PREDICTION OF THE NUTRITIVE VALUE OF ALFALFA (SARANAC), BROMEGRASS (SARATOGA) AND TIMOTHY (CHAMP, CLIMAX, BOUNTY) FED AS HAY TO GROWING SHEEP

Forty-five male sheep (31.6 kg average body weight) were used to determine the nutritive value of three cultivars of timothy, (Champ, Climax and Bounty), one of bromegrass (Saratoga) and one of alfalfa (Saranac) fed as hays. Daily dry matter intake of Bounty (76.7 g/kg0.75 per sheep) was similar to that of alfalfa and bromegrass (76.4 and 73.9 g/kg0.75, respectively) and higher (P < 0.01) that that of Champ and Climax (65.1 and 65.8 g/kg0.75, respectively). Apparent nutrient digestibility values were highest for bromegrass, with the exception of protein, nitrogen-free extract and lignin, which were more digestible for alfalfa than for the grasses. Saratoga bromegrass had the highest TDN values and supported the highest average daily weight gains. Protein digestibility was directly related to the crude protein content of the hays (r = 0.98, P < 0.01). The true digestibility of nitrogen was estimated to be 90.12% with a metabolic nitrogen excretion of 4.46 g of N/kg of dry matter intake. Digestibility of cell contents was also directly related to its percentage in the forages (r = 0.97, P < 0.01). Dry matter digestibility was predicted from cell wall components by a summative equation (r = 0.96, P < 0.01). Voluntary dry matter intake (g/kg0.75) was negatively correlated with "water retention capacity" (r = − 0.99, P < 0.01) and with "packed volume" values of the hays (r = − 0.93, P < 0.05). It is suggested that under certain circumstances, the physical characteristics of hays such as density and water retention capacity are factors that influence voluntary intake.

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ACCEPTABILITY AND UTILIZATION OF GRADED LEVELS OF GMELINA ARBOREA AND CASSAVA PEELS CONCENTRATES IN WEST AFRICAN DWARF SHEEP

JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN AGRICULTURE ◽

10.24297/jaa.v4i2.4272 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 415-422

Author(s):

Amoka Pius ◽

Tawose O M

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Control Diet ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Gmelina Arborea ◽

Leaf Meal ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Inclusion Level ◽

Cassava Peels

The nutritive value ,voluntary dry matter intake, and the nutrient digestibility of graded levels of Gmelina arborea and cassava peels concentrates in WAD sheep was investigated. Twelve WAD sheep aged 1-2 years old and weighting 14.00± 0.45 kg were used in a complete randomized design. Diets were formulated such that cassava peels was replaced with Gmelina arborea leaf meal at 0, 33.33, 66.67, 100% levels, designated as diets A, B, C, and D respectively. Diet without Gmelina arborea leaf meal was tagged the control diet. The concentrate feed was compounded to contain 16% CP. Diets with 33.33% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea had significantly (P<0.05) higher dry matter intake (DMI) 598.80g day-1, while the lowest DMI 425.00g day-1 was obtained in animals fed 100% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Crude protein intake (CPI) of animals fed diets with 33.33% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea were significantly (P<0.05) highest, followed by 66.67% inclusion level and the least was observed in 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. Dry matter digestibility (DMD) was significantly (P<0.05) different across the dietary treatments, animals placed on diets with 33.33% inclusion level had the highest DMD, followed by animals on diets with 66.67, 100 and 0% inclusion levels. CP digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, the lowest CP digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. CF digestibility (P<0.05) increased from 33.33% to 100% inclusion levels of Gmelina arborea leaf meal, while the lowest CF digestibility was observed at 0% inclusion level. N intake increased significantly (P<0.05) with increase in the level of Gmelina arborea inclusion from 33.33% to 100%. N retention was significantly (P<0.05) different, diets with 33.33% Gmelina arborea inclusion had the highest value (64.36g day-1) followed by 66.67%, 100% and the least (52.64g day-1) was at 0% inclusion level of Gmelina arborea. N balance values also followed the same trend. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the inclusion of Gmelina arborea leaf meal in WAD rams diet was well tolerated without adverse effect on acceptability, intake and nutrient digestibility, and inclusion level of 33.33% is hereby recommended in ruminants diet for optimum performance and productivity.

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Self-fed Supplements of Low and Medium Intake for Beef Steers Finished on Pasture

10.21203/rs.3.rs-548103/v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Saimon de Souza Souza ◽

Régis Luis Missio ◽

Wagner Paris ◽

Jefferson Felipe Cavazzana ◽

Marcelo Machado Severo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Average Daily Gain ◽

Latin Square ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Ingestive Behavior ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design

Abstract The obstacles of using supplementation are related to the cost and labor. Self-fed supplements of low and medium intake can be an option to overcome these problems. However, the nutritive value and pasture yield are crucial to finding the right composition and amount of supplement. We evaluated productive responses of steers receiving self-fed supplements of low and medium intake on Aruana grass pasture. The animal performance, ingestive behavior, and pasture characteristics were evaluated in a completely randomized design with three treatments and three replicates. Twenty-four Aberdeen Angus steers were used as the tester animals. The dry matter intake and nutrient digestibility were evaluated in a 3 x 3 double Latin square repeated over time. The treatments consisted of mineral salt (control), supplementation for intake of 1.5 g/kg body weight (low-intake), and supplementation for intake of 4.0 g/kg body weight (medium-intake). The supplements did not influence the pasture characteristics and ingestive behavior, except the number of bites/day that was higher for the low-intake. Dry matter digestibility and forage intake were not affected by the supplementation, but the total dry matter intake increased for the medium-intake. The average daily gain, stocking rate, and fat thickness gain were higher for the medium-intake. The self-fed supplements of medium-intake increase the total dry matter intake, maximizing the performance of steers on Aruana grass.

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USE OF NANOCOMPOSITE HYDROGEL WITH N-UREA IN THE PRODUCTION OF EGGPLANT SEEDLINGS

JOURNAL OF NEOTROPICAL AGRICULTURE ◽

10.32404/rean.v7i4.5472 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 80-85

Author(s):

Josiane Souza Salles ◽

Marçal Henrique Amici Jorge ◽

Edilson Costa ◽

Raphael Augusto de Castro e Melo ◽

Alexandre Henrique Freitas de Lima ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Water Retention ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Nanocomposite Hydrogel ◽

State University ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Mato Grosso ◽

Number Of Leaves ◽

Mato Grosso Do Sul ◽

Dickson Quality Index

The use of quality seedlings of eggplant is directly related to the success of their production, with polymers added to the substrate, which work as water conditioners, increase the water retention capacity, and provide better seedling quality. The study aimed to evaluate the use of nanocomposite hydrogel enriched with different proportions of N-urea in the production of eggplant seedlings. The experiment was conducted at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Cassilândia, MS, Brazil, from June to August 2019, under sombrite® 30%. Five treatments were evaluated, using the commercial substrate, Carolina Soil®: 1) commercial substrate without hydrogel; 2) commercial substrate with 0.075g of pure hydrogel (0.00g of N-urea)/15 mL of a substrate; 3) commercial substrate with 0.075g of hydrogel and 10% N-urea/15 mL of a substrate; 4) commercial substrate with 0.075g of hydrogel and 20% N-urea/15 mL of a substrate, and 5) commercial substrate with 0.075g of hydrogel and 40% N-urea/15 mL of a substrate. The experiment was conducted with four replications of 25 seedlings. The emergence speed index, percentage of emergence, height, number of leaves, stem diameter, shoot dry matter, root dry matter, and total dry matter were evaluated, as well as the Dickson Quality Index. The data were subjected to analysis of variance (SPEEDSTAT statistical software) and grouping test of means. A regression analysis was performed to adjust equations for some of the variables. The best seedlings can be obtained using the dosage of 28.83% N-urea with 0.075g of hydrogel per 15 ml of the substrate, according to the DQI adjustment, which includes several traits of the seedlings, thus reflecting on its quality.

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The effect of wilting berseem and lucerne herbage on voluntary dry-matter intake by buffalo heifers

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600020931 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 74 (1) ◽

pp. 47-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

K. Yoelao ◽

M. G. Jackson ◽

Ishwar Saran

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Matter Content ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Matter Content ◽

Average Loss ◽

Lower Water Content ◽

Practical Implications

SUMMARYTwo changeover experiments, each on eight buffalo heifers, were conducted in two different years to determine the effect of wilting lucerne herbage (Exps. 1 and 2) and berseem herbage (Exp. 2 only) on voluntary dry-matter intake. The dry-matter content of the herbages increased by field wilting from 27 to 50 and from 26 to 44% for lucerne in Exps. 1 and 2 respectively, and from 21 to 31% for berseem. The drymatter intake, nutrient digestibility coefficients, nutritive value index and retention time of undigested residues were determined for each fresh and wilted herbage.Wilting increased the dry-matter intake of lucerne from 2·3 to 2·8 and from 2·1 to 3·5 kg per 100 kg body weight in Exps. 1 and 2 respectively. Berseem dry-matter intake was increased from 2·2 to 3·1 kg per 100 kg body weight. Digestibility coefficients of all nutrients of both herbages increased by 6–20%. Retention times were unaffected by wilting. The nutritive value indices for lucerne and berseem in Exp. 2 increased by 160 and 60% respectively. In Exp. 2, the average loss of herbage dry matter due to wilting was 3·8%. The higher consumption of the wilted herbages is ascribed to their lower water content. The practical implications of these results are discussed.

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CHANGES IN ESTIMATES OF SILAGE DRY MATTER INTAKE OR APPARENT DIGESTIBILITY AS AFFECTED BY METHODS OF DM DETERMINATION

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas74-022 ◽

1974 ◽

Vol 54 (2) ◽

pp. 145-148 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

G. M. JONES ◽

R. E. LARSEN

Keyword(s):

Dry Matter ◽

Freeze Drying ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Apparent Digestibility ◽

Oven Drying

Apparent digestibility coefficients and voluntary dry matter (DM) intakes by sheep fed 11 silages, comprising 3 corn, 4 legume-grass and 4 corn-hay crop silage mixtures, were estimated when silage DM content was determined by (1) toluene distillation (TD), corrected for volatiles lost into the aqueous distillate, (2) uncorrected TD, (3) freeze-drying (FD), (4) oven-drying (OD) at 40 C and (5) OD at 65 C. Highest nutrient digestibility and DM intake (P < 0.05) data were obtained by the method of corrected TD. DM intake and DM digestibility were underestimated by 7.4 and 12.0%, respectively, when oven-drying at 65 C was compared to corrected TD (P < 0.01). Digestibility coefficients and DM intakes were similar between FD and OD at 40 C. These results suggest that in vivo expressions of silage nutritive value should be based upon corrected TD for silage DM content and that biochemical determinations can be conducted on silage that has been oven-dried at 40 C.

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Evaluasi Dedak Padi Kukus dan Suplementasi MHA (Methionine Hidroxy Analog) terhadap Kecernaan Nutrien Ransum Domba Lokal Jantan

Sains Peternakan ◽

10.20961/sainspet.v7i2.1036 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 52

Author(s):

Wara Pratitis Sabar Suprayogi ◽

Susi Widyawati ◽

R. Hidayah

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Rice Bran ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Nutrient Digestibility ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Dry Matter Digestibility ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Organic Matter Digestibility ◽

Male Sheep

The research aimed to know the effect of rice bran steaming and MHA supplementation on the increasing of nutrient digestibility of local male sheep. This research used 12 local male sheeps with average of body weight 10.32 ± 1.02 kg. Treatment of rations were for P0 (60 % king grass + 40 % bran), P1 (60 % king grass +40 % steamed bran), P2 (60 % king grass + 40 % steamed bran + 1 g MHA). Design used in research was Completely Randomized Design (CRD) in one-way pattern using 3 treatments. Each treatment consisted of 4 replications. Parameters observed were dry matter intake, organic matter intake, dry matter nutritive value index and organic matter nutritive value index. The result of treatment P0, P1, and P2 for dry matter intake were 960.024; 909.426; and 926.399 g/head/day respectively, organic matter intake were 825.036; 772.665; and 796.225 g/head/day, organic matter digestibility in percent were 72.424; 73.050; and 73.068, organic matter digestibility in percent were 75.989; 76.306; and 76.239, dry matter nutritive value index were 695.396; 664.392; and 677.654 g/head/day and organic matter nutritive value index were 626.894; 589.985; and 607.649 g/head/day. The variance Analysis showed that the usage of steamed rice bran and adding of MHA given non significantly effect (P>0.5) on dry matter intake, organic matter intake, dry matter digestibility, organic matter digestibility, dry matter nutritive value index, and organic matter nutritive value index. It can be concluded that the treatments did not affect variables that were measured. Keyword : local male sheep, steamed bran, MHA, digestibility

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EFFECT OF ONE CYCLE OF DIVERGENT PHENOTYPIC SELECTION FOR CRUDE PROTEIN, DIGESTIBILITY AND DIGESTIBLE YIELD IN TIMOTHY

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps90-093 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 70 (3) ◽

pp. 757-765 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

J. SURPRENANT ◽

R. MICHAUD ◽

G. ALLARD

Keyword(s):

Significant Variation ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Nutritive Value ◽

Phenotypic Selection ◽

Protein Digestibility ◽

Phleum Pratense ◽

Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽

Dry Matter Intake ◽

Selection For

A major goal in the breeding of timothy (Phleum pratense L.) is to improve its nutritive value. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of one cycle of divergent phenotypic selection for crude protein, digestibility and digestible yield. The progeny of genotypes selected either for high or low crude protein, high or low digestibility, and high or low digestible yield along with a subpopulation representing the unselected original parents were evaluated for dry matter yield and several forage quality characteristics under spaced plant and sward conditions. Under spaced plant conditions significant variation was observed for digestibility (IVDMD), crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). Under sward conditions, significant variation was observed for water retention (WR), ADF and NDF. Under spaced plant conditions, a priori contrasts indicated that one cycle of selection was sufficient to create distinct populations for CP in selecting for CP, for IVDMD and ADF with the IVDMD selection and in 2 out of 3 yr for digestible yield with selection for digestible yield. Evaluation under sward conditions indicated that selection for digestible yield modified CP, WS, ADF, NDF, PV and WR. The results from the evaluation under sward conditions were used to compute different parameters related to potential animal production such as dry matter intake, lactation net energy, energy intake, and different estimates of potential milk production that could be obtained from feeding this hay.Key words: Phleum pratense, timothy, quality, dry matter intake

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Carcass characteristics and meat quality of lambs fed high levels of spineless cactus in the diet

South African Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4314/sajas.v51i4.1 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 51 (4) ◽

pp. 416-425

Author(s):

S.B.L. Bezerra ◽

R.M.L. Véras ◽

A.M.V. Batista ◽

A. Guim ◽

M.V. Maciel ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Meat Quality ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Water Retention ◽

Carcass Characteristics ◽

Water Retention Capacity ◽

Retention Capacity ◽

Quadratic Effect ◽

Quadratic Effects ◽

Intramuscular Fat Content

The objective was to evaluate the effect of increasing the dietary inclusion of spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera Salm Dyck) on the carcass characteristics and meat quality of confined lambs. Thirty-two male Santa Inês lambs with an average age of 140 days and an initial body weight of 20.4 ± 2.60 kg were used in this study. The lambs were housed in individual stalls for 70 days and individually fed a ration with spineless cactus included at 0, 241, 519, or 753 g/kg of dry matter (DM). The lambs were slaughtered, and characteristics of the carcass and meat were recorded and analysed. Inclusion of spineless cactus had a quadratic effect on the bodyweight at slaughter and on the empty bodyweight of the lambs. The inclusion of 500 g/kg of spineless cactus provided the highest predicted cold carcass weight (16.03 kg). There was a quadratic effect of the inclusion of spineless cactus on the weight of meat cuts and leg composition of lambs. The inclusion of spineless cactus did not influence pH, tenderness, and water-retention capacity of the meat. However, the intramuscular fat content increased 1 mg for every 10 g/kg inclusion of spineless cactus in the diet. Quadratic effects were observed of the inclusion of spineless cactus on the weights of the liver, heart, rumen, blood, skin and internal fat of the lambs. Up to 500 g/kg of spineless cactus could be included in the diet of confined lambs.

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