Serum mineral concentrations in relation to parturition in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Small
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Serum Zn ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Calving Season ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
The Relationship

A study was undertaken to examine the relationship between serum mineral concentrations and calving ease in beef cattle fed conserved forage. Jugular blood samples were taken from multiparous cows (n = 6) and 2-yr-old primparous heifers (n = 9) that calved without assistance and 2-yr-old primparous heifers that required assistance with calving (n = 6) on days −7, 0 and +7 after parturition. Sera were analyzed for Ca, P, Mg, K, S, Na, Cu, Zn and B by ICAP and for progesterone by RIA. From 2 mo before and throughout the calving season cattle were given ad libitum round bale grass-legume silage (2.89% K; 3.4% P; 13% CP, 40% ADF; 38% DM). Heifers were also given 0.5 kg hd−1 d−1 of a grain supplement beginning 3 wk before calving. At calving, cows and heifers were in moderate body condition (5.26 ± 0.14 BCS) and heifers had reached 85% of mature body weight (475 ± 26 kg). Serum progesterone concentrations were highest (P < 0.05) at −7 d and dropped below 1 ng mL−1 at parturition and +7 d. Concentrations of serum Mg, S and K were highest (P < 0.05) whilst concentrations of P, B and Cu were lowest (P < 0.05) at parturition. However, serum Mg and S also differed (P < 0.05) among calving groups because concentrations were lowest for heifers with assisted calvings and, serum K concentrations were influenced (P < 0.05) by interaction between calving group and time because K concentrations increased at parturition only in cows and heifers with unassisted calvings. Serum Zn, Ca, and Na were not (P < 0.05) influenced by calving group or time. It is concluded that Mg, S, K, P, B and Cu metabolism are involved in the physiology of parturition and Mg, S and K metabolism may be particularly important for calving ease in primparous beef heifers fed conserved forage. Key words: Parturition, minerals, beef cattle, potassium, boron, magnesium

Serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and conception in beef heifers and cows fed conserved forage

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Small ◽  
E. Charmley ◽  
A. V. Rodd ◽  
A. H. Fredeen
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Beef Heifers ◽  
Service Conception ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Mineral Concentrations ◽  
Body Condition Scores

A study was undertaken to examine serum mineral concentrations in relation to estrus and first service conception (FSC) in beef cattle fed conserved forage. Blood samples were taken from yearling nulliparous heifers, and suckled 2-yr-old primiparous heifers and multiparous cows at first service which occurred within 12 h of observed standing heat and 21 d after. Serum was analyzed for calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg), potassium (K), sulfur (S), sodium (Na), iron (Fe), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), zinc (Zn) and boron (B) concentrations by ICAP. Heifers were fed in four groups based on parity and given 3.0 and 2.5 kg hd d–1 of a grain supplement, respectively, plus free-choice grass hay (1.71% K; 0.20% P; 8% protein; 41% ADF). Cows were individually fed ad libitum (21 g kg–1 body weight) grass-legume silage (2.82% K; 0.35% P; 14% protein, 34% ADF). Heifers and cows gained body weight over the breeding season and at turnout had body condition scores of 5 to 6 for heifers and 6 to 7 for cows. Rates of FSC were 53% (10/19), 48% (10/21) and 64% (18/28) for nulli-, primi- and multiparous groups, respectively. Serum Ca, Na, S, Cu, Fe, Zn and Mn did not differ (P > 0.05) between FSC groups, but Na and Cu were higher (P < 0.05) at estrus than at day 21, especially in nulliparous heifers. Concentrations of serum Mg were low (<0.74 mmol L–1) and K high (>4.5 mmol L–1) in heifers and cows but in nulliparous heifers only, serum Mg and K were lowest (P < 0.05) at estrus for those that conceived. Serum B concentrations were generally higher (P < 0.05) in animals that conceived especially on day 21 when B concentrations were higher (P < 0.05) than at estrus. Serum P concentrations were high (>3.5 mmol L–1), but highest in animals that conceived especially on day 21. It is concluded that P and B may be dietary factors limiting first service conception in beef cows fed conserved forage. Key words: Beef cattle, estrus, conception, minerals, boron, phosphorus

scholarly journals The Use of Biochemical Measurements to Identify Pre-Slaughter Stress in Pasture Finished Beef Cattle

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate M.W. Loudon ◽  
Garth Tarr ◽  
David W. Pethick ◽  
Ian J. Lean ◽  
Rod Polkinghorne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Muscle Glycogen ◽  
Rest Period ◽  
Stress Indicators ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Plasma Biomarkers ◽  
Biochemical Measurements ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Muscle Glycogen Concentration

This study considered the relationship between pre-slaughter stressors and plasma biomarkers in 488 pasture-raised cattle across two experiments. The design aimed to test groups consisting of steer only, heifer only, and mixed sex cattle under direct kill versus rested (14 days in abattoir holding paddocks) protocols. In Experiment One, cattle were sourced from four farms, and transported by trucks and ships on the same day. In Experiment Two, cattle were sourced from four farms where a comparison was made between marketing via two commercial saleyards or direct farm gate consignment to abattoir. Blood samples were collected at exsanguination for subsequent analyses and relation to meat quality attributes. Muscle damage, as indicated by creatine kinase, is the biomarker most correlated to ultimate pH and muscle glycogen concentrations. A two-week rest period is effective for lowering this enzyme and improving muscle glycogen concentration. Although the cattle was subjected to a range of stress inducing treatments, we found that plasma biomarkers alone appeared insufficient for use as diagnostic stress indicators.

ENVIRONMENTAL AND GENETIC EFFECTS ON PREWEANING PERFORMANCE OF CALVES FROM FIRST-CROSS COWS. I. CALVING EASE AND PREWEANING MORTALITY

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. T. FREDEEN ◽  
G. M. WEISS ◽  
J. A. NEWMAN ◽  
G. W. RAHNEFELD ◽  
J. E. LAWSON
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
The Other ◽  
Paired Comparisons ◽  
Calving Ease ◽  
Postnatal Mortality ◽  
Calf Mortality ◽  
Terminal Sire ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Calving Difficulty ◽  
Sire Breed

Calving ease and calf mortality were studied for 4034 calves produced in second and later parities at two locations, Brandon and Manyberries, by contemporary populations of first-cross dams mated to four terminal sire breeds, Charolais (C), Chianina (Chi), Limousin (L) and Simmental (S). The dams represented 10 F1 crosses, the Hereford × Angus (HA) and nine crosses produced by mating C, L and S Bulls with Hereford, Angus and Shorthorn cows. Calving difficulty and mortality were higher among males (P < 0.0001) than females. Calving ease was not influenced by location, but postnatal mortality, particularly of males, was substantially less at Brandon (P < 0.0001). Differences in calving ease among terminal sire progeny groups were not significant when the four breeds were mated to HA dams, but all paired or three-way comparisons involving the Limousin indicated the highest proportion of unassisted births (P < 0.0001) and the lowest incidence of difficult births (P < 0.006) for this sire breed. Terminal sire differences in postnatal mortality were not present among progeny from the HA dams, nor were they observed in the paired comparisons involving progeny of the Chi vs. those of the other three terminal sire breeds. For this trait, however, the paired comparisons among progeny from C, S and L sires indicated a ranking of C > S > L (P < 0.04). Breed of dam's dam (Hereford, Angus, Shorthorn) had no influence of calving ease or mortality, but breed of dam's sire (C, L, S) was important with progeny from L-sired dams having the highest incidence of unassisted births (P < 0.01) and the highest incidence of postnatal mortality (P < 0.06). The proportion of unassisted births increased as the experiment progressed (P < 0.001) and may have been associated with advancing age of the dams. There was, however, a large location × year interaction for this trait (P < 0.002) with Manyberries recording substantially greater calving difficulty than Brandon during the first 3 yr. Interactions involving calf sex, year of birth, breed of terminal sire and location were identified for calving ease. Calf mortality generally increased with increasing calving difficulty but the relationship between calving ease and mortality was influenced by the degree of precalving environmental stress on the dam. Key words: Beef cattle, crossbreeding, calving ease, mortality

The leptin arg25cys affects performance, carcass traits and serum leptin concentrations in beef cattle

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. Buchanan ◽  
A. G. Van Kessel ◽  
Y. R. Boisclair ◽  
H. C. Block ◽  
J. J. McKinnon
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphism ◽  
Single Nucleotide ◽  
Serum Leptin ◽  
Background Period ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Genotype Effects ◽  
Cattle And Sheep

A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the bovine leptin gene has been associated with carcass traits and elevated gene expression. To examine the relationship between leptin genotype with serum leptin concentration and carcass traits, blood samples were collected 24 h prior to slaughter in 89 head of cattle. Cattle were predominantly of Angus (n = 26), Hereford (n = 31) and Charolais (n = 32) breed types with approximately half homozygous for the T allele or the C allele. Cattle were limit fed to achieve 1 kg d-1 liveweight gain for a 70-d background period while during finishing, animals were fed ad libitum such that half the animals within each breed type were slaughtered at 8 or 12 mm back fat determined by ultrasound. Preslaughter serum leptin and insulin were determined using radioimmunoassays (RIA) specific for cattle and sheep. Animals homozygous for the T allele had greater (P < 0.05) backfat depth at the beginning (2.4 ± 0.49 vs. 1.8 ± 0.49 mm) and end (3.1 ± 0.42 vs. 2.4 ± 0.42 mm) of the backgrounding period and reached target finishing back fat depths at lighter (P < 0.01) weights (548.2 ± 20 vs. 588.0 ± 20 kg) and in fewer (P < 0.05) total days on feed (179.3 ± 13 vs. 195.2 ± 13 d) than homozygous C animals. Leptin genotype effects on serum leptin concentration were confined to a three-way interaction such that TT Charolais fattened to 12 mm had significantly higher serum leptin levels than CC animals. Leptin concentration was correlated positively with measurements of fat (e.g., average ultrasound fat depth at end of test r = 0.45, P < 0.01). Results are consistent with an increased rate of fat deposition associated with the T allele in leptin. Key words: Beef cattle, leptin, carcass, yield

234 Pregnancy and Hormonal Response in Suckled Beef Cows Administered High-concentration Prostaglandin F2α in a 5-day CO-Synch + CIDR Synchronization Program

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 122-123
Author(s):  
Amin Ahmadzadeh ◽  
McKenzie Corpron ◽  
John B Hall ◽  
Amin Ahmadzadeh ◽  
Joe Dalton
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Total Dose ◽  
Roc Analysis ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Fixed Time ◽  
Beef Cows ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
To Receive

Abstract Two injections of prostaglandin F2 (PGF) in a 5-d CO-Synch+CIDR timed-AI protocol (5-d CIDR) is necessary to induce luteolysis and reduce serum progesterone (P4) concentrations by the time of AI in beef cattle. The objectives were to examine the effects of a single high-concentration dose of PGF in a 5-d CIDR protocol on P4 concentration and pregnancy per AI (P/AI) beef cows. Angus-Hereford cows (n = 404) were synchronized (d0) with a 5-d CIDR protocol and assigned to receive either one injection of high-concentration PGF on d5 (HC; total dose: 25 mg; n = 203) or two injections of conventional PGF (2PG; each injection: 25 mg; n = 201), at CIDR removal (d5) and 8 h later. All cows received AI at a fixed time 72 h after PGF treatment (d8). Pregnancy was determined by ultrasound 48–63 days after AI. For P4 and cyclicity determination, blood samples were collected on d -7, 0, and 8. Cyclicity status and proportion of cows with a CL at d0 did not differ between treatments. Proportion of cows detected in estrus was greater (P = 0.01) for 2PG (63.1%) than HC (49.3%). Treatment did not affect P/AI (P = 0.87; 51% vs. 52% for HC and 2PG, respectively). Serum P4 at AI also affected (P &lt; 0.01) P/AI; as P4 concentration increased, P/AI decreased. ROC analysis showed a greater P/ AI when P4 was &lt; 0.43 ng/mL. Fewer (P &lt; 0.01) HC cows had P4 &lt; 0.43 ng/mL at AI than 2PG (84.0 and 97.0%, respectively). Nonetheless, mean P4 concentrations at AI were less than 0.4 ng/mL for HC and 2PG. Although two doses of conventional PGF (total dose: 50 mg) more effectively reduced P4 to &lt; 0.43 ng/mL by the time of AI than one dose of high-concentration PGF (total dose: 25 mg), P/AI was not different between treatments.

The Relationship of Serum Protein Bound Iodine Levels to Rates of Gain in Beef Cattle

1953 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. O. Kunkel ◽  
R. W. Colby ◽  
Carl M. Lyman
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Serum Protein ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Serum Endocrine Profile in Relation to Estrus Synchronization in Surti Does

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Chaudhary ◽  
C. T. Khasatiya ◽  
S. B. Patel ◽  
S. S. Chaudhary ◽  
V. B. Atara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Estrus Synchronization ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Group I ◽  
Endocrine Profile ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
And Control

The serum progesterone and estradiol profiles during synchronization of estrus by buck effect and PGF2α treatments were monitored in Surti does. Total eighteen non-pregnant does selected were evenly divided into 3 groups, 6 does in each group. The does of Group I were teased with a sexuallyactive- apronized buck; and those of Group II were treated with PGF2α, i.e., Inj. Lutalyse® @ 7.5 mg/doe IM twice 11 days apart, while the Group III served as untreated control. Blood samples were collected from all the animals on day 0 (before 1st PGF2α injection), 3rd day (during treatment), 11th day (before 2nd PGF2α injection), 14th day (after treatment) and 40th day (post-service) by jugular vein puncture. The serum separated was stored at -20°C till further analysis. In all the three groups, 83.33% does, conceived at first service in the sampling cycle. The overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Group I does (5.82±0.72 ng/ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) as compared to Group II (2.93±0.38 ng/ml) and III (2.88±0.30 ng/ml). Similarly, the overall mean serum progesterone concentration of Surti does on day 0 (2.65±0.46 ng/ml), 3rd (2.56±0.80 ng/ml), 11th (4.45±0.84 ng/ml) and 14th (3.40±0.63 ng/ml) did not differ significantly, but the overall mean level at day 40 (6.31±0.45 ng/ml) was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher, because most of animals became pregnant at that time. The overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Group I (24.40±2.98 pg/ ml) was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) than in Group II (15.77±1.77 pg/ml) and III (12.21±1.45 pg/ ml). On the other hand, the overall mean serum oestradiol-17β levels of Surti does on day 0 (12.89±1.21 pg/ml), 3rd (15.84±1.74 pg/ml), 11th (14.81±1.96 pg/ml), 14th (22.15±2.97 pg/ml) and 40th (21.64±5.16 pg/ml) did not differ significantly (p>0.05) and the slightly higher overall mean level found at 40th day might be the influence of the non-pregnant does at first service in the cumulative animals. The hormonal profile reflected the initiation of cyclicity and establishment of pregnancy in treated and control animals.

scholarly journals Correlation between L-Lactate Concentrations in Beef Cattle, Obtained Using a Hand-Held Lactate Analyzer and a Lactate Assay Colorimetric Kit

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 926
Author(s):  
Daniela M. Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B. Haley ◽  
Timothy D. Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Pooled Data ◽  
Red Angus ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer and a traditional lactate assay colorimetric kit. Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (Black or Red Angus × Hereford/Simmental and Black or Red Angus × Charolais; 247 ± 38.2 kg BW) prior to loading (LO1) and after 36 h of transport, and prior to reloading and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in the colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to assess the strength of the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The magnitude and direction of the correlation, and the level of statistical significance varied over the observed time points, ranging from r = −0.03 (p = 0.75; LO1) to r = 0.75 (p < 0.0001; d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, p < 0.0001). Based on the low magnitude of the correlation due to variability across sampling time points in this study, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay (considered the gold standard) for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle.

scholarly journals PSVII-3 Correlations between L-lactate concentrations obtained using a handheld lactate analyser and a lactate assay colorimetric kit in beef cattle transported by road

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 296-297
Author(s):  
Daniela M Meléndez ◽  
Sonia Marti ◽  
Luigi Faucitano ◽  
Derek B Haley ◽  
Timothy D Schwinghamer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Road Transportation ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Handheld Device ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Blood metabolites are used to assess a variety of animal conditions for veterinary diagnosis and research. Concentration of metabolites in blood can be measured using a commercially-available lab-based assay or in real-time using a handheld device developed to be more time- and cost-effective than the lab-based method. Lactate is a product of anaerobic glycolysis, used in animal research as an indicator of muscle fatigue. Therefore, it has been used as an indicator of cattle response to long distance transportation. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship of L-lactate concentrations measured using a Lactate Scout+ analyzer (Lactate Scout, EFK Diagnostics, Barleben, Germany) and a lactate assay colorimetric kit (Lactate Assay Kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA). Blood samples were collected by venipuncture from 96 steers (245 ± 35.7 kg BW) prior to (L1) and after 36 h, and prior to and after an additional 4 h of road transportation, and on d 1, 2, 3, 5, 14, and 28 after transport. The Lactate Scout+ analyzer strip was dipped in blood at the time of sampling, while blood samples were collected into sodium fluoride tubes for use in colorimetric analysis. Pearson correlations were calculated to determine the relationship between the experimental methods for the quantification of L-lactate concentrations. The strengths and levels of statistical significance of the correlation varied over the observed time points, r = -0.03, P = 0.75 (L1) to r = 0.75, P = &lt; 0.0001 (d 3). The correlation for the pooled data was weak but statistically significant (r = 0.33, P &lt; 0.001). Based on the experimental results, the Lactate Scout+ analyzer is not a suitable alternative to a lab-based assay for measuring L-lactate in transported cattle, due to variability across sampling time points and weak correlation with the traditional enzymatic method.

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