed FLAX (19.8 vs. 18.6 kg d–1) as was 4% fat-corrected milk yield (22.9 vs. 20.2 kg d–1). Increased fat mobilization could have contributed to increased milk yield when cows were fed MEGA compared with when they were fed FLAX as plasma concentrations of non-esterified FA and cholesterol increased more from weeks 9 to 19 of lactation for cows fed MEGA. Milk fat percentage tended (P = 0.06) to be greater for cows fed MEGA (4.62%) compared with those fed FLAX (4.37%). Milk protein percentage was higher for cows fed FLAX (3.09%) than for those fed MEGA (2.95%), indicating that formaldehyde protection of flaxseed was adequate to partly prevent ruminal degradability of protein in the seed. Milk fatty acid concentrations of C8:0, C10:0, C12:0, C14:0, C14:1, C18:0, C18:3, and C20:5 were higher for cows fed FLAX than for those fed MEGA while the inverse was observed for C16:0, C16:1, C18:1, and C18:2. Cows fed FLAX had lower blood concentrations of C16:0 than those fed MEGA. There was a significant interaction (P < 0.05) between week and diet for C18:0 and C18:2 with a decrease in C18:0 blood concentration for cows fed MEGA and an increase for those fed FLAX between weeks 9 and 19, while the inverse was observed for C18:2. Blood concentrations of C18:1 were similar for both treatments. Conception rate was significantly lower for cows fed MEGA (50.0%) compared to those fed FLAX (87.5%). Diet had no effect on the size of the largest and second largest follicles, or on the difference between the diameter of the largest and second largest follicles. The number of class 1 (1.09 vs. 0.86), 2 (1.33 vs. 0.86), and 3 (1.28 vs. 0.98) follicles was similar for MEGA and FLAX although the total number (3.70 vs. 2.70) of follicles tended (P = 0.09) to be greater for cows fed MEGA than for those fed FLAX. These data suggest that dietary FA have an effect on gestation rate, but this could not be explained by differences in follicle dynamics or number. However, additional trials with greater numbers of animals are needed to confirm the reproductive results. Key words: Dairy, flaxseed, milk production, reproduction, fatty acids

scholarly journals Blood metabolites and fatty acid composition of milk and cheese from ewes fed oilseeds

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. Zhang ◽  
A. F. Mustafa ◽  
X. Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Plasma Metabolites ◽  
Blood Metabolites ◽  
Fat Percentage

Sixteen lactating Dorset ewes were used in a completely randomized design to determine the effects of oilseed supplementation on milk yield and composition, blood metabolites, cheese yield and composition and fatty acid profile of milk and cheese. Four iso-nitrogenous diets were formulated: a control diet (CT) with no oilseed supplementation, a flaxseed supplemented diet (FS), a sunflower seed supplemented diet (SF), and a canola seed supplemented diet (CS). Oilseed-supplemented diets were formulated to contain 7% fatty acids. Feeding oilseeds had no effect on dry matter intake. Milk yield was similar for ewes fed CT, FS and SF and was higher (P < 0.05) than that of ewes fed CS. Ewes fed oilseed-supplemented diets produced milk with higher (P < 0.05) protein and total solid percentages than those fed CT. However, milk fat percentage was only higher (P < 0.05) in the milk of ewes fed FS and SF relative to those fed CT. Actual cheese yield was higher (P < 0.05) from milk of ewes fed oilseed-supplemented diets relative to those fed CT. However, cheese composition was not affected by dietary treatments. Plasma concentrations of fatty acids and cholesterol were increased (P < 0.05) while plasma concentration of β-hydroxybutyrate (βHBA) was decreased (P < 0.05) by oilseed supplementation. However, plasma concentrations of glucose and mammary extraction rate of plasma metabolites were not influenced by oilseed feeding. Oilseed supplementation increased (P < 0.05) concentrations of unsaturated fatty acids in milk fat. The order of increase was SF > FS > CS. Feeding SF, FS and CS increased (P < 0.05) conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentration in milk by 83.5, 39.2 and 16.5%, respectively. Concentration of linolenic acid in milk was only increased (P < 0.05) by feeding FS. Changes in milk fatty acid profiles were reflected in the cheese. Key words: Ewes, oilseeds, milk, cheese, fatty acids

scholarly journals The Mode of Grass Supply to Dairy Cows Impacts on Fatty Acid and Antioxidant Profile of Milk

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1256
Author(s):  
Senén De La Torre-Santos ◽  
Luis J. Royo ◽  
Adela Martínez-Fernández ◽  
Cristina Chocarro ◽  
Fernando Vicente
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Zero Grazing

The optimization of milk production includes a rational use of forages, respect for the environment and offers the best quality to consumers. Milk production based on grass and forages produces healthier milk and it is widely spread throughout the Atlantic arc to maximize milk yield per hectare. However, the mode of offering the grass can have a major influence on milk composition. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of grass supply mode (grazing, zero-grazing or ensiling) on dairy cows’ performance, with particular reference to fatty acids and fat-soluble antioxidants concentration. A three by three Latin square experiment was performed with 18 dairy cows. Experimental treatments consisted of exclusive feeding with grass silage and zero-grazing, both offered ad libitum indoors, or grazing for 24 h. The results showed that grazing cows had a higher dry matter intake and greater milk yield than cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, as well as higher concentrations of protein, lactose, nonfat-solids and urea in milk than housed cows. Milk fat from grazing cows had a higher proportion of unsaturated fatty acids than from cows feeding on grass silage and zero-grazing, with significant differences in the proportion of vaccenic and rumenic acids. The 18:1 trans-11 to 18:1 trans-10 ratio is proposed as biomarker to identify the milk produced from the management system of grazing cattle. Milk from grazing cows had a greater proportion of lutein than cows eating grass silage, with the zero-grazing system having intermediate values. In conclusion, the mode of grass supply affects fatty acid and antioxidant profiles of milk.

scholarly journals Effect of feeding textured concentrates with alfalfa cubes to lactating dairy cows producing low fat milk

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 735-737 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Gardner ◽  
M. A. G. von Keyserlingk ◽  
J. A. Shelford ◽  
L. J. Fisher
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acid ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Lactating Dairy Cows ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

Twenty–one multiparous Holsteins were used in a cross over design with two 28-d periods. Cows were randomly assigned to two treatments to assess the effect of textured and pelleted concentrates fed with alfalfa cubes on feed intake, milk yield, milk composition and rumen volatile fatty acid concentrations. Those animals receiving the textured concentrate had significantly (P < 0.05) higher milk yield and milk fat percentage than did those animals fed the pelleted concentrate. A significant difference in the ratio of milk protein to milk fat was also observed with the cows receiving the pelleted concentrate having a ratio of 1.31 and the cows receiving the textured concentrate a ratio of 1.02. No significant (P < 0.05) differences were observed between the textured and pelleted feeds in total or individual volatile fatty acid concentrations. These results indicate that the feeding of textured concentrates can lead to an increase in milk fat production when compared with the feeding of pelleted concentrates. Key words: Dairy cattle, milk composition, textured and pelleted concentrate, VFA

Effect of condensed tannins inLotus corniculatusupon lactation performance in ewes

1996 ◽  
Vol 126 (3) ◽  
pp. 353-362 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Wang ◽  
G. B. Douglas ◽  
G. C. Waghorn ◽  
T. N. Barry ◽  
A. G. Foote
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Lactation Performance ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Secretion Rates

SUMMARYA grazing experiment was conducted for 8 weeks in the spring/summer of 1993 at Palmerston North, New Zealand, to study the effects of condensed tannins (CT) inLotus corniculatus(birdsfoot trefoil cv. Grasslands Goldie) upon the lactation performance of ewes rearing twin lambs. Effects of CT were evaluated by studying the responses of ewes to twice daily oral supplementation with polyethylene glycol (PEG; MW 3500), which binds and inactivates CT. A rotational grazing system with restricted feed allowance was used. Measurements were made of pre- and post-grazing herbage mass, the composition of the feed on offer and diet selected, voluntary feed intake (VF1), milk yield and composition, liveweight gain and wool production. The concentration of metabolites in rumen fluid and in blood plasma was also measured. Lotus contained 35–5 g total nitrogen and 44–5 g total CT/kg dry matter in the diet selected, with anin vitrodigestibility of 73%. At peak lactation (weeks 3 and 4) milk yield and composition were similar for control (CT-acting) and PEG-supplemented (CTinactivated) ewes but, as lactation progressed, the decline in milk production and in the secretion rates of protein and lactose were less for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes. In mid and late lactation (weeks 6–11), control ewes secreted more milk (21 %), more milk protein (14%) and more lactose (12%) than PEG-supplemented ewes. Milk fat percentage was lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes, but secretion rates of fat were similar for the two groups. VFI, liveweight gain and wool growth were similar for both groups. Plasma urea and glucose concentrations were lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes, but concentrations of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), growth hormone and insulin were similar for the two groups. The concentrations of ammonia and molar proportions ofiso-butyric,iso-andn-valeric acids in rumen fluid were lower for control than for PEG-supplemented ewes; molar proportions of acetic, propionic and H-butyric acids were similar for the two groups. It was concluded that for ewes rearing twin lambs grazingL. corniculatus, the action of CT increased milk yield and the secretion rates of protein and lactose without affecting VFI, thereby increasing the efficiency of milk production. The increased milk production did not appear to be mediated by effects on plasma concentrations of growth hormone or insulin.

Increasing Energy Ration of Bali Cattle to Improve Digestible Nutrient, Milk Yield and Milk Quality

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Suryani ◽  
I Wayan Suarna ◽  
Ni Putu Sarini ◽  
I Gede Mahardika
Keyword(s):  
Energy Intake ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Parent Body ◽  
Milk Quality ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Increase Energy Intake ◽  
Bali Cattle

To determine the effect of energy levels on digestible nutrient, milk production and milk quality of 7 months pregnant Bali cattle, was the purpose of this study. The study was conducted in Bali, Province of Indonesia on 12 pregnant breeding phase of pre-calving (2 months before the birth) with the parent body weight 329-340 kg/head. The treatment given is four types of Metabolizable Energy (ME) levels: 2000, 2100, 2200 and 2300/kg respectively as treatment A, B, C, and D. All ration contain 10% of crude protein. Variables measured: energy intake, digestible nutrient, milk yield, and milk quality. This research is a randomized block design. The results showed that increase energy ration until 2300 kcal ME/kg would significantly (P<0.05) increase energy intake and highest at cattle consumed ratio D is 22239.55 kcal/day. However, digestible nutrient was not affected. Milk production increased with increasing energy rations and highest (P<0.05) at cattle received treatment D is 2179.83 ml/day compared to treatment A 936.67 ml/day. Milk fat and milk lactose also highest (P<0.05) in treatment D are 8.56% and 4.76% respectively. Based on these results, it can be concluded that increase energy ration will increase energy intake, milk yield and milk fat and milk lactose of Bali cattle. 

An association analysis between PRL genotype and milk production traits in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 430-433 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jun Li ◽  
Aixin Liang ◽  
Zipeng Li ◽  
Chao Du ◽  
Guohua Hua ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Fat Content ◽  
Phenotypic Variance ◽  
River Buffalo ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Milk Production Traits ◽  
Exon 2 ◽  
Mediterranean River

This Research Communication describes the association between genetic variation within the prolactin (PRL) gene and the milk production traits of Italian Mediterranean river buffalo (Bufala mediterranea Italiana). High resolution melting (HRM) techniques were developed for genotyping 465 buffaloes. The association of genetic polymorphism with milk production traits was performed and subsequently the effects of parity and calving season were evaluated. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified at exons 2 and 5 and at introns 1 and 2. All the SNPs were in Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, and statistical analysis showed that the polymorphism of intron1 was significantly (P < 0·05) associated with milk yield, milk protein content and peak milk yield. The average contribution of the intron1 genotype (r2intron1) to total phenotypic variance in milk production traits was 0·09, and the TT genotype showed lower values than CC and CT genotypes. A nonsynonymous SNP was identified in exon 2, which resulted in an amino acid change from arginine to cysteine. Moreover, the polymorphism of exon 2 was associated significantly with milk fat content (P < 0·05), and the buffaloes with TT genotype showed higher total fat content than the buffaloes with CT genotype. These findings provide evidence that polymorphisms of the buffalo PRL gene are associated with milk production traits and PRL can be used as a candidate gene for marker-assisted selection in Italian Mediterranean river buffalo breeding.

scholarly journals PSI-3 Effects of housing cow-calf pairs in drylots vs pasture during the summer on cow performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 228-228
Author(s):  
Keiffer Sexton ◽  
Megan Myerscough ◽  
Wesley Chapple ◽  
William T Meteer ◽  
Keela Trennepohl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Binary Data ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Beef Cow ◽  
Dried Distillers Grains ◽  
Milk Urea ◽  
Cow Performance

Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effects of maintaining cows in drylots vs pasture on beef cow performance. Spring-calving, Simmental × Angus cows (n = 108; 84 ± 11 d postpartum) were stratified by age, BW, BCS, calving date, and sex of calves and allotted to 6 groups. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatments for 110 d: drylot (DL) or pasture (PAST). Drylot cows were limit-fed a ration consisting of corn silage, dried distillers grains, hay, corn stalks, corn, and soybean hulls to meet protein and energy requirements. Cows on pasture were rotationally grazed and offered free-choice mineral. On d 0, cows were artificially inseminated (AI). On d 0, 53, and 110 (weaning), cow BW and BCS were measured. On d 54 milk production was estimated using the weigh-suckle-weigh technique. Data were analyzed using the MIXED procedure of SAS. All binary data were analyzed using the GLIMMIX procedure of SAS. On d 0 and 53, cow BW did not differ (P ≥ 0.73) between DL and PAST. On d 110, DL cows had 74 kg greater (P &lt; 0.01) BW than PAST cows. The BCS did not differ (P ≥ 0.66) between treatments. There was no difference in milk production (P = 0.93); however, drylot cows tended (P = 0.10) to have reduced milk fat percentage and had reduced (P &lt; 0.01) milk urea nitrogen. There was no difference (P ≥ 0.34) in AI or overall pregnancy rates between treatments. There was no difference in foot angle or claw set (P ≥ 0.17) of cows at any time point. There was also no difference (P = 0.17) in foot treatments between DL (39%) and PAST (4%). Housing cows in drylots compared to pasture increased BW, but did not affect BCS, milk production, and pregnancy rates.

scholarly journals Milk production and its relationship with milk composition, body and udder morphological traits in Bedouin goat reared under arid conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 42552
Author(s):  
Fatima Kouri ◽  
Salima Charallah ◽  
Amina Kouri ◽  
Zaina Amirat ◽  
Farida Khammar
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Morphological Traits ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Arid Conditions ◽  
Daily Milk Yield ◽  
Daily Milk

 This research aims to assess the performances of lactating Bedouin goat under arid conditions, focusing on the relationship of milk yield with body and udder morphology and growth traits. Fourteen goats and their kids were followed during early lactation (90 days post-partum). Mean daily milk yield was 0.56 kg. Milk fat, proteins, lactose, solids non-fat and minerals were respectively 34.9, 38.9, 48.8, 107 and 6.7 g L-1. Mean kids’ birth weight, adjusted body weight at 90 days of age and average daily gain were respectively 2 kg, 6.6 kg and 51.4 g day-1. Daily milk yield was correlated with goats’ body weight, withers height, rump height, udder width and udder circumference but not with linear udder score and growth performances. These results provide important data about the milk production of Bedouin goat emphasizing its correlation with body and udder morphological traits which can help to elaborate a specific breeding program for this breed. 

Effects of feeding peas to high-producing dairy cows

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Corbett ◽  
L. A. Goonewardene ◽  
E. K. Okine
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Production ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Dairy Herd ◽  
Protein Source ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Stage Of Lactation ◽  
Nutrient Analyses ◽  
Protein Milk

The effect of substituting peas for soybean and canola meals as a protein source in a high-producing dairy herd was studied in 66 Holstein cows, divided into two groups based on stage of lactation, parity, level of milk production and days in milk. Two 18.5% crude protein grain concentrate diets were formulated based on the nutrient analyses of the forages available. The control grain mix contained standard protein sources, principally soybean and canola meal (SBM\CM) while the test grain mix was formulated to contain approximately 25% field peas as the major source of protein. Both grain rations were formulated to the same nutrient specifications and balanced for undegradable protein. The duration of the trial was 6 mo during which grain feeding levels were adjusted monthly based on milk yield. For cows in early lactation, 4% fat-corrected milk yield was higher (P < 0.05) for cows fed pea based concentrates (31.3 kg d−1) than for cows fed SBM\CM supplement (29.7 kg d−1). Fat-corrected milk yield was not affected by source of protein in mid- and late-lactation cows. Fat-corrected milk production was not different (P > 0.05) for cows fed SBM\CM compared with cows fed the pea supplement when cows across all stages of lactation were included in the analyses. Milk fat percent was significantly higher (P < 0.05) for early- and mid-lactation cows fed the pea supplement. The results suggest that peas can be substituted for SBM\CM as a protein source for high-producing dairy cows. Key words: Dairy cow, pea, soybean and canola meal supplement, undegradable protein, milk production

Effect of body condition at calving and level of feeding in early lactation on milk production of dairy cows

1982 ◽  
Vol 22 (115) ◽  
pp. 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
C Grainger ◽  
GD Wilhelms ◽  
AA McGowan
Keyword(s):  
Milk Production ◽  
Body Condition ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Body Condition Score ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Input Output ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Feeding Management ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Degree Of Confidence

Two experiments were carried out to measure effects of body condition at calving and different levels of feeding after calving on milk and subsequent reproduction.In experiment 1, which was conducted in two consecutive years, 162 cows (77 in year 1 and 85 in year 2) were group feed so as to reach a target body condition (condition scores ranging from 3-6) four weeks before calving. During the last four weeks before calving, all cows were managed so as to maintain their individual condition scores. At calving, cows in similar condition of similar breed and with similar previous milk production were allocated to high and low levels of feeding at pasture for the first five weeks of lactation. Mean pasture intakes were 13.0 and 7.0kg dry matter (DM)/cow.d in year 1 and 15.0 and 8.5 kg DM/cow.d in year 2In experiment 2, 40 cows were offered pasture and hay from 20 weeks before calving to achieve a body condition score of either 4 or 6 by two weeks before calving. During the first five weeks of lactation, cows were individually fed in stalls on freshly cut pasture at one of three levels of intake, 7 or 10 kg DM/cow.d or .In both experiments cows were grazed as one group from week 6 to 20 of lactation.Improved body condition at calving resulted in an extra 4.0, 11.0 and 7.4 kg milk fat per unit condition score over 20 weeks of lactation, for year 1 and 2 of experiment 1, and experiment 2, respectively. Cows in poorer condition partitioned a higher proportion of feed energy to liveweight at the expense of milk production than did the cows in better condition. However, increasing the plane of nutrition in early lactation resulted in higher levels of milk production and reduced the need for cows to mobilize bodyreserves. Improved body condition at calving had a positive effect on milk fat percentage, particularly in early lactation, but did not affect milk protein percentage. Input-output relations calculated from the experimental data showed that the benefit sf to improve body condition before calving was less than that of additional feeding after calvin changes in the condition of the cows were taken into consideration (25.8 vs 1 4.6 kg DM to yi kilogram of milkfat). Improvements in condition and feeding in early lactation reduced the anoestrus interval after calving by 5.7 d for each additional condition score at calving and 1. d for each additional kgDM/cow.d fed over weeks 1-5 of lactation. The input-output relations resented will enable farmers to assess the likely consequenes of changes in their feeding management in the crucial peripartum period with a greater degree of confidence than in the past.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document