Methane production from dairy and beef heifers fed forages differing in nutrient density using the sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) tracer gas technique

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-206 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Boadi ◽  
K. M. Wittenberg
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Cattle Breed ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Tracer Technique ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Breed Type ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effects of cattle breed type [dairy (Holstein) versus beef (Charolais × Simmental)] and forage quality (high, medium and low) on methane production were measured under ad-libitum and restricted feeding conditions. The in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVOMD) of the forage diets was high = 61.5%, medium = 50.7% and low = 38.5%. Each hay diet was fed to four animals (two dairy and two beef heifers) in three periods of four 3 × 3 Latin squares. Each period consisted of 23 d during which heifers were individually fed their assigned forage for 14 d on ad-ibitum feeding. Following this, intake was restricted to 2% of body weight (BW) for 9 d. Methane production was measured for five 24-h intervals in each period at both levels of intake using the SF6 gas technique. Methane production was not different (P > 0.05) between dairy (238.0 ± 6.9 L d-1) and beef cattle (228.6 ± 7.8 L d-1) under either level of feeding. Forage quality affected CH4 (L d-1) output, with high = medium > low during ad-libitum feeding. This effect of forage quality on CH4 production was absent during restricted feeding (P > 0.05). Day-to-day variation in CH4 production was 26.9 and 27.1% on ad-libitum and restricted feeding respectively (P < 0.05), whereas animal-to-animal variation (P < 0.05) was 26.6% (ad libitum) and 25.3% (restricted). On ad-libitum feeding, dry matter intake (DMI) was strongly correlated (P = 0.0001; r = 0.8) with CH4 production (L d-1), and accounted for 64% of daily variation in CH4 production. Methane [L kg-1 digestible organic matter intake (DOMI)] was highest (P < 0.05) on low-quality diets under both feeding regimes, and was not influenced (P > 0.05) by cattle type. Methane production as a percent of gross energy intake (GEI) was not influenced by diet. It can be concluded that the SF6 tracer technique provides a measure of enteric CH4 production directly from animals under production conditions. There were no differences in CH4 production between dairy and beef breeds, but the quality of forages affected CH4 production under both ad-libitum and restricted feeding. Key words: Methane, SF6 tracer technique, cattle breed type, forage quality, level of intake

scholarly journals Effect of restricted feeding in the far-off period on performance and metabolic status of dairy cows

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-100
Author(s):  
Włodzimierz Nowak ◽  
Robert Mikuła ◽  
Ewa Pruszyńska-Oszmałek ◽  
Barbara Stefańska ◽  
Paweł Maćkowiak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Transition Period ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Fibre Diet ◽  
System Recommendation ◽  
Holstein Friesian ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractThe aim of the study was to investigate experimentally the effects of restricted or ad libitum feeding in the far-off period on performance of dairy cows. Two groups of Polish Holstein-Friesian cows having 19 animals in each group were allotted to two planes of nutrition in the far-off period from -56 to -22 days. The ADLIB group was fed ad libitum (DMI 12.9 kg) while in the RES group the dry matter intake was restricted by 3 kg DM compared to the average dry matter during the last 7 days in the ADLIB group. Average daily energy intake decreased from 8.90 UFL in the ADLIB to 6.83 UFL in the RES group. In the close-up period and after parturition, the cows of both groups were given the same diet. In restrictively fed cows, there was a tendency to a greater decrease in BCS during both the dry period (P=0.09) and lactation (P=0.07). After parturition milk production, fertility indices and blood concentration of IGF-1, insulin and glucose were not significantly affected by the far-off treatment. In the RES group, lower BHBA 3 days before calving and on day 5 of lactation and lower NEFA on day 28 of lactation were recorded. Also in this group higher levels of glucose 3 days before calving, triiodothyronine (T3) on days -30 and 5, and thyroxine (T4) on days -3 and 28 were observed. It is concluded that restricted feeding in the far-off period positively affected blood indicators of lipomobilization during the transition period, but had little effect on performance of lactating cows. In spite of low energy, high-fibre diet offered ad libitum in the faroff period resulted in the energy overfeeding compared to the INRA system recommendation.

Phenotypic relationships among methane production traits assessed under ad libitum feeding of beef cattle

2017 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
T. Bird-Gardiner ◽  
P. F. Arthur ◽  
I. M. Barchia ◽  
K. A. Donoghue ◽  
R. M. Herd
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Production Traits ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Critical role of food amount for prefeeding corticosterone peak in rats

1983 ◽  
Vol 245 (3) ◽  
pp. R339-R344 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. I. Honma ◽  
S. Honma ◽  
T. Hiroshige
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Hormone Level ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Plasma Corticosterone ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The effects of food on plasma corticosterone levels were examined in rats under restricted daily feeding or prolonged food deprivation. High hormone levels before feeding were observed when the daily meal was restricted to 2 h at a fixed time of day, but it was not detected when food availability was extended to 6 h. The amount of food intake under the latter condition was comparable to that in 24 h of ad libitum feeding. After the termination of restricted feeding, the prefeeding hormone peak was maintained in rats fasted subsequently but disappeared when rats were returned to ad libitum feeding. Food deprivation for 10 days increased plasma corticosterone levels in the light period, resulting in abolition of the circadian rhythm. A subsequent meal decreased the hormone level such that the 24-h mean hormone level after food ingestion was inversely related to the amount of food intake. When rats were allowed to feed for 6 h after prolonged food deprivation, the prefeeding hormone peak observed at the second meal disappeared at the fourth meal. The amount of food consumption in these rats increased and reached a level comparable to that with ad libitum feeding at the third meal. It is concluded that the amount of food intake is critical for the development and maintenance of the prefeeding hormone peak under restricted feeding; prolonged fasting.

Efficiency of conversion of food to wool. III. Wool production of ewes selected for high clean wool weight and of random control ewes on restricted and unrestricted food intakes in pens

1968 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 1009 ◽  
Author(s):  
CHS Dolling ◽  
LR Piper
Keyword(s):  
Wool Fibre ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Energetic Efficiency ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
Wool Production ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

The clean wool production (W), gross energy intake (I), and body weight (B) of individually fed medium Peppin ewes representative of two groups, one (selected, S) genetically superior in W to the other (control, C), have been measured under restricted and ad libitum feeding of lucerne chaff in pens. Differences in favour of the S group were observed for W and W/I under both regimes, the respective relative values of S/C being under restricted feeding 110/100 and 112/100, and under ad libitum feeding 113/100 and 112/100. Of these between-group differences, only W/I on restricted feeding was significant (P < 0.05). Differences between groups for B and I were small and not significant. On restricted feeding the S/C values were 98/100 for both; on ad libitum feeding they were 99/100 for B and 101/100 for I. When the data from the two feeding regimes were combined, the between-group differences in both W and W/I were significant (P < 0.05), but no significant group x nutritional level interaction was observed in any character. The two levels of nutrition in the pens yielded wool production rates similar to those observed contemporaneously on natural pastures. There were large positive phenotypic correlations between net efficiency (W/I under restricted feeding) and gross efficiency (W/I under ad libitum feeding), and between net efficiency and W under both regimes. There were also positive phenotypic correlations between I and both W (moderate) and B (large) under ad libitum feeding. W/I accounted for 92% of the between-group (genetic) and 70% of the within-group (phenotypic) variation in W. There was no significant difference in plasma protein-bound iodine (PBI) between S and C ewes, while correlations between W and PBI were not significant within either group. The energetic efficiency of the wool production process is discussed; in this experiment no more than 1.5% of the energy consumed appeared as energy in the form of wool fibre.

A comparison of the digestibility by pigs of whole and rolled sorghum grain fed either in restricted amounts or ad libitum

1969 ◽  
Vol 9 (37) ◽  
pp. 127 ◽  
Author(s):  
RM Beames
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Feeding Time ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Whole Grain ◽  
Daily Feeding ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Sorghum Grain

Digestibility comparisons were made between whole and rolled sorghum when pigs were fed either ad libitum or at restricted levels. The method of restriction was to limit each of two daily feeding periods to 15 minutes. The organic matter and N.F.E. digestibility coefficients were higher for rolled grain than for whole grain. Restriction of feeding time had no significant effect on digestibility coefficients of rolled grain. The data indicate a tendency for digestion to be poorest when whole grain is given for restricted feeding periods.

Growth performance and carcass composition in beef heifers undergoing catch-up (compensatory) growth

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1021-1029 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Yambayamba ◽  
M. A. Price
Keyword(s):  
Compensatory Growth ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Slaughter Weight ◽  
Permanent Effect ◽  
Catch Up ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Fifty-three Hereford crossbred heifers (211 ± 28 (mean ± SD) kg; 197 ± 13 d of age at day 1) were used to study catch-up growth and its effects on carcass composition. Five heifers were slaughtered on day 1; the remaining 48 were randomly penned in groups of six and assigned to treatments as follows: three pens to ad libitum feeding (target gain > 1.0 kg d−1); three pens to 2 mo of feed restriction (target gain 0.5 kg d−1); followed by realimentation; and two pens to 4 mo of feed restriction (target gain: 2 mo at 0.5 kg d−1 and 2 mo at 0.0 kg d−1) followed by realimentation. Animals from one pen were slaughtered from each treatment after 2 mo, after 4 mo, and at a final slaughter weight of about 410 kg. During the final period (4 mo to slaughter), growth rate was greater (P < 0.05) in the 4-mo than in the 2-mo restricted–realimented animals or the ad-libitum-fed animals (1.91 vs. 1.18 vs. 1.02 kg d−1), respectively. Feed restriction for 2 mo had no significant effect on the composition of the three-rib cut, but 4 mo of feed restriction was associated with significantly lower and higher (P < 0.05) proportions of fat and bone, respectively, in the three-rib cut. Muscle proportion was not affected by treatment. At the final slaughter weight, no significant differences were found among treatments in the tissue proportions of the three-rib cut. It is concluded that 2 or 4 mo of feed restriction, starting at 6 mo of age, has no permanent effect on a heifer's live weight or body composition. Key words: Heifers, feed restriction, realimentation, compensatory growth, carcass composition

Genetic and phenotypic relationships between performance test and reproduction traits in Large White pigs

1996 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-540 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Kerr ◽  
N. D. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Performance Test ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Daily Food Intake ◽  
Daily Food ◽  
Reproduction Traits ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

AbstractGenetic and phenotypic relationships between performance test and reproduction traits were estimated, after five generations of divergent selection for components of efficient lean growth, in a population of Large Wltite pigs. On ad-libitum feeding, a total of 4334 pigs were performance tested, of which 884 selected gilts had measurements of reproduction traits. On a restricted feeding regime, 1558 pigs were tested, which included 336 selected gilts with reproduction records. For pigs given food ad libitum, genetic correlations between litter weights at birth and weaning with daily food intake (0·48 and 0·42, s.e. 0·16) and with growth rate on test (0·65 and 0·52) were positive, but correlations with backfat depths were not significantly different from zero. For pigs given food at a restricted level, litter birth weight was positively genetically correlated with growth rate (0·50, s.e. 0·18) and negatively correlated with backfat depths (-0·48, s.e. 0·16). Phenotypic and environmental correlations between performance test and reproduction traits were all less than 0·10 in magnitude, for pigs tested on either feeding regime. The variation in backfat depth enabled detection of a non-linear relationship between predicted breeding values for litter weight at birth with predicted breeding values for average backfat depth of farrowing gilts performance tested on ad-libitum feeding, but not for gilts tested on restricted feeding. The positive genetic correlations between growth rate and daily food intake with litter traits suggested that selection strategies which change growth and daily food intake may result in relatively greater genetic changes in piglet growth rate than in litter size.

scholarly journals PSII-34 Comparison of the activity level of high and low residual feed intake beef steers

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 217-217
Author(s):  
Sheyenne M Augenstein ◽  
Emily M Andreini ◽  
James W Oltjen ◽  
Roberto Sainz
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Residual Feed Intake ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Beef Steers ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Nutritional Conditions ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Right ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding

Abstract Activity level may affect residual feed intake (RFI), and cattle that move more may have less energy for gain. We compared activity level in high and low RFI beef steers under different nutritional conditions. Lying time, lying duration and lying bouts were recorded at 1-minute intervals utilizing Hobo G Pendant Loggers attached to the right hind leg. To identify RFI classification, 57 Angus-cross steers were individually housed and offered ad libitum access to a TMR for 56 d. RFI was defined as the residual of the regression of DMI on mid-test BW0.75 and ADG. High and low RFI groups (14 steers each) were defined as &gt; 0.5 SD above or below the mean of zero, respectively. Ad libitum feeding was followed by restricted feeding at 75% of previous ad libitum DMI/BW0.75. After 56 d ad libitum feeding, steers were moved to group pens, ad libitum fed 4 days (ADLIBFED), then fasted 4 days (ADLIBFASTED). This was followed by the 56 d individual restricted feeding, after which, steers were moved to group pens, fed 4 days of restricted DMI (RESTRICTFED), then fasted 4 days (RESTRICTFASTED). There was no difference in lying time (800 and 804 minutes/day, P = 0.85), lying bouts per day (9.8 and 11.4, P = 0.16) and lying duration (99 and 84 minutes/bout, P = 0.18) between low RFI and high RFI cattle, respectively. Fasted animals had less lying time each day (P &lt; 0.05), manifested by fewer lying bouts per day (P &lt; 0.05), that tended (P &gt; 0.05) to be slightly longer than fed animals. Ad lib animals tended (P &gt; 0.05) to have less lying time each day, with a similar number of lying bouts per day, that were slightly (P &gt; 0.05) shorter than restricted animals. Although activity is not affected by RFI level, results suggest that periods of limited feed availability increases activity level.

scholarly journals A comparative investigation on the use of rapeseed oil and soybean oil in the feeding of swine

1959 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 251-258
Author(s):  
L. Paloheimo ◽  
Paavo Roine ◽  
Erkki Uksila ◽  
Ritva Sirenius ◽  
Helle Sauri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rapeseed Oil ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Comparative Investigation ◽  
Net Energy ◽  
Restricted Feeding ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ad Libitum Feeding ◽  
Food Mixture

For the purpose of comparing the effects of rapeseed oil and soybean oil on the weight increment and thriving of young pigs two experiments were performed. The first experiment was made with 12 and the second with 10 pigs divided into two groups, groups R receiving rapeseed oil and groups S receiving soybean oil in their food. The share of added oil in the net energy content of the food mixture was 34.5 %. Each experiment was divided into a period of restricted feeding and a period of ad libitum feeding. During the restricted feeding no marked differences between the two groups could be noticed, but during the ad libitum feeding in the second experiment the animals of group S showed a better appetite and a more rapid weight development than their mates in group R. In addition, there was a difference in the consumption of drinking water between the two groups in each experiment. The animals of groups R consumed more water than their mates. In the investigation of the bodies after slaughtering no differences were noticeable between the groups.

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