Performance of growing and finishing cattle supplemented with a slow-rlease urea product and urea

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 567-573 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. O. Tedeschi ◽  
M. J. Baker ◽  
D. J. Ketchen ◽  
D. G. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Slow Release ◽  
System Modeling ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Protein System ◽  
N Deficiency ◽  
Slow Release Urea

Two growth trials were conducted to study the performance of Angus Crossbred steers supplemented with a slow-release urea product (Optigen® 1200, O) and urea (U). The base diets were composed of corn silage alone during the growth period and corn silage plus cracked corn during the finishing period. Trial 1 consisted of 40 animals [272 ± 4 kg body weight (BW)] individually fed the base diets and six treatments, which were based on corn silage alone and cracked corn supplemented with U or O to supply 50 (U50, O50) or 100% (U100, O100) of the ruminal N deficiency (U50, O50, U100, and O100) as predicted by the Cornell Net Carbohydrate and Protein System (CNCPS), or with U and O each supplying half of the CNCPS predicted N deficiency (U25O25). In trial 2, 120 pen-fed animals (241 ± 7 kg BW) received the base diets and four combinations of U and O ( U100O0, U66O34, U34O66, and U0O100), which were designed to supply 100% of the ruminal N deficiency predicted by the CNCPS. In trial 1, no differences (P > 0.05) in performance were observed between the U100 and O100 treatments, but animals in the U50 treatment had a greater average daily gain (ADG) (P < 0.05) and feed conversion (P < 0.05) than animals on O50 treatment. In trial 2, combinations of U and O did not affect animal performance (P > 0.05). No differences were observed in carcass characteristics and predicted carcass and empty body fat for both trials (P > 0.05). We concluded there was no improvement in animal performance when urea was substituted by a slow-release urea/NH3 product at levels normally found in feedlot cattle diets. Key words: Cornell net carbohydrate and protein system, modeling, nutrition, growth, non-protein nitrogen

scholarly journals MONENSINA E URÉIA DE LIBERAÇÃO LENTA NO DESEMPENHO DE BOVINOS CONFINADOS

2000 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A.M. GELINSKI ◽  
J.L. ANDRIGUETTO ◽  
P. ROSSI Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feedlot Cattle ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Association Group ◽  
True Protein ◽  
Slow Release Urea

O objetivo do presente experimento foi determinar os efeitos do ionóforo monensina (Rumensin ), uma fonte de uréia de liberação lenta (Anipro ) e sua associação em bovinos confinados. Foram utilizados 92 bovinos bloqueados por raça e peso e distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos: grupo controle (n=23); grupo Rumensin (n=25); grupo Anipro (n=23); e o grupo da associação de ambos (n=22). Os animais receberam dietas totais misturadas a base de silagem de milho, milho moído e caroço de algodão, contendo níveis iguais de energia (70% NDT) e proteína bruta (12%). Os dois grupos que receberam Anipro apresentaram ingestão alimentar significativamente menor do que os grupos controle e Rumensin , o que levou a ganho médio diário, peso final e peso de carcaça significativamente menores, porém sem efeito sobre conversão alimentar ou rendimento de carcaça. Não se observou qualquer efeito de Rumensin , possivelmente devido ao baixo nível de proteína bruta da dieta, ou também ao baixo nível de proteína verdadeira da dieta. Também não houve efeito significativo da interação entre os dois componentes. Monensin and slow-release urea on the performance of feedlot steers Abstract The objective of the present experiment was to determine the effects of the ionophore monensin (Rumensin ), a slow-release source of urea (Anipro ) and their association on feedlot cattle. A total of 92 steers were blocked by breed and weight and were randomly assigned to four groups: Control group (n=23); Rumensin group (n=25); Anipro group (n=23); and the association group (n=22). They received total mixed rations based on corn silage, ground corn and cottonseed, with equal levels of energy (70% TDN) and crude protein (12%). Both groups receiving Anipro showed a significantly lower feed intake, which led to significantly lower average daily gain, slaughter and carcass weight, with no effect on feed conversion and carcass yield. No effect of Rumensin was seen, possibly due to the low crude protein level of the diets, as well as the low level of true protein. There was also no significant effect on the interaction of the two components.

The effects of partial substitution of soybean with urea or slow-release urea on finishing performance, meat quality, and digestion parameters of Nellore steers

2018 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2242 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. R. Corte ◽  
F. O. Brito ◽  
P. R. Leme ◽  
A. S. C. Pereira ◽  
J. E. Freitas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Partial Substitution ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Microbial Protein ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Slow Release Urea

The effects of substituting ~50% of the soybeans in the diet of finishing Nellore steers with either urea (U) and/or slow-release urea (SRU) on the steer performance and meat quality were assessed in two experiments. In the first experiment, 46 Nellore steers in a 104-day experiment (Exp. 1) were fed a Control diet with U or SRU or U+SRU. In Experiment 2 (Exp. 2), digestibility and microbial protein (MCP) synthesis were assessed in four steers by using a 4 × 4 Latin square design with 21-day periods. Four corn-based diets were used in both Exp. 1 and 2. (1) Control (CTL): 0% of non-protein nitrogen (NPN). (2) U: 1.66% of NPN. (3) SRU: 1.8% of NPN. (4) U+SRU: 1.72% of NPN. In Exp. 1, final bodyweight, average daily gain, dry matter intake, Gain to Feed ratio, carcass traits and steer meat quality were not influenced by the experimental diets. In Exp. 2, the apparent digestibility was similar for all diets, and the MCP synthesis was affected by dietary treatments (P = 0.065). The NPN treatments showed 25.5% more (P = 0.03) MCP efficiency (g microbial protein/kg of total digestible nutrient content consumed) than the CTL. We conclude that the partial replacement of SBM with U, SRU or U+SRU will provide similar animal performance without negatively impacting carcass and meat quality and improve the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis in Nellore cattle.

scholarly journals 340 Impact of essential oils blend on beef cattle performance and carcass characteristics in diets with increasing corn silage inclusions

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 138-139
Author(s):  
Hannah C Wilson ◽  
Henry Hilscher ◽  
Zachary E Carlson ◽  
Bradley M Boyd ◽  
Andrea K Watson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Feed Ratio ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A feedlot study was conducted comparing a natural feed additive (essential oils blend) at varying silage inclusions on receiving and finishing performance. The study utilized 480 crossbred steers (initial shrunk BW 296 kg ± 7.72 kg) in 48 pens with 10 steers/pen and 8 pens per treatment. Treatments were designed as a 2 × 3 factorial with 3 inclusions of corn silage [14, 47, 80 %; dry matter (DM) basis] with or without (+, -) the inclusion of an essential oils (EO) blend. All treatment diets contained 16% modified distillers grains plus solubles and 4% supplement with dry-rolled corn replacing corn silage (CS) on a DM basis. Steers were fed at 80% CS inclusion and adapted to 47% and 14% CS over a 10 and 24-d period, respectively. Cattle fed 80% CS were fed for 238 days, 47% CS for 195 days, and 14% CS were fed for 168 days to a common backfat of 1.28 cm (P > 0.59). There were no interactions for corn silage inclusion and the inclusion of essential oils on final body weight (FBW), dry matter intake (DMI), average daily gain (ADG), gain to feed ratio (G:F), hot carcass weight (HCW), longissimus muscle (LM) area, marbling, or calculated yield grade (CYG; P > 0.15). There was no significant difference for FBW, DMI, ADG, G:F, HCW, LM area, marbling, or CYG for cattle fed EO or no EO. However, there was a quadratic response for FBW, ADG, G:F, HCW, marbling and CYG with increased inclusion of corn silage (P < 0.04). Feeding corn silage at greater inclusions decreased animal performance but increased final body weight when fed to an equal fatness. Essential oils did not affect animal performance or carcass characteristics. However, feeding greater amounts of corn silage can be an economical way to finish cattle.

scholarly journals Performance and serum chemistry profile of lambs fed on rations with increasing levels of urea

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 919
Author(s):  
Diana Rosana Vivian ◽  
Américo Fróes Garcez Neto ◽  
José Antônio Freitas ◽  
Sergio Rodrigo Fernandes ◽  
Sandra Rozanski
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Randomized Design

Feed intake and efficiency, animal performance, and protein and energy metabolism were studied in lambs that were fed on increasing levels of urea (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% of dry matter [DM]). A completely randomized design was used, with four treatments (urea levels) and six replicates. The lambs were fed ad libitum for 56 days until they reached an average body weight of 35 kg. The rations were composed of 34% Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) and 66% concentrate. Crude protein (CP) constituted 17% of the diet on a dry matter basis, and total digestible nutrients (TDN) accounted for 65%, on average. The dry matter intake (DMI) and crude protein intake (CPI) were not influenced by the urea levels in the diet, presenting average values of 1.175 and 0.206 kg animal-1 day-1, respectively. The average daily gain (ADG), feed conversion ratio (FCR) and gross feed efficiency (GFE) were also not influenced by urea levels (0.225 kg day-1, 5.33 kg DM kg gain-1 and 0.195 kg gain kg DM-1, respectively). Except for urea and glucose concentrations, blood parameters did not change with increasing urea in the diets. The mean values for total protein, albumin, globulin and creatinine in the serum were 7.11 g dL-1, 3.36 g dL-1, 3.75 g dL-1 and 0.91 mg dL-1, respectively. Serum urea decreased linearly and serum glucose increased linearly with urea levels in the diet. The addition of 1.5% of urea to the diets did not change feed intake and efficiency or animal performance, and did not cause metabolic disorders in feedlot lambs in the finishing phase.

scholarly journals Effect of Fresh Citrus Pulp Supplementation on Animal Performance and Meat Quality of Feedlot Steers

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 3338
Author(s):  
Santiago Luzardo ◽  
Georgget Banchero ◽  
Virginia Ferrari ◽  
Facundo Ibáñez ◽  
Gonzalo Roig ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Steers ◽  
Citrus Pulp

The use of fruit by-products such as citrus pulp represents a feeding ingredient that deserves to be evaluated as an energy source in animal rations. Thirty-six British breed steers were allotted to one of the three feeding treatments (12 steers/treatment): 0%, 15% and 30% of fresh citrus pulp inclusion in the ration in a randomized complete block design to evaluate animal performance and carcass and meat quality traits. In the present study, the inclusion of fresh citrus pulp up to 30% of the diet did not affect the animal average daily gain (p > 0.05) but steers that were fed the pulp consumed less feed (p < 0.05) and presented a lower feed conversion ratio (p < 0.05) than their counterparts without citrus pulp in their diet. No effect of fresh citrus pulp was observed on carcass and meat quality (p > 0.05). A greater lipophilic antioxidant capacity (p < 0.05) in meat was observed when fresh citrus pulp was offered at 15% of the diet. Fresh citrus pulp used up to 30% as a feed ingredient in feedlot rations does not negatively affect animal performance or meat quality but, rather, has a positive effect on dry matter intake and a better feed conversion ratio.

scholarly journals Performance and metabolic pattern of feedlot lambs using soyabean hulls associated to different non-protein nitrogen sources

2012 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 449-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evaneo Alcides Ziguer ◽  
Victor Fernando Büttow Roll ◽  
Rogério Fôlha Bermudes ◽  
Paula Montagner ◽  
Luiz Francisco Machado Pfeifer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Profile ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Metabolic Pattern ◽  
Feedlot Lambs ◽  
High Level

The aim of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of the use of soyabean hulls associated with two sources of non-protein nitrogen (NPN) on the finishing of feedlot lambs. Eighty crossbred Suffolk non-castrated lambs aging 69±6 days and weighing 23.11±1.78 kg were used. Lambs were randomly allocated into 4 experimental groups according to the NPN source: conventional urea (1%); protected urea; 1% protected urea + 0.5% conventional urea; and a control group, which did not receive urea supplementation. Blood samples were collected weekly to determine the plasma concentrations of urea, albumine, γ-glutamiltransferase (GGT), calcium and phosphorus. The control group had higher average daily gain and final weight than protected urea and protected urea + conventional urea groups; however, it did not differ from the conventional urea group. No differences between the groups were observed for dry matter intake, feed conversion or warm carcass yield and carcass finishing. Regarding the serum protein profile, the o group fed conventional urea had higher serum concentration of urea than that of protected + conventional urea. Urea supplementation did not improve the performance of feedlot lambs fed diets with high level of soybean hulls.

scholarly journals Nutritional value and in situ degradability of oak wood roughage and its feeding effects on growth performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers during the early fattening period

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 930-940
Author(s):  
Ye Ri Ju ◽  
Youl Chang Baek ◽  
Sun Sik Jang ◽  
Young Kyoon Oh ◽  
Sung Suk Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rice Straw ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Pine Trees ◽  
And Behavior

Objective: This study was conducted to evaluate changes in nutritional value and <i>in situ</i> dry matter (DM) degradability of oak and pine wood before and after steam-digestion process (60 min/160°C/6 atm) and feeding effect of the oak roughage on performance and behavior of Hanwoo steers.Methods: Chemical composition and tannin concentration were analyzed for oak and pine trees before and after the pretreatment. <i>In situ</i> DM and effective degradability of these samples were assessed using a nylon bag method. <i>In vivo</i> trial was performed to estimate animal performance and behavior, using steers fed total mixed ration (TMR) diets containing 0% (control), 25% (OR-25), and 50% (OR-50) of the oak roughage. Eighteen steers were allocated into nine pens (2 steers/pen, 3 pens/treatment) for 52 days according to body weight (BW) and age.Results: By the steam-digestion treatment, the neutral detergent-insoluble fiber was decreased from 86.5% to 71.5% for oak and from 92.4% to 80.5% for pine, thereby increasing non-fiber carbohydrate. <i>In situ</i> DM degradability of treated oak reached 38% at 72 h, whereas that of untreated oak was only 11.9%. The 0 h degradability of the treated pine increased from 5.9% to 12.1%, but the degradability was unchanged thereafter. Animal performance including BW, average daily gain, DM intake, and feed conversion ratio was not different among control and oak treatments. No differences were detected in animal behavior such as lying, standing, rumination, drinking, and eating, except walking. Walking was higher in control than oak treatments with numerically higher eating and lower lying times, probably due to bulkier characteristics of rice straw in the diet.Conclusion: This study demonstrates that the oak roughage can be substituted for 50% of total forage or 100% of rice straw in TMR diets at early fattening stage of Hanwoo steers.

scholarly journals Essential Oils in the Diet of Crossbred (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore) Bulls Finished in Feedlot on Animal Performance, Feed Efficiency and Carcass Characteristics

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dayane Cristina Rivaroli ◽  
Rodolpho Martin Do Prado ◽  
Mariana Garcia Ornaghi ◽  
Camila Mottin ◽  
Tatiane Rogério Ramos ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Feed Efficiency ◽  
Sweet Orange ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Animal Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Final Body Weight ◽  
Daily Gain

This experiment was carried out to evaluate the animal performance, feed efficiency and carcass characteristics of 27 crossbred bulls (½ Angus vs. ½ Nellore), finished in feedlot for 120 days, with the addition of distinct levels of essential oils in the diets. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized trial and animals were distributed into three treatments: control (CON), addition of 500 mg/kg of DM/animal/day of a mix of essential oils (E500), and addition of 1000 mg/kg of DM/animal/day of a mix of essential oils (E1000). The essential oils supplemented to the diets were based on a combination of vegetal extracts from: oregano, garlic, lemon, rosemary, thymus, eucalyptus and sweet orange. The bulls had an average age of 12±2 months and weight of 243.4±6.8 kg when the trial started. The roughage and concentrate ratio was 10% and 90%, respectively. The inclusion of essentials oils in the diets did not affect final body weight, average daily gain, and feed intake, but there was a tendency for improved feed efficiency for the E500 treatment. The ADG ranged from 1.55 to 1.70. Average DMI and feed conversion were 7.07 kg/day and 4.31, respectively. Essentials oil levels did not affect the carcass characteristics. More studies are needed to elucidate the synergism of combinations of essential oils in the rumen.

scholarly journals A Meta-Analysis of the Effects of Slow-Release Urea Supplementation on the Performance of Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 657
Author(s):  
Saheed A. Salami ◽  
Colm A. Moran ◽  
Helen E. Warren ◽  
Jules Taylor-Pickard
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Finishing Cattle ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Finishing Beef Cattle

Slow-release urea (SRU) is a coated non-protein nitrogen (NPN) source for ruminant nutrition. This study applied a meta-analytic technique to quantify the effect of a commercial SRU (Optigen®, Alltech Inc., Nicholasville, KY, USA) on the performance of beef cattle. Data were extracted from 17 experiments and analysed using the random-effects model to estimate the effect size of SRU on dry matter intake (DMI), crude protein intake (CPI), live weight gain (LWG) and feed efficiency (FE) of growing and finishing beef cattle. There was no effect of feeding SRU on the overall DMI and CPI of beef cattle. Dietary inclusion of SRU improved the overall LWG (+92 g/d/head) and FE (+12 g LWG/kg DMI/head) of beef cattle. Notably, SRU supplementation in growing cattle exhibited a better improvement on LWG (130 vs. 60 g/d/head) and FE (18 vs. 8 g LWG/kg DMI/head) compared with finishing cattle. Moreover, SRU showed consistent improvements on the LWG and FE of beef cattle under several study factors. Simulation analysis indicated that positive effects of SRU on LWG and FE improved profitability through reduction in feed cost and reduced the emission intensity of beef production. These results indicate that SRU is a sustainable NPN solution in beef cattle production.

scholarly journals Comparison between conventional urea and slow-release urea on concentration of ammonia in the rumen: A meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 902 (1) ◽  
pp. 012034
Author(s):  
S Nayohan ◽  
I Susanto ◽  
K G Wiryawan ◽  
A Jayanegara
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Slow Release ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Ammonia Concentration ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Protein Nitrogen ◽  
Nitrogen Intake ◽  
Slow Release Urea ◽  
Better Than

Abstract Urea is a source of Non-Protein Nitrogen (NPN). The utilization of urea in the ration is useful for increasing digestibility, dry matter intake, and increasing protein content. This study aims to compare the utilization of conventional urea and Slow Release Urea (SRU) to reduce ammonia concentration by in vivo study using meta-analysis. A total of 13 studies were obtained that consisted of 41 data points. The parameters in this study include pH, Dry Matter Intake (DMI), Volatile Fatty Acid (VFA), ammonia concentration, and nitrogen intake. The database compiled was statistically analyzed using a mixed model method. Different studies were considered as random effects, and the level of urea was treated as fixed effects. The model statistics used were the p-values and the Akaike information criterion. The significance of an effect was stated when its p-value was <0.05. The results revealed that level SRU and conventional urea had a significant linear effect on ammonia concentration, DMI, VFA, pH and nitrogen intake. However, the effect of giving SRU was better than conventional urea. It can be concluded that SRU can control ammonia concentration, DMI, VFA, pH and nitrogen intake better than urea.

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