REPRODUCTION OF MICE FED LOW GLUCOSINOLATE RAPESEED MEAL CONTAMINATED WITH SCREENINGS MEALS AND WEED SEED MEALS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (2) ◽  
pp. 607-616 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. ROSE ◽  
J. M. BELL
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Equivalent Number ◽  
Three Samples ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Three samples of defatted fine rapeseed screenings meals and defatted stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense) seed meal were used at 5 and 15% (wt/wt) to contaminate low glucosinolate rapeseed meal (LG-RSM). Defatted lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album) and smartweed (Polygonum spp.) seed meals were also used, at levels of 1.7 and 5% (wt/wt) contamination. The contaminated LG-RSM was included at 15% (wt/wt) in diets fed to female adult mice during a 2-wk preliminary period, pregnancy, lactation and the first 18 days of the second pregnancy. There was a nonsignificant trend (P > 0.05) for the female mice fed stinkweed meal to have the lowest body weight throughout the two pregnancies, although those fed the six contaminants, and the uncontaminated LG-RSM control diet had an equivalent number of offspring born in the two pregnancies and surviving to weaning. Male offspring of mice fed the higher levels of contaminants tended to have a lower (P > 0.05) body weight during the early part of the lactation period. A decreased availability of protein and energy in these diets possibly resulted in decreased milk production. The numbers of blastocysts implanted, embryos resorbed, fetal deaths and malformed fetuses were similar among the dietary treatments. Key words: Rapeseed meal, weed seeds, glucosinolates, mice, reproduction

A COMPARISON OF MCP AND 2,4-D FOR THE CONTROL OF ANNUAL WEEDS IN GRAIN CROPS

1957 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. A. Friesen ◽  
D. R. Walker
Keyword(s):  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Seedling Stage ◽  
Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
2,4 Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

Oats, flax and barley were sprayed with various formulations of MCP (2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid) and 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) at a number of Experimental Farms in Western Canada in 1954 and 1955. Each formulation was applied at 4 and 8 ounces of acid equivalent per acre at each of two dates, viz., Date 1, when the weeds were in the seedling stage less than 3 inches in height; and Date 2, at a stage coinciding with the first appearance of buds on the major weed species.Stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense, L.), wild mustard (Brassica kaber (DC.) L.C. Wheeler var. pinnatifida (Stokes) L.C. Wheeler), lamb's quarters (Chenopodium album L.), Russian pigweed (Axyris amarantoides L.), and ball mustard (Neslia paniculata L.), were effectively controlled by each of the MCP and 2,4-D formulations used. Russian thistle (Salsola kali L.), and red-root pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), were not satisfactorily controlled by MCP, whereas hemp nettle (Galeopsis tetrahit L.) was not controlled by 2,4-D. Wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus L.) was not controlled by any of the treatments. Each treatment was more effective when applied during the seedling stage of the weeds.On the basis of wood control and yield of grain the results of this study favour the use of MCP over 2,4-D with either oats or flax. Oats was significantly more tolerant to MCP, particularly if treated during the early growth stages when weed competition was most critical. With flax, the difference in tolerance was most pronounced in favour of MCP at the later date of treatment. The 2,4-D ester and low volatile ester resulted in a preponderance of plant deformities, lowered the yields of both oats and flax and delayed the maturity of flax significantly. Barley yields in this study were not adversely affected by any of the treatments.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID AND PROXIMATE ANALYSES OF WEED SEEDS

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-249 ◽  
Author(s):  
RUSSELL TKACHUK ◽  
V. JEAN MELLISH
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Acid Protein ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters ◽  
Amino Acid Balance

Weed seeds commonly found in Western Canadian cereals and oil seeds as dockage were examined for their amino acid, protein, oil and fiber contents. The weeds analyzed were Sinapis arvenis L.(wild mustard), Thlaspi arvense L. (stinkweed), Descurainia sophia (L.) Webb (flixweed), Polygonum convolvulus L. (wild buckwheat), Rumex pseudonatronatus L. (field dock), Avena fatua L. (wild oats), Setaria viridis (L.) Beauv. (green foxtail), Iva xanthifolia Nutt. (false ragweed), Chenopodium album L. (lamb’s-quarters), and Amaranthus retroflexus L. (redroot pigweed). Composite analysis showed that some of the weed seeds are high in protein and oil content. Amino acid analysis showed that many weeds have an excellent essential amino acid balance, and also a higher content of essential amino acids than do the commonly grown cereals. These results suggest that some weed seeds could be excellent sources of protein and oil for feed or food purposes.

scholarly journals High Dietary Fat and Selenium Concentrations Exert Tissue- and Glutathione Peroxidase 1–Dependent Impacts on Lipid Metabolism of Young-Adult Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 150 (7) ◽  
pp. 1738-1748
Author(s):  
Zeping Zhao ◽  
Jonggun Kim ◽  
Xin Gen Lei
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Young Adult ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase 1 ◽  
Adult Mice

ABSTRACT Background Excessive dietary selenium (Se; 3 mg/kg) or fat (>25%) intakes and overproduction of glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) adversely affect body lipid metabolism. Objective The objective was to reveal impacts and mechanisms of a moderately high Se and a high fat intake on lipid metabolism in Gpx1 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Methods The KO and WT mice (males, 12-wk-old, body weight = 24.8 ± 0.703 g) were allotted to 4 groups each (n = 5) and fed a sucrose-torula yeast basal diet (5% corn oil) supplemented with 0.3 or 1.0 mg (+Se) Se/kg (as sodium selenite) and 0% or 25% [high-fat (HF)] lard for 6 wk. Multiple physiological and molecular biomarkers (68) related to lipid metabolism and selenogenome expression in plasma, liver, and/or adipose tissue were analyzed by 2-way (+Se by HF) ANOVA. Results Compared with the control diet, the +Se diet decreased (P < 0.05) body-weight gain and plasma and liver concentrations of lipids (22–66%) but elevated (≤1.5-fold, P < 0.05) adipose tissue concentrations of lipids in the WT mice. The +Se diet up- and downregulated (P < 0.05) mRNA and/or protein concentrations of factors related to lipogenesis, selenogenome, and transcription, stress, and cell cycle in the liver (26% to 176-fold) and adipose tissues (14% to 1-fold), respectively, compared with the control diet in the WT mice. Many of these +Se diet effects were different (P < 0.05) from those of the HF diet and were eliminated or altered (P < 0.05) by the KO. Conclusions The +Se and HF diets exerted tissue-specific and GPX1 expression–dependent impacts on lipid metabolism and related gene expression in the young-adult mice. Our findings will help reveal metabolic potential and underlying mechanisms of supplementing moderately high Se to subjects with HF intakes.

GRAIN SCREENINGS AS A DIETARY COMPONENT FOR PIGS AND SHEEP. I. BOTANICAL AND CHEMICAL COMPOSITION

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. M. BEAMES ◽  
R. M. TAIT ◽  
J. LITSKY
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Mixed Feed ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grain Elevators ◽  
Triticum Vulgare ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

Screenings were collected from grain elevators in the port of Vancouver and from a rapeseed processing plant in Alberta. From a total of 251 samples consisting of No. 1 feed screenings, uncleaned screenings, refuse screenings, rapeseed screenings and mixed feed oats, samples which appeared to be representative of the range were selected — 36 for botanical analysis and 94 for chemical analysis. The No. 1 feed screenings consisted of over 90% wheat (Triticum vulgare) and wild buckwheat (Polygonum convolvulus), with a mean protein content of 14.8%. The composition of uncleaned screenings was highly variable, but approximated poorly cleaned No. 1 screenings. Refuse screenings could be divided botanically only into chaff, dust, grain and weed seeds, with an average total chaff plus dust content of 70%. Mean levels of crude protein and acid detergent fiber were 11.7% and 33.0%, respectively. Rapeseed screenings contained an average of 15.6% rapeseed, with the remainder mostly weed seeds, the major ones being stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense; mean 19%) and lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album; mean 18%). Average content of crude protein, acid detergent fiber and ether extract was 19.6, 28.0 and 22.5%, respectively. Mixed feed oats were essentially wild oats (Avena fatua). Average levels of crude protein and acid detergent fiber were 13.4 and 22.5%, respectively. Key words: Grain, wheat, barley, oats, rapeseed, screenings

PSII-19 Effect of a Sensory Additive on Sow Feed Intake During Lactation

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 160-161
Author(s):  
Tsung Cheng Cheng Tsai ◽  
Nathan Davis ◽  
Benjamin Bass ◽  
Gemma Tedo ◽  
Sofia Morais ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Lactation Period ◽  
Thickness Change ◽  
Performance Loss ◽  
Litter Weight ◽  
Ad Libitum

Abstract Sow feed intake during lactation is crucial to the maintenance of sow body condition, milk production, and litter performance. Loss of body weight or condition during this time could compromise future reproductive performance. Two groups (n = 52 total) of breeding age gilts and sows were used to evaluate whether a sensory additive would improve intake during the lactation period. Gilts/Sows were weighed, and back fat depth was measured, at 110 d of gestation prior to entering the lactation room, and again at weaning. The sows were sorted by parity and then allotted by BW at d 110 to Control or 0.075% sensory additive (Luctamax® SowVive, Lucta S.A., Barcelona, Spain). Experimental lactation diets were offered upon entry to the lactation room and fed through weaning. During this time feed was weighed back every three days. Gilts/sows were fed 2.72 kg/head/day until farrowing, and sows were placed on full feed 24 hours post-farrowing and allowed to eat ad libitum. Data was analyzed using the PROC MIXED of SAS as an RCBD with treatment as the fixed effect and group as a random effect. During lactation sows on the sensory additive diet showed an increase in intake during days 10 to 21 when compared to sows on the control diet (Table 1). Although it was not significantly different, sows fed sensory additive had numerically heavier weaning BW (239.4 vs 236.2 kg, P = 0.42) and increased litter weight gain (51.96 vs 48.69 kg, P = 0.24) compared to control fed sows. However, backfat thickness change during lactation did not differ between control and sensory additive fed sows (-4.74 vs -5.81 mm, P = 0.65). In conclusion, in the current study lactation diets supplemented with a sensory additive stimulated sow appetite during the lactation period.

Altai wild ryegrass yield response to herbicides applied during establishment

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 115-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Malik
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Yield Response ◽  
Sulfonylurea Herbicides ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Weed Infestation ◽  
Lamb’S Quarters

The effects on productivity of Altai wild ryegrass (Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger) of 14 herbicide treatments applied during establishment were investigated in two field experiments at Melfort, Saskatchewan. Weed control achieved with metsulfuron, chlorsulfuron, thifensulfuron and tank-mixed applications of bromoxynil with diclofop or fenoxaprop during the establishment year ensured satisfactory forage establishment which in turn caused a "residual effect" for 1–3 yr increasing individual cut as well as cummulative forage dry matter yields significantly. When established with a heavy broadleaf weed infestation (138 m−2) dominated by stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense L.) in 1985, bromoxynil plus diclofop increased yield 359% over a 3-yr period. Sulfonylurea herbicides increased yield 221–346%. Bentazon and MCPA/mecoprop/dicamba increased yields 85%. With a moderate weed infestation (40 m−2) dominated by lamb's-quarters (Chenopodium album L.) in 1986, sulfonylurea herbicides and bromoxynil plus the graminicides increased cummulative yields only 37–59%. Sethoxydim and fenoxaprop, tested alone, caused significant crop injury in both experiments. Key words: Altai wild ryegrass, Leymus angustus (Trin.) Pilger, herbicide, weed control, forage yield

RAPESEED DOCKAGE. EFFECTS OF FEEDING RAW AND PROCESSED WILD MUSTARD AND STINKWEED SEED ON GROWTH AND FEED UTILIZATION OF MICE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 275-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. SHIRES ◽  
J. M. BELL ◽  
M. O. KEITH ◽  
D. I. McGREGOR
Keyword(s):  
Factorial Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Rapeseed Meal ◽  
Feed Utilization ◽  
Seed Meal ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Thlaspi Arvense ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Mustard Meal

Wild mustard seed (Brassica kaber), stinkweed (Thlaspi arvense) and rapeseed (B. napus 'Tower') were fed in diets for growing mice as ground raw seed and as cooked, petroleum ether-extracted meals. In exp. 1, wild mustard seed at 0, 2 or 4% and stinkweed seed at 0, 1 or 2% were substituted for part of the rapeseed in a 3 × 3 factorial design. The control diet contained 20% rapeseed and casein was used to equalize protein levels at 16%. Growth and feed utilization were not affected (P > 0.05). The failure of diets (exp. 1) with 14 – 20% rapeseed and up to 6% weed seeds and containing active myrosinase to depress growth more markedly, is attributed to the relatively low total glucosinolate levels in the diets. In exp. 2, the meals from wild mustard, stinkweed and rapeseed were compared with soybean meal in diets in which each meal provided 3, 6 or 9% protein, with casein used to bring dietary protein to 16%, in a 3 × 4 factorial design. Weed seed meals resulted in lower feed intakes (P < 0.05), with wild mustard meal being the lowest. Increasing levels of wild mustard seed meal and stinkweed seed meal reduced growth rates (P < 0.05), but it is concluded that such meals as contaminants of normally processed commercial rapeseed meal can be fed at relatively high levels in myrosinase-free diets without risk associated with glucosinolates. Key words: Rapeseed dockage, mustard, stinkweed, growth, mice

scholarly journals Fishmeal Replacement with Hermetia illucens Meal in Aquafeeds: Effects on Zebrafish Growth Performances, Intestinal Morphometry, and Enzymology

Fishes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Baldassare Fronte ◽  
Rosario Licitra ◽  
Carlo Bibbiani ◽  
Lucia Casini ◽  
Mahanama De Zoysa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Replacement Rate ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fishmeal Replacement ◽  
Fish Intestine ◽  
Growth Performances ◽  
Intestinal Morphometry

Fishmeal (FM) is still the most important protein source in aquafeeds. However, due to the reduction of wild fish stocks used for FM production, its manufacturing it is now unsustainable. Insect meal represents a valid alternative to FM, due to the low carbon footprint of its production and its high nutritional value. The aim of this study was to investigate the potentials of replacing FM with black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) meal (HIM) in aquafeeds, using zebrafish as the animal model. Four diets were formulated with increasing HIM/FM replacement rate (the control diet contained 20% FM). Mortality rates, growth performances, and feed consumptions were measured, and fish intestine samples were collected for histological and enzymatic analysis. After 49 days, all groups almost tripled their initial body weight (cumulative body weight gain ranged between 143.9 and 155.2 mg), and no statistically significant differences among treatments were observed in relation to growth performances and histological traits. Contrarily, trypsin, alkaline phosphatases, and alpha amylase–glucoamylase activities were significantly reduced when the FM replacement rate was increased. In conclusion, HIM may represent an alternative to FM, since no adverse effects were observed when it was included up to 20% in the zebrafish diet, even when replacing 100% of the FM.

scholarly journals 269 Effects of high phytase supplementation in lactation diets on sow and litter performance

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 101-102
Author(s):  
Kelsey L Batson ◽  
Hilda I Calderon Cartagena ◽  
Robert D Goodband ◽  
Jason C Woodworth ◽  
Mike D Tokach ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Body Weight Change ◽  
Weaning Weight ◽  
Commercial Trial ◽  
Quadratic Response ◽  
Dietary Treatments

Abstract A total of 109 sows (Line 241; DNA, Columbus, NE) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of increasing phytase concentration in lactation diets on sow and litter performance. On d 107 of gestation, sows were blocked by body weight and parity and allotted to 1 of 3 dietary treatments of increasing phytase concentration (0, 1,000, or 3,000 FYT/kg; Ronozyme HiPhos 2700; DSM Nutritional Products, Inc., Parsippany, NJ). The control diet contained no phytase and was formulated to contain 0.50% standardized total tract digestible phosphorus (STTD P; 0.45% available P) and 0.62% STTD calcium (0.90% total Ca). The same STTD P and Ca concentrations were formulated for the phytase diets considering a release of 0.132 STTD P and 0.094 STTD Ca in both diets. Diets were fed from d 107 of gestation until weaning (d 18 ± 2). Litters were cross-fostered within treatment until 48 h post-farrowing to equalize litter size. Linear and quadratic response to phytase concentration was evaluated using the lmer function in R. There was no evidence for difference in sow body weight change, farrowing performance, wean-to-estrus interval, or litter size among dietary treatments. Sow average daily feed intake from farrowing to weaning tended to increase (linear, P=0.093) as phytase increased. Although not significant (linear, P =0.226), farrowing duration decreased as phytase increased. Litter weaning weight increased (quadratic, P=0.039) and overall litter gain increased (quadratic, P=0.047) with 1,000 FYT of phytase. In summary, sow feed intake tended to increase linearly with increasing phytase; however, feeding 1,000 FYT/kg maximized overall litter gain and weaning weight. This small-scale study suggests sow and litter performance benefits due to high inclusions of dietary phytase; however, a commercial trial with more sows is warranted to confirm these results.

scholarly journals Effect of dietary supplementation of seaweed (Ulva lactuca) and Azolla on growth performance, haematological and serum biochemical parameters of Aseel chicken

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vijayalingam Thavasi Alagan ◽  
Rajesh Nakulan Vatsala ◽  
Ilavarasan Sagadevan ◽  
Vairamuthu Subbiah ◽  
Venkataramanan Ragothaman
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Ulva Lactuca ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Background An effort was made to assess the effectiveness of dietary supplementation of Ulva lactuca (U. lactuca), a seaweed and Azolla individually and in combination on different physiological parameters of Aseel chicken. A total of 40 Aseel chicks of 8 weeks old were allocated into four groups, C1 (control), T1 (Azolla alone), T2 (seaweed alone) and T3 (seaweed plus Azolla). Aseel chicks in C1 were fed with formulated grower feed alone, birds in T1 had control diet with 5% Azolla, birds in T2 had control diet with 3% U. lactuca and birds in T3 had control diet admixtured with 5% of Azolla and 3% of U. lactuca. Parameters were recorded for a continuous period of 2 months in 15 days interval. Results The growth performance was found to be significant (P ≤ 0.05) during 30 days of feed trials and highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during 45 and 60 days of treatment. Birds in T3 had a higher body weight gain, shank length and feed conversion efficiency followed with T1 and T2 compared to C1. PCV, RBC, WBC and heterophil counts were not influenced (P ≥ 0.05) by dietary treatments. Uric acid, creatinine, AST, glucose, triglycerides and magnesium levels revealed a high significant (P ≤ 0.01) variation, and cholesterol level showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) changes during 30th and 60th day of feed trials between the control and treatment groups. Total protein, globulin, phosphorus and electrolytes like Na, K and Cl levels were not significant (P ≥ 0.05) during 30th day and were highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) during the 60th day of the trial. Conclusions It could be noted that inclusion of U. lactuca and Azolla as feed supplement in grower chicken had a better body weight gain when given in combination (U. lactuca and Azolla) rather than supplemented with the sole entity. Based on the haematological and serum biochemical analysis, the supplementation of U. lactuca and Azolla at the levels included in this trial did not pose any threat to the physiological well-being of Aseel chicken.

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