scholarly journals THE RELATION OF METABOLIZABLE ENERGY VALUES TO CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF WHEAT AND BARLEY FOR CHICKS, TURKEYS AND ROOSTERS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. J. COATES ◽  
S. J. SLINGER ◽  
G. C. ASHTON ◽  
H. S. BAYLEY
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Great Loss ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Predicted Values

Six separate regression equations have been calculated to relate the metabolizable energy (ME) value of 16 samples of wheat and 16 samples of barley, determined with young chicks, growing turkeys and adult roosters, to their chemical composition. The simplest equation accounted for 83% of the variation in the mean ME values of the barley samples determined with chicks merely by using the crude fiber level in the barley. The prediction equation for the ME values of the barleys for the turkeys included crude fiber, crude protein and ash. In the case of the wheat, the prediction equations used crude fiber, crude protein, ash, fat, nitrogen-free extract and selenium, although selenium could be eliminated without great loss of precision for wheat samples with less than 1.32 ppm selenium. Nitrogen-free extract as a measure of available carbohydrate gave higher coefficients of determination to the regression equations than more specific assays of starch and sugar. The ME values estimated in the present study were compared with those estimated by applying prediction equations published earlier by a number of other workers. These equations fell into two groups: those designed to predict the ME values of individual feeds, and those designed to predict the ME values of a whole range of feeds and mixed diets. There was better agreement between the predicted values from the first group of equations and the observed values for the wheats and barleys than for the ME values predicted by the more general equations. However, even the equations specifically developed for wheats underestimated the ME values of the wheat samples determined with roosters, and it is suggested that there may be merit in developing prediction equations for each feed for use with each class of poultry.

Research on Chemical Composition and Nutritive Value of Green Fodder Used in Ecological Production of Eggs for Consumption

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 682-687
Author(s):  
Gherasim Nacu ◽  
Maria Bologa ◽  
Cecilia Pop ◽  
Paul Corneliu Boisteanu ◽  
Daniel Simeanu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Important Condition ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Green Fodder

The aim of this paper is to study the chemical composition of a green fodder used in laying hens feeding raised in ecological system; organic fodder being an important condition to obtain organic eggs for consumption. In order to evaluate the chemical composition variations of the green fodder throughout the year, there were taken plants samples in three different vegetation stages (May, September and October). To each period, were done 5 determinations for the following indicators: dry matter - DM (%), ash - Ash (%), crude protein - CP (%), ether extract - EE (%), crude fiber -CF(%), nitrogen free extract - (NFE%) calcium � Ca(%), phosphorus - P(%), magnesium - Mg (%), natrium -Na(%). And also, were analyzed the relevant indexes for the organic production: lead -Pb (mg/kg DM), cadmium - Cd (mg/kg DM), cooper -Cu (mg/kg DM), zinc - Zn (mg/kg DM) nitrites (ppm), nitrates (ppm), pesticides. After analysis, it was noticed that dry matter, minerals, organic matter and protein content varied very significantly between the first period and the third (p �0.001), while the fat content, crude fiber and nitrogen free extract did not register significant differences (p �0.05). Regarding the minerals elements analyzed, P and Mg differed significantly distinctly between the first and the last analyzed period. The content of green fodder in Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn was below the limits allowed by current legislation. The analyses for pesticides have highlighted the lack of them in the fodder. The quality parameters of the analyzed green fodder, expressed through levels of pollutants such as heavy metals, nitrites, nitrates, pesticides, allow us to notify that the green fodders achieve the conditions necessary for organic production.

The nutritive value of grasses grown in Uganda when fed to zebu cattle II. The relation between crude fibre and nitrogen-free extract and other nutrients

1963 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-108 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. Bredon ◽  
K. W. Harker ◽  
B. Marshall
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Experimental Results ◽  
Zebu Cattle ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Wide Range

The correlation between chemical composition and nutritive value of grass fed to short-horn zebu steers in Uganda was investigated. The following regression equations were calculated from the experimental results and discussed in part I of this paper.Dig. coef. of C.P. = 100·89 log c.p. – 44·45;r = 0·9738, P < 0·001.(For use when fodders of wide range of proteins are compared.)Dig. coef. of c.p.= 5·14 c.p.;r – 0·9339, P < 0·001.(For quick calculation when only approximate figures are required.)Dig. coef. of c.p. = 9·588 + 4·284 c.p.;r = 0·9521, P < 0·001.To be used between 4·5 and 17% of crude protein.)% c.p. in grass eaten = 1·677 c.p.infaeces – 6·93; r = 0·958, P < 0·001.Dig. coef. of d.m. = 41·81 + 1·63 c.p.;r = 0·9362, P < 0·001.Dig. coef. of o.m.= 46·05 + 1·4152 c.p.;r = 0·8851, P < 0·001.The regression equations calculated from the experimental results in the present paper (part II) are as follows:Dig. coef. of d.m. = 150·88 – 1·179 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9634, P < 0·001.Dig. coef. of d.m. = 120·03 – 1·778 c.f.;r = 0·721, P < 0·01.Dig. coef. of o.m. = 142·50 – 1·045 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9320, P < 0·001.t.d.n.= 129·39 – 0·9419 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9288, P < 0·001.t.d.n. = 7·76 + 0·8192 dig. coef. of d.m.;r = 0·9886, P < 0·001.s.e. = 0·9367 dig. coef. of d.m. – 20·15;r = 0·9832, P < 0·001.s.e. = 120·80 – 1·104 (c.f. + n.f.e.);r = 0·9468, P < 0·001.s.e. = 99·44 – 1·868 c.f.r = 0·7948, P < 0·01.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF DIPLOID AUTOTETRAPLOID BARLEY VARIETIES

1963 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. W. Sosulski ◽  
E. N. Larter
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Stages Of Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Calcium Phosphorus ◽  
Feeding Value ◽  
Diastatic Activity

Although the forages from six autotetraploid barley varieties harvested at the 5-leaf and mature stages of growth contained slightly more crude protein, their feeding value appeared inferior to diploid barley forages because of a lower dry matter and mineral content. Autotetraploid seeds exceeded the diploids by about one-third in percentage of crude protein, crude fiber, potassium, calcium, phosphorus and magnesium but were lower in moisture and nitrogen-free extract. A greater proportion of hulls was a contributing factor in the higher crude fiber and ash content of the autotetraploids. On the basis of their chemical composition, the autotetraploid seeds would make excellent livestock feeds.Prediction tests indicated that, in spite of the large seed and exceptionally high diastatic activity in the autotetraploids, their yield of barley extract would be too low for malting purposes.

scholarly journals Digestibility and energy content of Paulownia (Paulownia elongata S.Y.Hu) leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 307-310
Author(s):  
G. Ganchev ◽  
А. Ilchev ◽  
А. Koleva
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Energy Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Paulownia Elongata

Abstract. The aim of the study was to determine the digestibility and energy content of Paulownia elongata S.Y.Hu leaves after leaf fall. Leaves together with petioles were dried at room temperature and milled with a roughage mill before feeding to animals. A classical digestion trial was performed, with three rams weighing 55.4kg on average, by determining the chemical composition of consumed feed, feed leftovers and excreted faeces. Digestibility was evaluated as difference in the amount of ingested nutrients and nutrients excreted with faeces and it was determined to be 50.72, 52.08, 31.63, 54.09, 55.15 and 56.06% for dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), crude fibre (CF) and nitrogen-free extract (NFE). The energy value for ruminants calculated on the basis of chemical composition and established digestibility was 8.29 MJ digestible energy (DE)/kg DM, 6.55 MJ metabolizable energy (ME)/ kg DM, 0.59 feed units for milk (FUM)/kg DM and 0.52 feed units for growth (FUG)/kg DM.

scholarly journals Prediction of metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal for broiler chickens

2010 ◽  
Vol 39 (10) ◽  
pp. 2237-2245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edney Pereira da Silva ◽  
Carlos Bôa-Viagem Rabello ◽  
Luiz Fernando Teixeira Albino ◽  
Jorge Victor Ludke ◽  
Michele Bernardino de Lima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Collection Method ◽  
Gross Energy

This research aimed at generating and evaluating prediction equations to estimate metabolizable energy values in poultry offal meal. The used information refers to values of apparent and true metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen balance (AMEn and TMEn) and for chemical composition of poultry offal meal. The literature review only included published papers on poultry offal meal developed in Brazil, and that had AMEn and TMEn values obtained by the total excreta collection method from growing broiler chickens and the chemical composition in crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), gross energy (GE), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P). The general equation obtained to estimate AMEn values of poultry offal meal was: AMEn = -2315.69 + 31.4439(CP) + 29.7697(MM) + 0.7689(GE) - 49.3611(Ca), R² = 72%. For meals with high fat contents (higher than 15%) and low mineral matter contents (lower than 10%), it is suggest the use of the equation AMEn = + 3245.07 + 46.8428(EE), R² = 76%, and for meals with high mineral matter content (higher than 10%), it is suggest the equations AMEn = 4059.15 - 440.397(P), R² = 82%. To estimate values of TMEn, it is suggested for meals with high mineral matter content the equation: TMEn = 5092.57 - 115.647(MM), R² = 78%, and for those with low contents of this component, the option is the equation: TMEn = 3617.83 - 15.7988(CP) - 18.2323(EE) - 96.3884(MM) + 0.4874(GE), R² = 76%.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition of Earthworm (Eisenia foetida) Co-Dried with Vegetable Meals as an Animal Feed

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-92
Author(s):  
Kirenia Pérez-Corría ◽  
Aroldo Botello-León ◽  
Abril Karina Mauro-Félix ◽  
Franklin Rivera-Pineda ◽  
María Teresa Viana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Eisenia Foetida ◽  
Corn Meal ◽  
Feed Ingredient ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract ◽  
Market Requirement

To evaluate the chemical composition of the earthworm (Eisenia foetida) co-dried (EW) with vegetable meals (VM) as animal feed ingredient, the blends were mixed with wheat bran (WB), rice powder (RP), corn meal (CM) and soy cake meal (SCM) in proportions of 85:15; 75:25 and 65:35. The dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fat (CFA), crude fiber (CF), ashes and nitrogen-free extract (NFE) of the ingredients and final mixtures were determined. All the mixtures resulted with a high content of DM (≥90.00 %). No significant differences among the proportions were revealed (P>0.05). In addition, the higher inclusion of the earthworm in the proportions (85:15) increased (P<0.05) the CP (54.70 %), CFA (7.28 %), and ashes (10.20 %), mainly when mixed with SCM, CM, and RP, respectively. However, the use of vegetable meals proportionally increased the CF (7.31 %), and NFE (52.62 %), mainly with the proportion of 65:35 and with RP and CM, respectively (P<0.05). The results showed that the vegetable meals (WB, RP, CM, and SCM) are useful to co-dry the earthworm to be use for animal feed. It is concluded that the most appropriate proportion (VM:EW) will depend on the animal species, productive stage and market requirement.

scholarly journals Accuracy of predicting chemical body composition of growing pigs using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Kasper ◽  
Patrick Schlegel ◽  
Isabel Ruiz-Ascacibar ◽  
Peter Stoll ◽  
Giuseppe Bee
Keyword(s):  
Body Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Imaging Techniques ◽  
Dual Energy ◽  
Growing Pigs ◽  
Regression Equations ◽  
Chemical Analyses ◽  
Prediction Equations ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
X Ray

AbstractStudies in animal science assessing nutrient and energy efficiency or determining nutrient requirements necessitate gathering exact measurements of body composition or body nutrient contents. Wet chemical analysis methods or standardized dissection are commonly applied, but both are destructive. Harnessing human medical imaging techniques for animal science can enable repeated measurements of individuals over time and reduce the number of individuals required for research. Among imaging techniques, dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) is particularly promising. However, the measurements obtained with DXA do not perfectly match dissections or chemical analyses, requiring the adjustment of the DXA via calibration equations. Several calibration regressions have been published, but comparative studies are pending. Thus, it is currently not clear whether existing regression equations can be directly used to convert DXA measurements into chemical values or whether each individual DXA device will require its own calibration. Our study builds prediction equations that relate body composition to the content of single nutrients in growing entire male pigs (body weight range 20-100 kg) as determined by both DXA and chemical analyses, with R2 ranging between 0.89 for ash and 0.99 for water and crude protein. Moreover, we show that the chemical composition of the empty body can be satisfactorily determined by DXA scans of carcasses, with the prediction error rCV ranging between 4.3% for crude protein and 12.6% for ash. Finally, we compare existing prediction equations for pigs of a similar range of body weights with the equations derived from our DXA measurements and evaluate their fit with our chemical analyses data. We found that existing equations for absolute contents that were built using the same DXA beam technology predicted our data more precisely than equations based on different technologies and percentages of fat and lean mass. This indicates that the creation of generic regression equations that yield reliable estimates of body composition in pigs of different growth stages, sexes and genetic breeds could be achievable in the near future. DXA may be a promising tool for high-throughput phenotyping for genetic studies, because it efficiently measures body composition in a large number and wide array of animals.

scholarly journals Dependence of the buffer capacity on the chemical composition of dry matter of alfalfa

2021 ◽  
Vol 901 (1) ◽  
pp. 012044
Author(s):  
G V Stepanova ◽  
M V Volovik
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Buffer Capacity ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Flowering Phase ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Main Influence

Annotation It is shown that the buffer capacity of dry matter of alfalfa of the first cut in the flowering phase is 5.66-5.94 mol / liter. With an increase in the content of crude protein and crude ash by 1%, it increases by 0.14-0.40 and 0.49-0.86 mol / liter, respectively, with an increase in the content of soluble carbohydrates by 1%, it decreases by 1.44 mol / liter … The dry matter of the second cut alfalfa has a high forage quality. The content of crude protein from the stemming-beginning of budding phase to the flowering phase is in the range of 23.44-20.20%, crude ash 9.24-8.10%, while the content of crude fiber is reduced to 22.92-29.01%, dry matter - up to 20.84-26.00%. The buffer capacity of dry matter reaches 9.69-7.23 mol / liter. The main influence on the buffer capacity is exerted by the mineral composition of the dry matter. An increase in the content of crude ash by 1% increases the buffer capacity of dry matter by 0.55 ± 0.16 - 1.36 ± 0.14 mol / l, an increase in the content of crude protein by 1% increases the buffer capacity by 0.15 ± 0.06 - 0.39 ± 0.14 mol / liter.

The Apparent Digestibility of Nutrients and Energy Value to Pigs of Plantains (Musa Sapientum Var. Paradisiaca Linn)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-191
Author(s):  
V. A. Oyenuga ◽  
B. L. Fetuga
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Apparent Digestibility ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Large White ◽  
High Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Free Extract

The proximate and mineral constituents of six plantain forms, raw green plantain (RGP), cooked green plantain (CGP), raw ripe plantain (RRP), cooked ripe plantain (CRP), green plantain meal (GPM) and ripe plantain meal (RPM) were determined by chemical analysis. 24 large white barrows, weighing initially, between 40-45 kg., were used to study the apparent digestibility of nutrients, digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen retention (ME(n) and total digestible nutrients when the plantains served as the only source of nutrients. In a second experiment ME and ME(n) were measured for the plantain forms using 28 Large White barrows, with diets in which the plantains replaced 50% of maize in a basal diet. All the plantain forms had low fat, crude fibre and crude protein content but high in nitrogen-free extract, phosphorus, potassium and Iron. Identically high dry matter (D.M.) and nitrogen-free extract (N.F.E.) digestion coefficients were obtained for all the plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values. Digestion coefficients for crude protein (46.9, 53.6, 51.8, 34.3,-32.7 %), crude fibre, (46.6, 49.5, 58.7, 62.6, 56.9, 39.6 %), ether extract (55.9, 56.6, 66.9, 69.2, 54.7 and 34.6 %) for RGP, CGP, RRP, CRP, GPM and RPM respectively were considerably lower than for D.M. and N.F.E. The DE, ME ME(n) and TDN values were comparable for all plantain forms except RPM, which had significantly lower values in most cases. The fresh green plantains and green plantain meals had slightly higher energy values than the ripe plantains, even though the nutrients in the ripe plantains were better digested than in the green forms. The results are discussed in relation to variations in the relative proportions of the simple and more complex carbohydrates during ripening.

scholarly journals Effect of binder mineral in batchery waste based feed pellet on its proximate component and energy values

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 107 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Sulistiyanto ◽  
C.S. Utama ◽  
S. Sumarsih
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Availability ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Nitrogen Retention ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Crude Fiber ◽  
Ether Extract ◽  
Mineral Addition ◽  
Apparent Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Egg Shells ◽  
Local Farm

The Experiment was conducted to study effects of binder mineral addition to the hatchery waste based pelletprocessingon its proximate component and energy value. The study may be beneficial to emerge a new feed resource for local farm businesses. The hatchery wastes those comprised of 30% of egg shells, 60% of un-hatched eggs, and 10% of culled DOC were blended, and mixed with 10% of cassava cake meal(W/W), then mixed well with mineral adsorbent (bentonites or zeolites) at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5% (W/W). The mixture was conditioned at 80 ºC for 15 min, and extruded to make a pellet with 6 mm of diameter and 30 mm in length, and dried into warm air flow dryer. The moisture, crude protein (CP), ash, ether extract (EE), crude fiber (CF), apparent metabolizable energy (AME), true metabolizable energy (TME), metabolizability(MET) and nitrogen retention (NR) were observed in each pellet. Result of the experiment showed that moisture of pellet was decreased (P<0.05) by zeolites or bentonites addition. Even though the effect ofbinder mineral addition gave different patterns, concentrations of ash, crude protein, ether extract and crude fiber of pellet product were increased by increasing level of mineral adsorbent (P<0.05). Nutrient availability as was represented by AME, TME, MET, and NR were increased by zeolites and bentonites additions (P<0.05). In conclusion, supplementations of bentonites and zeolites in the hatchery waste based pelletcould improve its proximate component concentration and nutrient availability.

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