Ecoregion and farm size differences in feed and manure nitrogen management: 1. Survey methods and results for poultry

2009 ◽  
Vol 89 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
S C Sheppard ◽  
S. Bittman ◽  
M. Beaulieu ◽  
M I Sheppard
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Survey Methods ◽  
Sampling Strategy ◽  
Feeding Practices ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Excretion Rates ◽  
Conversion Efficiencies

Environmental issues related to agriculture, and especially to animal production, are prominent in the regulatory agenda and are an area where the general public expects improvements. Many of the issues can be mitigated with changes in farm management practices. There is considerable potential for improvement, but before actions are recommended or mandated, it is important to document what are the current management practices and how they vary across the country and with farm size. This is the first of a series of papers that describes a large-scale livestock farm practices survey (LFPS) conducted across livestock farms in Canada, emphasizing manure nitrogen (N) management as it affects ammonia (NH3) emissions to the atmosphere. However, the survey results have much broader applicability. In this paper, the development of the survey and sampling strategy is described along with the results for the three main poultry sectors in Canada: broiler, layer and turkey. Husbandry in each poultry sector is generally uniform, but there were statistically significant regional differences in feeding practices and feed conversion efficiencies, and these imply differences in N excretion rates. Farm size was seldom significant as a covariate, suggesting that both small and large poultry farms have adopted similar husbandry and feeding practices. Key words: Manure, best management practices, emissions, odor

Mining wastewater management and its effects on groundwater and ecosystems

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
pp. 1481-1487 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Celebi ◽  
S. Özdemir
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Wastewater Management ◽  
Mining Areas ◽  
Mining Wastewater ◽  
The Developed Countries

Large-scale mining activities have a huge impact on the environment. Determination of the size of the effect and monitoring it is vital. In this study, risk assessment studies in mining areas and the effect of mining on groundwater and ecosystems were investigated. Best management practices and risk assessment steps were determined, especially in areas with huge amounts of mining wastewater. The pollution of groundwater and its reaching humans is a risk of major importance. Our study showed, using many cases with different parameters and countries, that the management of mining wastewater is vital. Environmental impact assessments and monitoring studies must be carried out before operation and at the closure of the mine. Policies must be in place and ready to apply. Factors of climate, geology, ecology and human health must be considered over a long period. Currently, only the developed countries are applying policies and paying attention to the risk. International assessments and health risk assessments should be carried out according to international standards.

scholarly journals Nitrogen and phosphorus flux from the production of Nile tilapia through the application of environmental indicators

2017 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. S. Osti ◽  
M. A. B. Moraes ◽  
C. F. Carmo ◽  
C. T. J. Mercante
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Nile Tilapia ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Environmental Indicators ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Fish Biomass ◽  
Feed Conversion

Abstract We aimed in this study utilize environmental indicators as a quantitative method to evaluate and discuss the nitrogen (TN) and phosphorus (TP) flux by a production stage grow-out (termination) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) in fishpond. The TN and TP load, the mass balance, the input of TN and TP via feed and the converted nutrients in fish biomass are the environmental indicators applied in this study. During the production cycle (128 days), the system exported 15,931 g TN and 4,189 g TP that were related to the amount of feed supplied (r Pearson = 0.8825 and r = 0.8523, respectively), corroborated by the feed conversion ratio (1.61:1). The indicators showed that 26% TN and 45% TP were reversed into fish biomass, 62% TN and 40% TP were retained in the fishpond, and 12% TN and 15% TP were exported via effluent. The largest contribution of nutrients generated by the system and exported via effluent was observed in phase III and IV. This result is supported by the feed conversion ratio 2.14 and 2.21:1 obtained at this phase, a fact explained by the amount of feed offered and the fish metabolism. Application of environmental indicators showed to be an efficient tool to quantify flux of TN and TP produced during the grow-out period of Nile tilapia and therefore, guide management practices more sustainable. Concerning the environmental sustainability of the activity the implementation of best management practices such as the better control of the feed amount offered would lead to a smaller loss of TN and TP to the water. Furthermore, the use of better quality feeds would allow greater nutrient assimilation efficiency.

Blueprints for Tropical Dairy Farming

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Moran ◽  
Philip Chamberlain
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Dairy Farming ◽  
Dairy Herds ◽  
Dairy Production ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Tropics

Blueprints for Tropical Dairy Farming provides insight into the logistics, infrastructure and management required for the development of small and large dairy farms in tropical developing countries. Farmers will learn how to improve the welfare, milk quality and productivity of their dairy herds. This book complements author John Moran’s five previous books on the principles of tropical dairy farming. The manual covers a wide range of topics related to ensuring the sustainability of dairy production systems in tropical developing countries, such as South and East Asia, Africa and Central America. It also provides guidelines for the best management practices of large-scale, more intensive dairy systems. While smallholder farms are the major suppliers of milk in the tropics, many larger farms are becoming established throughout the tropics to satisfy the increasing demands for fresh milk. Blueprints for Tropical Dairy Farming will be a valuable resource for farmers and stockpeople who want to improve the productive performance of their dairy herds, farm advisers who can assist farmers to achieve this aim, educators who develop training programs for farmers or who train dairy advisers in the basics of dairy production technology, and other stakeholders in tropical dairy production, such as local agribusiness, policy makers and research scientists. National and international agencies will learn new insights into the required long-term logistics for regional dairy development, while potential investors will acquire knowledge into intensive tropical dairy farming.

Large-Scale Performance and Design for Construction Activity Erosion Control Best Management Practices

2009 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 1248-1254 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. B. Faucette ◽  
B. Scholl ◽  
R. E. Beighley ◽  
J. Governo
Keyword(s):  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Erosion Control ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Construction Activity

scholarly journals The Adoption of Best-Management Practices by Louisiana Dairy Producers

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 229-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noro C. Rahelizatovo ◽  
Jeffrey M. Gillespie
Keyword(s):  
Data Analysis ◽  
Point Source ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Count Data ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Negative Binomial ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Point Source Pollution ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Non Point Source Pollution

This study examines the adoption of best-management practices (BMPs) in terms of the total number of practices implemented up to a certain period, using count data analysis. Poisson and negative binomial regressions were used to examine the likely determinants of producers' decisions to adopt greater numbers of technologies, and the specific case of dairy producers' adoption of BMPs was explored. Our results emphasize the significant effect of producers' awareness of the efforts to control non-point source pollution, information about BMPs, farm size, producer's educational attainment, and risk aversion on the number of BMPs adopted.

scholarly journals Best Management Practices for Sustainability in a Small-scale Community Renewable Energy: Sathya Sai School, Thailand

2015 ◽  
pp. 93-105
Author(s):  
Panichat Kitisittichai ◽  
Ariya Aruninta
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Project Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Initial Assessment ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Best Management

Organizations working towards standardization have defined universal standards for Best Management Practices (BMPs) for renewable energy (RE) projects. However, these universal standards are better suitedto large-scale than small-scale projects such as community renewable energy (CRE) projects. Methods used by CRE projects to achieve BMP status remain to be determined. This paper aims to present various aspects of BMPs for small-scale CRE projects by emphasizing practices that are unrestricted, simple, andadaptable to the surrounding environment, and that will eventually lead to sustainability in the commu-nity. The case study involves RE projects at the ‘Sathya Sai School Thailand,’ an education-based com-munity which has a community-like organizational management. The community implements CRE pro-jects for educational-awareness program and to serve their energy needs, starting with micro scale in the community which then will impact on the reduction of climate change crisis at global level. The methodologies used for initial assessment of the involvement of residents and stakeholders, attitude of residents towards CRE project management, and attitudes towards the benefits of CRE project management included (1) field research (i.e., field observations and key-person interviews) and (2) a preference questionnaire. The results identify strengths and weaknesses of CRE project management, and are used to evaluate whether CRE project management constitutes a BMPs by using ‘The scale and sustainability score sheet’ tool. Moreover, recommendations for CRE projects to achieve BMPs status for sustainable community RE are generated from synthesis of sustainability ratings of CRE project management and integration of BMPs theory with the gaps and weaknesses of CRE project management. In conclusion, solutions focus on ‘actual problem-based solving approach’, understanding CRE project management problems and sustained practices by community residents are at the core of BMPs. Experiences can be shared by exchanging RE knowledge among academic and professional networks, and this exchange may improve the suitability of REs in relation to dynamic changes in environmental conditions.

Survival Strategies of Successful Black Farmers

1994 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 73-83
Author(s):  
Patricia E. McLean-Meyinsse ◽  
Adell Brown
Keyword(s):  
Family Support ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
New Technology ◽  
Survival Strategies ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Government Programs ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
Black Farmers ◽  
Adoption Of New Technology

Structural change in U.S. agriculture has resulted in a decline in farm numbers, increases in farm size, and the dominance of large-scale producers. Although the number of black-operated farms has fallen considerably since the 1950s, a small group of these farmers operate successful farms. A selected group of black farmers in Louisiana was surveyed to determine their strategies for success. The results indicate that success is directly related to (a) good management practices, (b) knowledge and early adoption of new technology, (c) strong work ethics, (d) love of farming, (e) size of operation, (f) participation in government programs, and (g) strong family support.

Effects of Natural Organic Matter on Heavy Metal Transport during Infiltration

1996 ◽  
Vol 1523 (1) ◽  
pp. 167-172
Author(s):  
Ronan V. Igloria ◽  
Wade E. Hathhorn ◽  
David R. Yonge
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Natural Organic Matter ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Soil Column ◽  
Highway Runoff ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Washington State, like many others, has begun a program to dispose of highway runoff in which a priority has been given to the use of infiltration technologies (e.g., infiltration basins, dry wells, etc.). Heavy metals are of particular interest, because they are the most prevalent priority pollutant in highway runoff. Though traditionally these heavy metals are thought to possess relatively large retardation factors within the subsurface, previous studies have indicated a possibility of their transport being facilitated through complexation with natural organic matter (NOM). If ignored, this form of transport may pose serious errors in the prediction of metal breakthrough times and mass loadings to underlying groundwaters. In addressing this issue, large-scale soil columns are tested under loading conditions similar to actual infiltration best management practices to assess the performance of these facilities in removing heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) from infiltrating water. Experiments were performed investigating the effects of high and low concentrations of NOM on metals attenuation by field soils. Results show that high concentrations of NOM actually improved soil column attenuation of the metals.

scholarly journals Why people matter in ocean governance: Incorporating human dimensions into large-scale marine protected areas

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Christie ◽  
Nathan Bennett ◽  
Noella J. Gray ◽  
T. ‘Aulani Wilhelm ◽  
Nai‘a Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Research Agenda ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Marine Conservation ◽  
Human Dimensions ◽  
Think Tank ◽  
Best Management

Large-scale marine protected areas (LSMPAs) are rapidly increasing. Due to their sheer size, complex sociopolitical realities, and distinct local cultural perspectives and economic needs, implementing and managing LSMPAs successfully creates a number of human dimensions challenges. It is timely and important to explore the human dimensions of LSMPAs. This paper draws on the results of a global “Think Tank on the Human Dimensions of Large Scale Marine Protected Areas” involving 125 people from 17 countries, including representatives from government agencies, non-governmental organizations, academia, professionals, industry, cultural/indigenous leaders and LSMPA site managers. The overarching goal of this effort was to be proactive in understanding the issues and developing best management practices and a research agenda that address the human dimensions of LSMPAs. Identified best management practices for the human dimensions of LSMPAs included: integration of culture and traditions, effective public and stakeholder engagement, maintenance of livelihoods and wellbeing, promotion of economic sustainability, conflict management and resolution, transparency and matching institutions, legitimate and appropriate governance, and social justice and empowerment. A shared human dimensions research agenda was developed that included priority topics under the themes of scoping human dimensions, governance, politics, social and economic outcomes, and culture and tradition. The authors discuss future directions in researching and incorporating human dimensions into LSMPAs design and management, reflect on this global effort to co-produce knowledge and re-orient practice on the human dimensions of LSMPAs, and invite others to join a nascent community of practice on the human dimensions of large-scale marine conservation.

scholarly journals Best Management Practices Enable the Coexistence of Agriculture and the Everglades Environment.

HortScience ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 690d-690
Author(s):  
F.T. Izuno ◽  
R.W. Rice ◽  
L.T. Capone
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Drainage Water ◽  
Florida Everglades ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Best Management ◽  
Particulate Control

Situated at the northern end of the historical Florida Everglades is the 280,000-ha tract of land called the Everglades Agricultural Area (EAA). This land was diked, canalized, and drained in the early 1900s to encourage the production of primarily sugarcane, vegetables, sod, and rice on its Histosols. The phosphorus in drainage water from the EAA is believed to be causing undesirable changes to the ecosystem in areas subject to legislated environmental protection. Phosphorus (P) load reduction “Best Management Practices” (BMPs) are being developed and implemented in the EAA to reduce agricultural production impacts on the wetland areas. The BMPs can be categorized as fertilizer, water management, or particulate control related, and can be applied effectively across the EAA. Ten farms, representative of the EAA soils, rainfall, crops, farm size, geographic location, and water management practices, were used in the study. The farms were monitored under pre-BMP conditions for 1 to 3 years. By Jan. 1995, seven of the 10 farms were operating under project-designed BMP packages that included only the fertilizer and water management options. Depending on the method used for adjusting for hydrologic variability between years, calculated P load reductions ranged from 25% to 60% between 1994 and 1995.

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