Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with normal or high-fat oat

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-236 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
H. W. Soita ◽  
B. G. Rossnagel
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Feeding Diets

The objective of this study was to compare a high-fat oat recently developed at the University of Saskatchewan with regular oat as energy sources for use in diets fed to growing-finishing pigs. Seventy crossbred pigs (Pig Improvement Canada Ltd, Acme, AB) weighing an average of 27.5 ± 2.6 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial design experiment. The main effects tested included oat type (normal and high fat), level of oat inclusion (0, 25 and 50%) and sex of pig (barrows and gilts). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter (P = 0.002), crude protein (P = 0.001) and gross energy (P = 0.004) were significantly higher for pigs fed high-fat oat compared with normal oat. Pigs fed the high-fat oat also gained weight significantly faster (P = 0.01) and with increased efficiency (P = 0.01) compared with pigs fed diets containing normal oat. Oat level did not affect pig performance (P > 0.05). Neither type of oat nor level of inclusion had any significant (P > 0.05) effects on any carcass trait including dressing percent, carcass value index, lean yield, loin fat or loin lean. In conclusion, feeding diets containing a recently developed high-fat oat to pigs improved growth rate and efficiency of feed conversion compared with feeding diets containing normal-fat oat. Nutrient digestibility also improved with no negative effects on carcass quality. High-fat oat is an attractive alternative to normal oat as an energy source for growing-finishing pigs and can be fed at higher levels than are currently recommended for normal oat without hindering pig performance. Key words: Swine, high-fat oat, digestibility, growth, carcass composition

Performance of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets containing graded levels of number 1 wheat screenings

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (3) ◽  
pp. 403-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Finishing Diets ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Pig Performance

This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of graded levels of number 1 wheat screenings on performance, nutrient digestibility and carcass traits when fed to growing-finishing pigs. Forty crossbred pigs (Camborough 15 Line female × Canabred sire) weighing an average of 19.7 ± 2.8 kg were assigned to one of five dietary treatments in a 5 × 2 factorial design experiment. The main effects tested included level of wheat screenings and sex of pig (barrows and gilts). The levels of inclusion were 0, 18, 36, 54 and 72% in the grower diet and 0, 20.5, 41, 61.5 and 82% in the finisher diet. Screenings were added largely at the expense of barley. A botanical analysis was preformed and it indicated that the screenings contained approximately 88.5% whole or cracked wheat with the most prevalent weed seeds being wild buckwheat (6.7%), canola seed (2.8%) and cleavers (0.96%). There was a linear (P = 0.001) increase in the digestibility of dry matter, crude protein and gross energy with increased incorporation of wheat screenings in the diet. Over the entire experimental period (19.7–105.1 kg), there was no change in growth rate due to feeding wheat screenings, but feed intake declined in a linear (P = 0.044) fashion while feed conversion improved linearly (P = 0.014) as the inclusion level of screenings increased. There were no sex effects on pig performance. Dietary inclusion of wheat screenings had no significant effects on any carcass traits including dressing percent, carcass value index, lean yield, loin fat or loin lean. The carcass value index for gilts was higher than that of barrows (P = 0.038). The overall results of this experiment indicate that number 1 wheat screenings can be successfully uti lized as an energy source for use in growing-finishing diets and can be fed at levels as high as 72% for growing pigs and 82% for finishing pigs with no negative effects on pig performance or carcass quality. However, should the level of weed seeds increase or the type of weed seeds contaminating the screenings change appreciably from those reported here, then it may be necessary to reduce the incorporation level of screenings in the diet. Key words: Pigs, wheat screenings, performance, digestibility, carcass

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed barley-based diets supplemented with Linpro (extruded whole flaxseed and peas) or soybean meal

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (4) ◽  
pp. 681-688 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker ◽  
V. J. Racz ◽  
H. W. Soita
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Growing Period ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Swine Diets

The objective of this experiment was to determine the effects of feeding graded levels of Linpro (a 50:50 combination of extruded full-fat flax seed and peas) on pig performance and carcass traits, particularly the fatty acid composition of backfat. Eighty crossbred pigs (Camborough 15 Line female × Canabred sire, Pig Improvement Canada Ltd., Airdrie, AB) weighing an average of 22.7 ± 2.2 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of five dietary treatments in a 5 × 2 factorial arrangement (treatment × sex). The experimental diets were based on barley and soybean meal and contained 0, 7.5, 15, 22.5 or 30% Linpro during the growing period (22.7–69.7 kg) and 0, 6, 12, 18 or 24% Linpro during the finishing period (69.7–111.1 kg). Digestibility coefficients for dry matter were not significantly affected by incorporation of Linpro in the diet. Digestibility coefficients for crude protein (P = 0.01) and gross energy (P = 0.04) exhibited a cubic effect due to Linpro incorporation with the highest digestibility coefficients observed for pigs fed 7.5% Linpro. Over the entire experimental period (22.7–111.1 kg), daily gain was affected both linearly (P = 0.02) and quadratically (P = 0.04) by Linpro inclusion. The most rapid gains were obtained by pigs fed 7.5% Linpro (6% in finisher), while pigs fed 30% Linpro (24% in finisher) gained weight the slowest. Feed intake was not significantly affected by Linpro inclusion, while feed conversion exhibited a quadratic effect (P = 0.02) with pigs fed the highest and lowest levels o f Linpro showing the poorest feed conversion. Linpro inclusion, had no significant effects on carcass traits including slaughter weight, carcass weight, dressing percent, carcass value index, lean yield, loin fat or loin lean. Inclusion of 30% Linpro (24% in finisher) significantly (P < 0.05) increased the levels of linolenic acid in backfat and this increase could provide significant health benefits for consumers of pork. Linpro would appear to be an acceptable alternative to soybean meal as a protein supplement for use in growing-finishing swine diets and can be incorporated at levels as high as 22.5% in the grower period and 18% in the finisher period without detrimental affects on pig performance. Key words: Swine, extrusion, flax, peas, digestibility, growth, backfat

Performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing graded levels of canaryseed

2003 ◽  
Vol 83 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Thacker
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Linear Increase ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Swine Industry ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Pig Performance

This study was conducted to determine the performance and carcass characteristics of growing-finishing pigs fed diets containing graded levels of canaryseed. Sixty-four crossbred pigs (Pig Improvement Canada Ltd) weighing 34.4 ± 2.8 kg were assigned on the basis of sex, weight and litter to one of five dietary treatments in a factorial (5 treatments × 2 sexes) arrangement. A barley and soybean meal diet served as the control. The remaining pigs were fed diets in which approximately 25, 50, 75 or 100% of the barley was replaced by canaryseed (cv. Elias). There was a linear (P = 0.01) decrease in dry matter digestibility with increasing level of canaryseed. In contrast, crude protein digestibility showed a linear increase (P = 0.01) with increasing level of canaryseed. Gross energy digestibility of the diets did not differ (P > 0.05). Over the entire experimental period (34.4 to 107.8 kg), there was a quadratic (P = 0.01) response for weight gain. The 25% canaryseed diet supported the highest growth rate and pigs fed the 100% canaryseed diet had the lowest gain. Feed intake and feed conversion were unaffected (P > 0.05) by level of canaryseed. There were no differences (P > 0.05) in carcass weight, carcass value index, estimated lean yield, loin fat depth or loin lean depth as a result of canaryseed inclusion. However, there was a quadratic (P = 0.02) response for dressing percentage with increasing level of canaryseed. The overall results of this experiment provide a favorable indication that canaryseed can be successfully fed to growing-finishing pigs without dramatically affecting pig performance or carcass characteristics. Therefore, in the future, the swine industry may provide an alternative to the caged bird market as an outlet for growers of canary seed to market their product. Key words: Canaryseed, swine, digestibility, growth

The nutritive value of extruded and raw peas for growing and finishing pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.V. O’Doherty ◽  
U. Keady
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Food Conversion ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Gross Energy

AbstractTwo experiments were conducted to determine the nutritive value of extruded or raw peas (Pisum sativum as an energy and protein supplement for pigs of 33 to 100 kg live weight. Experiment 1 determined the effects of extrusion on the nutrient apparent digestibility of peas when included at 200 g and 400 g/kg in the diet. In experiment 2, performance was determined in individually fed pigs (no. = 70) offered diets ad libitum including a control (no peas, T1), 200 g/kg raw peas (T2), 400 g/kg raw peas (T3), 200 g/kg extruded peas (T4), 400g/kg extruded peas (T5). The peas were extruded at 120°С for 30 s. All diets were formulated to have similar concentrations of digestible energy (DE) and total lysine. There was a significant interaction effect (P < 0·05) between level of peas and extrusion on the digestibility of the organic matter (OM), nitrogen (N), energy and the DE content of the peas. The inclusion of 400 g/kg raw peas led to a lower estimated digestibility of OM (P < 0·001), N (P < 0·001), gross energy (P < 0·05) and DE content (P < 0·05) of the peas compared with the 200 g/kg peas. However, there was no difference (P > 0·05) between the digestibility of the 200 and 400 g/kg peas when the peas were extruded. In experiment 2, there was a significant interaction (P < 0·05) between the level of peas in the diet and extrusion. As the level of raw peas increased from 200 to 400g/kg, growth rate decreased (P < 0·01) and food conversion ratio (FCR) increased (P < 0·01). However, as the level of extruded peas was increased from 200 to 400g/ kg, there was no difference in either growth rate or FCR. It is concluded that extrusion of peas improved the nutrient digestibility and improved overall gain and FCR of the pigs.

Some effects of dietary penicillin and zinc bacitracin on the performance of bacon pigs

1963 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-257 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. W. Holme ◽  
K. L. Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Zinc Bacitracin

SUMMARYThree experiments were carried out to evaluate zinc bacitracin as compared with penicillin, as a feed supplement for bacon pigs. The first experiment compared pig performance on a control diet with performance on the control diet supplemented with penicillin, 5 g./ton, or with zinc bacitracin, 10 g./ton. Experiment 2 compared the control diet with penicillin at 10 g./ton and zinc bacitracin at 10 g./ton with pigs housed in a different piggery. Experiment 3 compared the control diet with penicillin at 10 g./ton and zinc bacitracin at two levels, 10 g./ton and 5 g./ton. In none of the experiments was there any significant response to penicillin in terms of rate of gain, feed conversion efficiency or carcass composition. In the first experiment there was a small but significant improvement in rate of gain up to 100 lb. live-weight and for the whole experimental period by the pigs receiving 10 g./ton of zinc bacitracin. There was no significant response in feed conversion efficiency or carcass measurements. In the other two experiments there was no response to zinc bacitracin. The implications of the results are discussed.

Infertile bulls versus steers: II. Feed conversion efficiency and the effects of a high fat diet

1971 ◽  
Vol 77 (2) ◽  
pp. 313-315 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. A. Price ◽  
N. T. M. Yeates
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Efficiency ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Feed Conversion Efficiency

SummaryThe feed conversion efficiency of four intensively fed, partially castrated male cattle, measured over an 11-week period from approximately 9-months of age, was found to be significantly higher (P <0·05) than that of four steers.The effect of adding 5% beef tallow to the diet during this period was also studied. Although no statistically significant result of this on feed conversion was obtained, there was an indication that fat in the diet improved the bulls' efficiency, but not that of the steers. Added dietary fat had an effect on carcass composition, increasing signifioantly (P < 0·05) the deposition of carcass fat by steers but having no such effect in bulls. It appears, therefore, that the two sex types metabolized the added dietary fat differently, the steers converting much of it to depot fat; the bulls using it (with some evidenoe of greater efficiency) for growth of non-adipose carcass components.

scholarly journals Effects of Diet Protein Level on Growing-Finishing Pig Performance in a Tropical Environment

1969 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-282
Author(s):  
J. Le Dividich ◽  
I. Canope
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Optimum Level ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Large White ◽  
Pig Performance

The effect of increasing the dietary crude protein (CP) level on the growth performance and carcass characteristics of Large White pigs reared in Guadeloupe under tropical climatic conditions was determined. Test animals included 32 females and 32 barrows, each weighing about 24 kg initially. They were individually fed one of four test diets based on corn and soybean-oil meal containing 12, 16, 20, and 24% CP, respectively. The 12 and 16% CP diets were supplemented with synthetic L-lysine hydrochloride. The animals were slaughtered at 95 kg liveweight. On the basis of maximum daily gain and minimum feed conversion ratio, the best level of CP among the various levels compared was 16% for the growing pigs (from 24 to 60 kg liveweight) and 12% for the finishing pigs (from 60 kg to 95 kg liveweight). There was no significant effect of sex on growth performance, but the feed conversion ratio of the finishing females was 8% better than that of the barrows. As the dietary CP level increased, dressing percentage and backfat thickness decreased linearly (P < 0.05). Females were significantly leaner (P < 0.05) than barrows. Further work is needed to determine the optimum level of CP for finishing pigs.

scholarly journals Effect of cowpea (Vigna Unguiculata (L.) Walp) Stover dietary inclusion level on total tract apparent digestibility of nutrients in growing rabbits

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Ederson Américo Andrade ◽  
Miguel António Machado Rodrigues ◽  
Luis Ribeiro ◽  
Clayton Quirino Mendes ◽  
Luis Miguel Mendes Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Gross Energy ◽  
Digestible Protein

Although agro-industrial co-products have low economic value as foods for human consumption, they may have potential value as animal feedstuffs. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the effect of cowpea stover inclusion in rabbits’ diet on growth performance and nutrient digestibility. A total of 180 animals were randomly assigned to 3 treatments (CS0, CS2 or CS4, with no inclusion, 20 or 40 g/kg of cowpea stover, respectively). Animal performance was evaluated between the 53<sup>rd</sup> and 67<sup>th</sup> d of age in 48 animals per treatment. The coefficients of total tract apparent digestibility (CTTAD) of organic matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fibre and gross energy were measured between 63 to 67 d of age in 12 animals per treatment. Results showed that, in general, CTTAD values were not affected by the inclusion of cowpea stover. Nevertheless, a trend towards a decrease in crude protein digestibility (<em>P</em>=0.0848) was observed when including cowpea stover. This had a negative influence on digestible protein (P=0.0240) and on the ratio between digestible protein and digestible energy (<em>P</em>=0.0231) for diet CS4. Rabbits showed normal figures for growth rate (on av. 46.8 g/d), feed intake (on av. 168.3 g/d) and feed conversion ratio (on av. 3.61). Future studies should assess the possibility of incorporating higher levels of cowpea stover while analysing the economic impact of this inclusion.

scholarly journals Ractopamine and lysine levels on performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1961-1968 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin Caperuto de Almeida ◽  
Elias Tadeu Fialho ◽  
Paulo Borges Rodrigues ◽  
Márcio Gilberto Zangeronimo ◽  
José Augusto de Freitas Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Performance Trial

It was evaluated the effect of diets supplemented or not supplemented with ractopamine and digestible lysine on the performance and carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. A total of 50 barrows and 50 gilts (90.2 kg ± 3.5 kg) were used. In the growth performance trial, a randomized block design was utilized in a 5 x 2 factorial arrangement, consisting of five levels of digestible lysine (0.68; 0.78; 0.88; 0.98 and 1.08%) and two levels of ractopamine (0 and 5 ppm), totaling ten diets and five replications. In a study of carcass characteristics, the same design and levels of lysine and ractopamine were used, but another factor (sex of animals- female and male) was included, totaling 20 treatments, each one with five replicates. Except for lysine daily intake, it was not observed effect of levels of digestible lysine. The supplementation with ractopamine improved daily weight gain and feed conversion but it did not affect the average feed intake. A greater loin depth and higher yield of carcass meat was obtained in gilts, regardless to supplementation with ractopamine, and also in the males fed ractopamine. The ractopamine improved the rib-eye area but it did not affect the yield and carcass length neither thickness of subcutaneous fat. The levels of digestible lysine did not affect carcass characteristics in either sex. It was found that sex had effect on backfat thickness, which was lower in the carcasses of gilts. The use of 5 ppm ractopamine improves animal performance and carcass characteristics of barrows. The level of 0.68% digestible lysine is sufficient for pigs of both sexes fed diets supplemented with or without ractopamine to show maximal performance and a good carcass composition.

scholarly journals Influence of diets containing raw or extruded peas instead of soybean meal on meat quality characteristics in growing-finishing pigs

2011 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 119-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Chrenková ◽  
Z. Formelová ◽  
Ľ. Chrastinová ◽  
P. Fľak ◽  
Z. Čerešňáková ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Finishing Pigs ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Pig Performance ◽  
Experimental Pigs

An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of pea-based diet fed to growing and finishing pigs on performance, carcass and meat quality. Thirty pigs (Slovak White Meaty or crossbred Slovak White Meaty &times; Pietrain) were tested for the malignant hyperthermia (MH) syndrome using a DNA based test. Pigs were allotted to control and experimental groups (of 10 pigs each, equal for normal &ndash; NN and he-terozygotes &ndash; Nn and equal for barrows and gilts) with 2 pigs per pen. Pigs receiving the control treatment were fed soybean meal diets. In all diets fed to experimental pigs the soybean meal was replaced by 30% of raw or extruded pea-based meal balanced on an isonitrogenous and isoenergetic level. Pig performance was monitored for the entire experimental period. At the conclusion of the experiment, carcass and meat quality were measured. The results did not show any effects of dietary treatments on average daily gain (P &gt; 0.05). The evaluation of carcass composition showed no significant differences (P &gt; 0.05) in backfat and lean percentage values between the control and experimental pigs. Chemical composition (total water, protein, intramuscular fat) and fatty acid profile did not differ among treatments (P &gt; 0.05). The differences in the omega-6/omega-3 ratio were significant (P &gt; 0.05) between animals fed the control ration with soybean meal and animals receiving the pea ration. No differences were observed between control and experimental pigs in pH (45 min and 24 h), colour (24 h), drip loss (24 h) and tenderness (5 day) measured with Warner-Bratzler instrument (P &gt; 0.05). In conclusion, peas may replace the soybean meal in diets fed to growing and finishing pigs without negative influence on pig performance, carcass composition and meat quality.

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