NUTRITIVE VALUE OF SEDGE AND KENTUCKY BLUEGRASS HAYS GROWN IN ALBERTA

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 187-193 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON ◽  
L. W. McELROY
Keyword(s):  
Trichloroacetic Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Kentucky Bluegrass ◽  
Lake Bottom ◽  
Oat Straw

The nutritive values of sedge and Kentucky bluegrass hays grown in a partially drained lake bottom in central Alberta were assessed in the laboratory and compared with those of brome–fescue hay and oat straw. The extent and rate of in vitro digestion for each forage with rumen fluid from cows fed either sedge, Kentucky bluegrass or brome–fescue were measured using a two-stage technique. The forages were analyzed for proximate components and minerals, and the rumen fluid for trichloroacetic acid-insoluble nitrogen (TCA-N) and volatile fatty acids (VFA). The effects of sulphur and phosphorus supplementation on the in vitro digestion of purified cellulose in the presence of aqueous extracts of sedge, Kentucky bluegrass and brome–fescue were also determined. In vitro dry matter and cellulose digestibilities were highest for brome–fescue and lowest for oat straw; DMD values for Kentucky bluegrass were consistently higher (P > 0.05) than for sedge. Phosphorus supplementation did not enhance cellulose digestion with brome–fescue extract, but with sedge and Kentucky bluegrass extracts, the responses were significant. Ruminal TCA-N and VFA concentrations were highest after feeding brome–fescue, followed by Kentucky bluegrass and then sedge. These studies indicated that the nutritive value of brome–fescue hay was highest, followed by Kentucky bluegrass and sedge hays, and then oat straw.

Comparison of alfalfa and fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) silages supplemented with barley grain on performance of growing steers

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 343-349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Z. Mir ◽  
P. S. Mir ◽  
S. N. Acharya ◽  
M. S. Zaman ◽  
W. G. Taylor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Dry Matter Intake ◽  
Plastic Tube ◽  
Alfalfa Silage

To compare nutritive value of alfalfa and fenugreek silages for weaned back-grounding feedlot steers, isonitrogenous diets of alfalfa or fenugreek silage, supplemented with three levels of steam-rolled barley (0, 15 and 30% DM) were fed ad libitum to 60 steers (initial weight of 237 ± 18 kg). The study was conducted in individual pens for 105 d using a 2 × 3 factorial experiment. Fenugreek was cut 17 wk after seeding while the alfalfa was cut at mid-bloom. Both fenugreek and alfalfa silages were prepared in plastic tube silos after wilting to 38 and 35% DM, respectively. After ensiling for 40 d, silage tubes were opened and a feeding trial was conducted. Alfalfa and fenugreek silage contained similar levels of CP (18.0 and 17.2%, respectively) while fenugreek silage contained a lower level of NDF (38.2%) than alfalfa silage (40.4%). Dry matter intake (DMI) and average daily gain (ADG) of steers increased (P < 0.001) and feed efficiency (FE) improved linearly (P < 0.001) with increasing grain level in the diet. Dry matter intake (6.4 vs. 6.2 kg d−1), ADG (0.82 vs. 0.84 kg d−1), FE (8.1 vs. 7.8), total rumen volatile fatty acids (103.4 vs. 105.3 mM), rumen fluid pH (6.9 vs. 6.9) and rumen ammonia concentration (9.6 vs. 10.4 mg dL−1) in steers were similar for both alfalfa- and fenugreek-silage-based diets, respectively. Although in vitro rate of gas production was different at 12.6 and 17.4% h−1 for alfalfa and fenugreek diets, respectively, potential gas production at the end of 72 h of fermentation was similar (21.6 vs. 22.3 mL 100 mg−1 DM). The presence of steroidal saponins in fenugreek plants did not affect steer performance or hormonal status when fed as silage. Results from this study indicate that the nutritive value of fenugreek silage is comparable to that of mid-bloom alfalfa silage, and that fenugreek, a high-DM yielding annual legume, has potential to be a valuable forage in feedlot diets. Key words: Alfalfa silage, fenugreek silage, annual legume, feedlot, steer, barley

NUTRITIVE VALUE OF FORMALDEHYDE-TREATED RAPESEED MEAL FOR DAIRY CALVES

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 363-371 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. SHARMA ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
J. A. McKIRDY
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Dairy Calves ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Daily Gain

Treatment of oilseed meals with formaldehyde (FA) and glutaraldehyde (GA) significantly (P < 0.01) reduced the solubility of protein in 0.02 N NaOH and the production of NH3 in the artificial rumen. Ten Holstein and Holstein × Brown Swiss calves of both sexes were fed two test rations containing either 26% untreated or formaldehyde-treated (5.6 g FA per 100 g protein) rapeseed meal (FA-treated RSM) for 14 weeks. Plasma urea nitrogen (N) and rumen NH3 levels were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the FA-treated RSM calves compared with the control calves during the first 8 weeks of the growth trial. No significant difference (P > 0.05) in dry matter consumption, daily gain, or feed efficiency was observed. Total volatile fatty acids (VFA) (mmoles/100 ml) concentration was significantly higher (P < 0.05) in rumen fluid from the control calves compared with those receiving treated RSM. Molar percentages of the VFA’s were not significantly different (P > 0.05) between the two groups. In the N balance and digestibility trial, dry matter consumption did not differ significantly (P > 0.05); however, the FA-treated RSM resulted in decreased (P < 0.05) dry matter and crude protein digestibility. Calves receiving the treated RSM had reduced (P < 0.01) urinary N excretion; however, there was no significant effect (P > 0.05) on N consumption and retention.

scholarly journals Effects of Geraniol and Camphene on in Vitro Rumen Fermentation and Methane Production

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Joch ◽  
V. Kudrna ◽  
B. Hučko
Keyword(s):  
Methane Emission ◽  
Methane Production ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Rumen Fermentation ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility

AbstractThe objective of this study was to determine the effects of geraniol and camphene at three dosages (300, 600, and 900 mg l-1) on rumen microbial fermentation and methane emission in in vitro batch culture of rumen fluid supplied with a 60 : 40 forage : concentrate substrate (16.2% crude protein, 33.1% neutral detergent fibre). The ionophore antibiotic monensin (8 mg/l) was used as positive control. Compared to control, geraniol significantly (P < 0.05) reduced methane production with increasing doses, with reductions by 10.2, 66.9, and 97.9%. However, total volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and in vitro dry matter digestibility were also reduced (P < 0.05) by all doses of geraniol. Camphene demonstrated weak and unpromising effects on rumen fermentation. Camphene did not decrease (P > 0.05) methane production and slightly decreased (P < 0.05) VFA production. Due to the strong antimethanogenic effect of geraniol a careful selection of dose and combination with other antimethanogenic compounds may be effective in mitigating methane emission from ruminants. However, if a reduction in total VFA production and dry matter digestibility persisted in vivo, geraniol would have a negative effect on animal productivity.

EFFECT OF TANNINS ON THE DIGESTIBILITY OF TWO ISOSYNTHETIC STRAINS OF BIRDSFOOT TREFOIL (Lotus corniculatus L.) USING IN VITRO AND IN SACCO TECHNIQUES

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 751-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CHIQUETTE ◽  
K.-J. CHENG ◽  
J. W. COSTERTON ◽  
L. P. MILLIGAN
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Lotus Corniculatus ◽  
Birdsfoot Trefoil ◽  
Dry Matter Loss ◽  
Forage Digestibility ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
In Sacco

Two new isosynthetic strains of birdsfoot trefoil (Lotus corniculatus L.), containing low or high concentrations of tannin, were tested using in vitro and in sacco digestibility techniques. The high tannin (HT) strain contained an average of five times more tannin on a dry matter basis, than the low tannin (LT) strain. After 24-h in vitro digestion, by a rumen inoculum, there was less (P < 0.01) dry matter disappearance (45.7 vs. 54.4%) from the HT strain. Also, the development of gas pressure was lower (P < 0.01) and production of volatile fatty acids less (P < 0.05) with the HT strain than with the LT strain. Average dry matter loss from four replicated nylon bags was also lower (P < 0.01) for the HT strain than for the LT strain after 8, 12, and 24 h of incubation in rumen. These data indicate that a LT strain of birdsfoot trefoil might improve the forage digestibility. Key words: Birdsfoot trefoil, tannin, digestibility

scholarly journals Comparison of three different rumen fluid as a source of inoculum to evaluate in vitro gas production and digestibility of elephant grass-concentrate mixture

2021 ◽  
Vol 888 (1) ◽  
pp. 012076
Author(s):  
H Soetanto ◽  
RM Aprilia ◽  
MS Pramita ◽  
I Banna
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Elephant Grass ◽  
Buffer Solution ◽  
Cattle Breeds ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Concentrate Mixture

Abstract This study aimed at elucidating the use of three different rumen fluid (RF) of indigenous cattle breeds i.e. Bali, Madura and Crossbred Ongole immediately after slaughtered at abattoir to evaluate the nutritive value of elephant grass( EG) -concentrate mixture using a standard in vitro gas production (IVGP) technique. Approximately 500 mg feed dry matter/syringe was added with 50 ml RF-buffer solution and incubated in a 39 0C water bath for 48 hours where gas production was observed at time intervals. Following termination of incubation the content was transferred into tare glass crucible to measure rumen dry matter (RDMD) and organic matter (ROMD) digestibility. The results showed that there was no significant different (P>0.05) in gas production parameters. In contrast, RDMD and ROMD differed significantly (P<0.01) among cattle breeds. RF from OCB resulted in the highest IVGP, RDMD and ROMD as compared with other RF sources. In conclusion, the use of RF from abattoir for IVGP measurement can be warranted using the same source of RF. The highest values resulted from OCB suggests that the abundance and variation in rumen microbiota may exist among cattle breeds.

THE INTAKE AND DIGESTIBILITY OF AMMONIATED CEREAL STRAWS BY CATTLE

1978 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 471-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. J. HORTON
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Plasma Urea ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Ruminal Ph ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Oat Straw

The effects of treatment with 3.5% anhydrous ammonia on the nutritive value of straws from Neepawa wheat, Bonanza barley and Random oats were investigated with growing Hereford steers. Ambient temperatures during the 6-wk post-treatment period were 0.1 °C for wheat and barley straws and 15 °C for oat straw. The four treatments were untreated and ammoniated straw, fed with or without 4-kg supplements per day over four periods to four steers in a 4 × 4 latin square design. Crude protein was doubled in wheat and barley straws and trebled in oat straw following ammoniation. The consumption of all three straws without concentrates was increased significantly by ammoniation. Apparent digestibility of dry matter and crude fiber on straw rations were higher (P < 0.05) in ammoniated wheat and oat straw than in the corresponding untreated straws. Neither straw intake nor dry matter digestibility were improved (P > 0.05) by ammoniation when supplements were fed, though crude fiber digestibility was increased (P < 0.05) in wheat and oat straw rations. Straw treatment had no effect (P > 0.05) on ruminal pH, dehydrogenase activity, or total or molar proportions of volatile fatty acids. Ruminal ammonia concentrations were higher (P < 0.01) for ammoniated than for untreated straws fed alone and similar to those when concentrates were also fed. Plasma urea, measured 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 7 h post-prandial, was highest in steers fed ammoniated wheat and oat straw and lowest when untreated straw was fed alone.

scholarly journals Screening of Cyanide-Utilizing Bacteria from Rumen and In Vitro Evaluation of Fresh Cassava Root Utilization with Pellet Containing High Sulfur Diet

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rittikeard Prachumchai ◽  
Anusorn Cherdthong ◽  
Metha Wanapat
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Cassava Root ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Completely Randomized Design

The current work aimed to screen the ruminal cyanide-utilizing bacteria and evaluate the influence of fresh cassava root (FCR) and pellets containing high sulfur (PELFUR) on cyanide content, kinetics of gas, in vitro degradability, and ruminal fermentation. The experiment was conducted in a Completely randomized design (CRD) for a screening of cyanide-utilizing bacteria and the dietary treatments were the level of cyanide at 0, 150, 300, and 450 ppm. A 5 &times; 3 factorial arrangement in a Completely randomized design was used for in vitro study. Factor A was the level of FCR at 0, 260, 350, 440, and 530 g/kg of 0.5 g dry matter (DM) substrate, and factor B was the level of PELFUR at 0, 15, and 30 g/kg DM substrate. Adding different doses of cyanide significantly affected cyanide-utilizing rumen bacterial growth (p &lt; 0.05). Increasing the concentration of cyanide from 0 to 150 and 150 to 300 ppm, resulted in an increase in cyanide-utilizing rumen bacteria of 38.2% and 15.0%, respectively. Increasing the FCR level to more than 260 g/kg of 0.5 g substrate could increase cumulative gas production (p &lt; 0.05), whereas increasing doses of PELFUR from 15 to 30 g/kg increased the cumulative gas production when compared with that of 0 g/kg PELFUR (p &lt; 0.05). Cyanide concentration in rumen fluid decreased with PELFUR (p &lt; 0.05) supplementation. Degradability of in vitro dry matter and organic matter following incubation increased at 12 and 24 h due to PELFUR supplementation with FCR and increased additionally with 15 g/kg PELFUR (p &lt; 0.05) in 440 g/kg FCR. Proportions of the total volatile fatty acids, acetic acid (C2), propionic acid (C3), and butyric acid, as well as the ratio of C2 to C3 among supplementations with FCR (p &lt; 0.05) were significantly different. As the proportion of FCR increased to 530 g/kg of the substrate, the volume of C3 increased by 14.6%. This is the first finding of bacteria in the rumen capable of utilizing cyanide, and cyanide might function as a nitrogen source for bacterial cell synthesis. Inclusion of FCR of 530 g/kg with 30 g/kg PELFUR could increase the cumulative gas production, the bacterial population, the in vitro degradability, the proportion of C3, and the rate of the disappearance of cyanide.

scholarly journals In vitro assessment of ruminal fermentation, digestibility and methane production of three species of Desmanthus for application in northern Australian grazing systems

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 797 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie Vandermeulen ◽  
Sultan Singh ◽  
Carlos Alberto Ramírez-Restrepo ◽  
Robert D. Kinley ◽  
Christopher P. Gardiner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Northern Australia ◽  
Rhodes Grass ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
Grass Hay

Three species of Desmanthus adapted to the heavy clay soils of northern Australia were studied to determine their nutritive value and effects on in vitro fermentation with rumen fluid, compared with Rhodes grass (Chloris gayana) hay. Leaves and stems of D. leptophyllus cv. JCU 1, D. virgatus cv. JCU 2 and D. bicornutus cv. JCU 4 were collected in summer, winter and spring of 2014 and analysed for chemical composition. Apparent digestibility as in vitro organic matter digestibility (IVD-OM) and fermentation parameters including methane (CH4) production were measured during 72-h fermentations using rumen fluid from steer donors grazing tropical grasses and legumes. Desmanthus bicornutus was on average more digestible than both D. leptophyllus and D. virgatus at 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. This species also demonstrated an anti-methanogenic potential, in particular when harvested in summer with a reduction in CH4 production of 26% compared with Rhodes grass hay after 72 h of incubation. At this time point, D. leptophyllus produced higher volatile fatty acids (VFA per g of organic matter fermented) compared with the other forages. This legume also reduced the CH4 production up to 36% compared with the Rhodes grass hay reference. However, D. leptophyllus showed lower IVD-OM. Overall, Desmanthus species produced lower in vitro CH4 and lower volatile fatty acids concentration compared with the reference grass hay. These effects may be due to presence of secondary compounds such as hydrolysable tannins, condensed tannins and/or their combination in Desmanthus species. The IVD-OM was influenced by the season after 72 h of incubation; the digestibility was higher in plants collected in spring. This study suggests that contrasting fermentative profiles in Desmanthus cultivars may offer the opportunity to reduce the greenhouse gas contribution of the beef industry. The next step in demonstration of these promising in vitro results is demonstration of Desmanthus in vivo as proof of concept confirming the productivity and CH4 reduction ability of these legumes in the pastoral systems of northern Australia.

scholarly journals PSXI-30 The effects of hybrid and maturity on the nutritive value of snaplage

2019 ◽  
Vol 97 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 404-405
Author(s):  
Jessica Gusmão ◽  
Marcio Bastos ◽  
Luciana Lima ◽  
Marcus Cardoso ◽  
Thiago Bernardes
Keyword(s):  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Maturity Stage ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Nutrient Analysis

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess the nutritive value of snaplage as affected by hybrid and maturity. Five corn hybrids were grown at 70,000 plants/ha on three replicate plots (5 x 5 m) in each of three blocks (21°14′ S, 44°58′ W). Hybrids were harvested at target maturity stage of 40, 35, and 30% of moisture (M1, M2, and M3, respectively) by removing ears from two rows in each plot. Ears were weighed and split into two subsamples. One was split into kernels, husk and shank, and cob, weighed and oven-dried. The second subsample was processed and ensiled in 5-L jars for 90 d. Measurements included dry matter (DM) yield, nutrient analysis and in vitro digestion of neutral detergent fiber (NDF-D, 48h). The experimental design was randomized complete blocks using a mixed repeated-measures model. Data were analyzed using MIXED procedure of SAS, followed by a Tukey test at P ≤ 0.05. Mean moisture at harvest were 42.9, 36.8, and 31.3% for M1, M2, and M3, respectively. The DM yield was unaffected by hybrid and maturity (on average = 19 t/ha). The NDF concentration of husk increased at each maturity (81.5, 83.4, and 83.7% DM, respectively) and NDF-D decreased (45.5, 43.4, and 41.4%, respectively). The NDF concentration of cob increased at each maturity (76.0, 79.5, and 81.6% DM, respectively) and NDF-D decreased (47.3, 43.7, and 38.4%, respectively). Among hybrids, NDF concentration of snaplage varied from 20.9 to 24.5% DM (P = 0.014). The NDF-D of snaplage decreased at each maturity (Figure 1; P = 0.001). The starch concentration of snaplage increased from M1 to M2, but no difference between M2 and M3 (P = 0.009). Snaplage has a wide harvest window; however, changes in the nutritive value of snaplage as affected by maturity should be considered when formulating diets.

scholarly journals Differences between sheep and red deer in in vitro apparent and true digestibility of commonly used red deer feeds

2018 ◽  
Vol 112 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Andrej LAVRENČIČ ◽  
Darko VETERNIK
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Red Deer ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Rumen Fluid ◽  
Apple Pomace ◽  
Host Animal ◽  
Grass Silage ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
True Digestibility

The nutritive value of red deer feeds is frequently determined by sheep despite the ultimate arbitrator of the nutritive value of any feed is the host animal. The objective of the trial was to determine the influence of rumen fluid donor (sheep <em>vs</em> red deer) on <em>in vitro</em> dry matter (DMD), neutral-detergent fibre (NDFD) and true digestibility (<em>iv</em>TD) of eleven substrata, naturally occurring in Slovenian forests (chestnut fruits, acorns of common and sessile oak, two fresh grasses) and those frequently used in supplemental red deer feeding (two grass hays and two grass silages, apple pomace and sugar beet roots). Only the fresh grass from Jelendol had greater (<em>p </em>&lt; 0.05) DMD (646 <em>vs</em> 508 g/kg) when incubated in red deer inoculum. The NDFD and <em>iv</em>TD were always numerically greater when substrates were incubated in red deer inocula, however the NDFD and <em>iv</em>TD were significantly greater (<em>p</em> &lt; 0.05) only when fresh grass from Jelendol (590 <em>vs</em> 343 g/kg and 801 <em>vs</em> 681 g/kg, respectively), grass silage from Kokra (541 <em>vs</em> 359 g/kg and 742 <em>vs</em> 639 g/kg, respectively) and apple pomace (428 <em>vs</em> 328 g/kg and 704 <em>vs</em> 653 g/kg, respectively) were incubated in the inoculum prepared from red deer rumen contents. These results indicate that rumen fluid from sheep can be used to predict <em>in vitro</em> digestibility in red deer and that these parameters can be used in the formulation of deer diets.

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