Lipid content and fatty acid composition of grasses sampled on different dates through the early part of the growing season

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. S. Mir ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
D. Hunt ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
B. Yip
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Tall Fescue ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Ether Extract

In order to explore the value of herbage for the production of ruminant products with a high content of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), a study was undertaken to determine the content of fatty acids that can be hydrogenated [hydrogenatable fatty acids (HFA)] in herbage of three cool-season forage grasses, orchardgrass (OG), perennial ryegrass (PRG) and tall fescue (TF). Dry matter (DM) yield, lipid content (ether extract) and fatty acid concentration (weight percent of detected fatty acids) on five sampling dates in the spring of 2004 were determined. HFA is the available substrate for the production and deposition of fatty acid bioconversion products in ruminants that consume the grass. Fatty acid content of the grasses was estimated as the product of fatty acids concentration (weight percent) and lipid content (ether extract), while HFA was estimated as the sum of the content of C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3. The DM yield of the three species of grasses increased (P < 0.05) between Mar. 29 and Apr. 28, after which the increase was observed for TF followed by PRG. However, the lipid content decreased in all the grasses over the 140 d of sampling. Although concentration of the saturated fatty acids and C18:1 and C18:2 increased over the sampling period, the content did not alter substantially. In OG samples, C18:2 concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) than those in PRG or TF in all samples. The concentration and content of C18:3 was highest (P < 0.05) in all the forages, but declined progressively. Results indicate that the availability of HFA is greatest in OG and PRG, especially in the early samples, but DM yields are low; however, later in the season TF produces more DM but with substantially reduced lipid and HFA content. Key words: Orchard grass, perennial ryegrass, tall fescue, hydrogenatable fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid, ruminants

scholarly journals The possibility of increasing at the conjugated linoleic acid content in pork

2008 ◽  
pp. 27-32
Author(s):  
Anikó Borosné Győri ◽  
Istvánné Hermán ◽  
János Csapó ◽  
János Gundel
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Content ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Arachidonic Acid Content ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The composition of fatty acids in food products is a significant factor in human health. Feeding can significantly influence the composition of fatty acids in the animal fat. We analysed the effect of feeding high CLA-content (conjugated linoleic acid) feed on the composition of fatty acids in pork. The animals were grouped according to the following: Group 1) feeding experimental, ghee-mixed feed for 76 days, Group 2) feeding the same feed, but only for 33 days, Group 3) feeding sunflower-oil-mixed feed for 76 days. Ghee contains CLA in high amount. The aim of our experiment is to analyse how the high CLA content influences the fatty acid content of pork. In the end of the fattening experiment the animals were slaughtered, then samples were taken from the loin, ham, abdomen and backfat from 10 animals from each group and analysed the fatty acid content. We found significant differences between the average fatty acid content of the samples. As an effect of feeding ghee-enriched feed, the CLA content significantly increased, compared to the control group. However, the linoleic acid and the arachidonic acid content were lower, and the proportion of fatty acids was also lower when feeding control feed.

Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid content of intramuscular fat in crossbred cattle with and without Wagyu genetics fed a barley-based diet

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
L. J. Paterson ◽  
P. S. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Lipid Content ◽  
Linoleic Acid Content ◽  
Crossbred Cattle

Fatty acid composition and conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in pars costalis diaphragmatis (PCD) muscle from European and British crossbred (EBC; no Wagyu genetics) and Wagyu crossbred (WC; 75% Wagyu genetics) beef cattle were determined. Conjugated linoleic acid contents of PCD muscle from EBC (1.7 mg CLA g−1 lipid) and WC (1.8 mg CLA g−1 lipid) cattle were similar (P > 0.05), while WC cattle had higher (P < 0.05) CLA content 100 g−1 of beef on a DM basis because the lipid content of meat from WC cattle was greater (P < 0.05) than that from EBC cattle Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, Wagyu, fatty acids, barley, beef cattle

Meat quality and fatty acid composition of pasture-finished beef steers fed barley and soybeans

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Duynisveld ◽  
E. Charmley ◽  
P. Mir
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Drip Loss

The effect of supplemention on the performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, and fatty acid composition of pasture-finished cattle was studied. Thirty-two steers were assigned to four treatments in a randomized block design. Treatments were: totally mixed ration (TMR) [confinement-fed total mixed ration (60% grass silage, 40% rolled barley], pasture only (rotationally grazed temperate mixed pasture); pasture plus barley (the same pasture plus 4.5 kg DM hd-1 d-1 rolled barley) and pasture plus soybeans (the same pasture plus 1.8 kg DM hd-1 d-1 whole roasted soybeans). Steers were slaughtered after 105 d on test. Tissue samples were collected at slaughter for analysis of meat quality and fatty acid content. Dry matter (DM) intakes were greater for TMR-fed cattle (P < 0.05). Among the pasture-fed cattle those fed barley (P < 0.05) consumed more total DM than those given pasture alone. Rates of BW gain were higher for TMR-fed steers than those fed pasture only (P < 0.05). Carcass weights and dressing percentage were similar across all treatments. Feeding barley or soybeans on pasture increased backfat thickness (P < 0.05), but the pasture-only cattle had greater loin eye area (P < 0.05). Pasture-only beef had more thaw drip loss (P < 0.05) and less cooking drip loss (P < 0.05) than TMR-fed beef. Evaporative cooking losses were greater in beef from unsupplemented pasture than from barley- or soybean-supplemented pasture (P < 0.05). Pasture-only beef had 25% more polyunsaturated fatty acids and 37% greater cis-9, trans-11 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) concentrations in longisimus thoracis (l. thoracis) tissue than TMR-fed beef (P < 0.05). Among pasture-fed cattle, soybean supplementation increased C18:2 concentration by 34% (P < 0.05), while barley reduced C18:3 concentration by 8% (P < 0.05) in l. thoracis tissue. Soybean supplementation increased cis-9, trans-11 CLA concentration by 30% (P < 0.05) in l. thoracis tissue over pasture only. Beef finished on pasture has higher levels of beneficial fatty acids than TMR-fed beef, with few differences in meat quality. Supplementation on pasture improves animal performance, but barley has some negative effects on beneficial fatty acids in meat. Key words: Pasture, steers, fatty acids, conjugated linoleic acid

scholarly journals Fatty acid positional distribution (sn-2 fatty acids) and phospholipid composition in Chinese breast milk from colostrum to mature stage

2018 ◽  
Vol 121 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-73 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ke Wu ◽  
Runying Gao ◽  
Fang Tian ◽  
Yingyi Mao ◽  
Bei Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Content ◽  
Positional Distribution ◽  
Phospholipid Composition ◽  
Mature Stage ◽  
Feeding Time

AbstractThis study quantified the fatty acid profile with emphasis on the stereo-specifically numbered (sn) 2 positional distribution in TAG and the composition of main phospholipids at different lactation stages. Colostrum milk (n 70), transitional milk (n 96) and mature milk (n 82) were obtained longitudinally from healthy lactating women in Shanghai. During lactation, total fatty acid content increased, with SFA dominating in fatty acid profile. A high ratio of n-6:n-3 PUFA was observed as 11:1 over lactation due to the abundance of linoleic acid in Chinese human milk. As the main SFA, palmitic acid showed absolute sn-2 selectivity, while oleic acid, linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid, the main unsaturated fatty acids, were primarily esterified at the sn-1 and sn-3 positions. Nervonic acid and C22 PUFA including DHA were more enriched in colostrum with an sn-2 positional preference. A total of three dominant phospholipids (phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and sphingomyelin (SM)) were analysed in the collected samples, and each showed a decline in amount over lactation. PC was the dominant compound followed by SM and PE. With prolonged breast-feeding time, percentage of PE in total phospholipids remained constant, but PC decreased, and SM increased. Results from this study indicated a lipid profile different from Western reports and may aid the development of future infant formula more suitable for Chinese babies.

Supplementation with whole cottonseed changes milk composition and milk fatty acid profile in dairy cows

2011 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Dayani ◽  
G. R. Ghorbani ◽  
A. K. Esmailizadeh
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Profile ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Milk Fatty Acid ◽  
Whole Cottonseed

Eight multiparous Holstein cows in mid lactation (average days in milking of 160 ± 40) were used in a replicated 4 by 4 Latin square design, each experimental period lasting 3 weeks, to determine the effects of whole cottonseed (WCS) treatment and dietary crude protein (CP) concentration on the profile of milk fatty acids. Each 3-week experimental period consisted of 2 weeks for ration adaptation followed by 1 week for data collection. The experimental diets consisted of: (1) Control (without WCS), 16% CP; (2) 20% WCS, 16% CP; (3) 20% WCS, 13% CP; and (4) 20% crushed WCS, 13% CP. Minerals and vitamin supplements were the same in all experimental diets. The WCS treatment led to increased DM intake, fat-corrected milk yield, fat concentration, proportion of long-chain fatty acids, unsaturated fatty acids and ratio of unsaturated to saturated fatty acids (P < 0.05). Decreased concentration of dietary CP from 16 to 13% (diet 2 compared with diet 3) led to a decrease in both milk yield and milk composition (P < 0.05). WCS crushed in diets with 13% CP (diet 4 compared with diet 3) increased (P < 0.05) the concentration of conjugated linoleic acid in milk fat. The results demonstrated that adding WCS to the diet of lactating cows improves both milk yield and milk fatty acid profile, particularly the proportion of conjugated linoleic acid.

Changes in delayed type hypersensitivity, egg antibody content and immune cell fatty acid composition of layer birds fed conjugated linoleic acid, n-6 or n-3 fatty acids

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 221-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Selvaraj ◽  
G. Cherian
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Oxidation Products ◽  
Thigh Muscle ◽  
Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽  
Lipid Oxidation Products

The effects of polyunsaturated fatty acids on delayed type hypersensitivity (DTH), egg yolk antibody content, immune tissue fatty acid profile and lipid oxidation products of layer birds were investigated. One hundred and twenty layer birds were fed diets containing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) + animal fat (Diet I), sunflower oil (Diet II), canola + flax oil (Diet III) or fish oil (Diet IV). The total added lipid content of the diet was 3%. Birds fed Diets III and IV had higher content of n-3 fatty acids in lymphocyte and splenocytes. Thiobarbituric reactive substances were higher (P < 0.05) in the breast and thigh muscle of Diet IV fed birds. Serum and yolk anti-BSA antibody contents were higher (P < 0.05) in birds fed Diets III and IV. DTH was decreased (P < 0.05) in birds fed Diets IV and III. The number of lymphocyte CD4+ and CD8+ cells and spleen mononuclear cell CD4+, CD8+ and IgM+ cells did not differ (P > 0.05) between treatment groups. Feeding n-3 fatty acids increased antibody-mediated immune response, while n-6 fatty acids and CLA increased cell-mediated immune response. Key words: Conjugated linoleic acid, polyunsaturated fatty acids, delayed type hypersensitivity, immunoglobulins

Fatty Acid Composition of Yak (Bos grunniens) Cheese Including Conjugated Linoleic Acid andtrans-18:1 Fatty Acids

2008 ◽  
Vol 56 (5) ◽  
pp. 1654-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mamun M. Or-Rashid ◽  
Nicholas E. Odongo ◽  
Bhishma Subedi ◽  
Pralhad Karki ◽  
Brian W. McBride
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Conjugated Linoleic Acid ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Bos Grunniens
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