SERUM PROGESTERONE AND INITIATION OF OVARIAN ACTIVITY IN PREPUBERAL HEIFERS TREATED WITH PROGESTERONE

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (3) ◽  
pp. 759-766 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. RAJAMAHENDRAN ◽  
P. C. LAGUË ◽  
R. D. BAKER
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Rubber Tubing ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Single Implant ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

The influence of progesterone on the initiation of ovarian activity in 32 prepuberal Holstein heifers (250 kg) was studied by inserting subcutaneous single or double Silastic implants (60-cm2 silicone rubber tubing containing 1 g progesterone or 120-cm2 tubing with 2 g progesterone) or Silastic intravaginal devices (SID) (120-cm2 tubing with 2 g progesterone) or a progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (PRID) (210-cm2 coil with 2 g progesterone). Blood samples were collected every 6 h on days −1, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 after insertion. Serum progesterone, quantitated by radioimmunoassay, varied with treatment (P < 0.01), with the day following treatment (P < 0.01) and with the time of day (P < 0.01). The highest concentrations (mean ±SE 2.1 ± 0.06 ng/mL) appeared at 0600 h and the lowest (mean ± SE 1.7 ± 0.08 ng/mL) at 1800 h. Serum progesterone was consistently greater (P < 0.01) in the PRID group. Location (subcutaneous vs. intravaginal) of the 120-cm2 tubing, i.e. double implant or SID, had no influence per se on serum progesterone. Heifers treated with the 60-cm2 tubing, i.e. single implant, had lower (P < 0.01) serum progesterone concentrations than heifers in the other three treatment groups. When the implants and devices were removed on day 20, two females in each of the four treatments received either saline, 5 mg estradiol-17β (E2), 500 IU PMSG, or 100 g GnRH. None of the heifers treated with the single implant ovulated. Of the saline-, E2-, PMSG- and GnRH-treated heifers, 0, 5, 6 and 2 showed estrus and 0, 2, 6 and 2 ovulated, respectively. PMSG-treated females had a mean of 2.5 ovulations. This study further demonstrates that adequate progesterone priming increases the response of prepuberal heifers to an ovulatory hormone stimulation. Key words: Progesterone, ovarian activity, prepuberal heifers, hormonal stimulation, silastic implants

Abnormal patterns of ovarian activity in dairy cows and their relationships with reproductive performance

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Claire Bulman ◽  
P. D. P. Wood
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Ovarian Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Intravaginal Device ◽  
Ovarian Cycles

ABSTRACTProgesterone profiles were obtained from 533 dairy cows during the interval from calving to the re-establishment of pregnancy by twiceweekly radioimmunoassay of milk progesterone. The importance of abnormal patterns of ovarian activity on herd fertility was determined. Animals were divided into five categories based on profile analysis: A, normal; B, delayed start to ovarian cycles; C, cessation of cycles; D, prolonged luteal activity; and E, silent oestrus. Animals in categories B to E were subdivided into treatment groups: categories B and C either (i) untreated controls, (ii) single injection 0·5 mg luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (Hoechst) or (iii) progesterone-releasing intravaginal device (Abbott Laboratories Ltd) inserted for 14 days; categories D and E either (i) untreated controls or (ii) single injection 0-5 mg cloprostenol (Imperial Chemical Industries).The proportion of cows in each category was: A 77·5%; B 4·9%; C 5·1%; D 1·9%; and E 10·7%. The incidence of ‘normal’ cows was 75% (first lactation), 80% (2nd to 5th lactations) and 69% (5th to 11th lactations). For normal cows (no. = 413) the interval to the start of cyclicity varied significantly with season but was not correlated with either the intervals to first insemination or to conception. In categories B to E the open period, the number of services per conception, and the days from first insemination to conception were greater than in category A, but only in category C were any differences significant. None of the treatments reduced calving-toconception intervals.

Serum Progesterone, Oestradiol-17β, FSH and LH levels in Anestrus Surti buffaloes treated with Ovsynch alone and in combination with PRID

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
H. R. Savani ◽  
C. T. Khasatiya ◽  
Swati Saxena ◽  
S. B. Patel ◽  
V. K. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Fixed Time ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Serum Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
And Control ◽  
Intravaginal Device

This study was carried out on 18 postpartum anestrus Surti buffaloes, divided into three equal groups (6 in each) to evaluate the serum progesterone, oestradiol-17β, FSH and LH concentrations (by ELISA) before, during and after Ovsynch and Ovsynch + PRID protocols. Six anestrus buffaloes each were treated with standard Ovsynch protocol (T1) and Ovsynch along with PRID (Progesterone releasing intravaginal device) protocol (T2) with fixed-time AI (FTAI). Six anestrus buffaloes were kept as untreated control (T3). Blood samples were obtained from the animals on day 0 (before treatment), day 4 (during treatment), day 8 (after PGF2α injection), day of induced estrus/FTAI and day 18 post-AI (after treatment). The mean serum progesterone level on day 4 was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in the T2 group as compared to T1 and T3 groups, while the level on day 8 was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher in both the treatment groups (T1 and T2) as compared to control group, however there was no significant difference (p>0.05) on the day of estrus between three groups. The mean serum oestradiol-17β and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) levels on 8th day were significantly higher (p less than 0.01) in both the treatment groups (T1 and T2) as compared to control group (T3). However, there was no significant difference on day 0, 4, day of estrus and day 18 post-AI between groups. The mean serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels of acyclic buffaloes were not found significantly different (p>0.05) among days in any of the treatment and control groups. But the mean LH concentration on the day of estrus in the T1, T2 and T3 was significantly higher (p less than 0.01) and thereafter decreased markedly on 18th day post-AI in all the groups. The conception rates at FTAI/first estrus in three groups were 66.66%, 50.00% and 75.00%, respectively.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
A K Paul ◽  
S M T Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

Hormonal stimulation and some risk factors studied to improve bovine pregnancy rate at the Coastal areas of Barisal district of Bangladesh

2018 ◽  
Vol 52 (1-4) ◽  
pp. 22-30
Author(s):  
A K Paul ◽  
S M T Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Coastal Region ◽  
Hormonal Treatment ◽  
Coastal Areas ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Hormonal Stimulation ◽  
Crossbred Cows ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
History Of ◽  
Group A

Hormonal treatment of cows at the coastal region of Barisal district of Bangladesh was performed to assess the improvement of pregnancy rate. A total of 100 cows and heifers with irregular history of cyclicity were selected randomly and divided into five treatment groups. The groups were A (treated with anthelmintic), B (treated with anthelmintic, vitamin ADE and multivitamin powder), C (treated with PGF2α), D (treated with GnRH) and E (treated with GnRH and PGF2α). Each group comprised of 20 animals. The age, breed and parity of experimental cows were considered during treatment. In the study, the cows treated with both GnRH and PGF2α (group E) showed significantly (p<0.05) higher estrus (80%) and pregnancy rate (60%) than that of group A, B, C and D. The overall estrus rates of local and crossbred cows were 64% and 70%, respectively and the pregnancy rates were 40 and 52%, respectively. The crossbred cows responded significantly (p<0.05) to hormonal treatment than that of local cows. Parity-2 cows showed higher estrus sign than that of other parities. However, the pregnancy rates were higher significantly (p<0.05) in parity-2 and parity ≥4 cows than that of parity-0, parity-1 and parity-3 cows. The pregnancy rate was also found higher in case of 4 to <5 years old cows than that of 2 to <3, 3 to <4, 5 to <6, and ≥6 years old. It may conclude that the hormonal regimen increases the pregnancy rate as well as decreases the undesired waiting of estrus and conception. Further study with more sample size will reveal the more effective treatment for cows at the coastal areas of Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Effects of decreased estradiol-17β on the serum and anterior pituitary IGF-I system in pigs

2005 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-378 ◽  
Author(s):  
C K Hilleson-Gayne ◽  
J A Clapper
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Pituitary ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Igf System ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

To further delineate the role of estradiol in the IGF system an experiment was conducted to determine the dosage of the aromatase inhibitor, anastrozole, needed to decreases serum concentrations of estradiol-17β (E2) in maturing boars. A second experiment was conducted to determine if administration of anastrozole to growing boars decreased serum concentrations of E2 and affected components of the serum and anterior pituitary gland (AP) IGF system vs untreated boars and barrows. In Experiment 1, 12 crossbred boars (292 days, 158 kg) were administered either 0, 1 or 10 mg/day anastrozole (n=4/group) beginning on day 1. Blood samples were collected every 7–14 days. Mean serum concentrations of E2 were decreased (P < 0·05) in the 10 mg group vs the 0 and 1 mg groups by day 36; however, no difference (P > 0·05) existed between the 0 and 1 mg groups. In Experiment 2, 24 crossbred boars and 12 barrows (101 days, 44 kg) were stratified by litter to one of three treatment groups (n=12): boars administered 10 mg/day anastrozole, boars administered 0 mg/day, and barrows administered 0 mg/day. Blood samples were collected and pigs were weighed on day 0 and every 14 days thereafter, then killed on day 84 when blood and APs were collected. The 10 mg/day pigs were fed the anastrozole-amended diet beginning on day 1. Mean serum concentrations of E2 did not differ (P > 0·05) between the 10 mg/day pigs and 0 mg/day pigs on day 0; however, on day 15 through to 84 mean serum concentrations of E2 were greater (P < 0·05) in 0 mg/day pigs than in the 10 mg/day pigs. Mean percentage increase in serum concentrations of IGF-I was greater (P < 0·05) in untreated boars than anastrozole-treated boars and barrows from day 58 through to 84. Mean percentage of basal IGF-I increased (P < 0·05) from day 29 through to 84 in untreated boars. Mean relative amounts of AP IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 and -5 were less (P < 0·01) in 10 mg/day pigs than in the 0 mg/day pigs, but each was greater (P < 0·01) than in barrows administered 0 mg/day. These results indicate anastrozole administered at a dosage of 10 mg/day suppresses serum concentrations of E2 in pigs. Administration of anastrozole to boars reduced the percentage increase in serum concentrations of IGF-I and relative amounts of AP IGFBP-2 and -5. These data further support a role for E2 in regulating components of the IGF system in pigs.

Endometrial phosphatases, β-glucuronidase and cathepsin D during menstrual cycle and pre-implantation stages of gestation in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta)

1988 ◽  
Vol 118 (1) ◽  
pp. 142-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jayasree Sengupta ◽  
Deepa Talwar ◽  
B. C. Paria ◽  
D. Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Menstrual Cycle ◽  
Rhesus Monkey ◽  
Cathepsin D ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatases ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Ovulatory Period ◽  
Estradiol 17Β

Abstract. β-glucuronidase, cathepsin D, acid and alkaline phosphatases were studied in rhesus monkey endometrium during the menstrual cycle (day –6 to day + 10) and pre-implantation stages (day +3 to day +6) of gestation, with day 0 considered as the day of ovulation. Acid hydrolases exhibited low levels in proliferative phase endometria followed by their gradual rise in the secretory phase of the menstrual cycle. Despite no shifts in the levels of serum progesterone and estradiol-17β, the pre-implantation period was, however, associated with distinct changes in enzyme profiles characterized by lower absolute levels (P < 0.05) of acid phosphatase and β-glucuronidase on days 3 to 6 of gestation, whereas cathepsin D activity declined significantly (P < 0.05) on days 5 and 6. Alkaline phosphatase showed a characteristic rise during the pre-ovulatory period with a gradual lowering of its level in post-ovulatory phase endometria of a non-fertile cycle; in contrast, during early gestation, alkaline phosphatase activity showed a marked elevation (P < 0.05) on days 5 and 6 of gestation. The significance of these findings is discussed.

100 EMBRYO SURVIVAL AND CONCEPTUS ELONGATION FOLLOWING ASYNCHRONOUS EMBRYO TRANSFER IN CATTLE

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 143
Author(s):  
F. Randi ◽  
B. Fernandez ◽  
M. McDonald ◽  
C. Johnson ◽  
N. Forde ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Embryo Survival ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Length Data ◽  
Uterine Environment ◽  
To Receive ◽  
Intravaginal Device

Maternal progesterone (P4) regulates early conceptus growth and development in ruminants. Early embryo transfer studies in sheep and cattle demonstrated a need for close synchrony between the embryo and the uterine environment of the recipient. However, manipulating P4 may be one way of strategically regulating the temporal changes that normally occur in the uterine environment in order to allow flexibility in the timing of embryo transfer. For example, previous studies have demonstrated that P4 administration during the first few days of the oestrous cycle facilitates pregnancy establishment with older embryos. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of embryo-uterine synchrony on conceptus elongation in cattle. Oestrous cycles of crossbred beef heifers were synchronised using an 8-day P4-Releasing Intravaginal Device (PRID Delta®, CEVA, Mountain View, CA, USA) with administration of a prostaglandin F2α analogue (Enzaprost®, CEVA; 5 mL equivalent to 25 mg of dinoprost) given on the day before PRID removal. Heifers were checked for signs of oestrus 4 times per day commencing 30 h after PRID withdrawal. Only those seen in standing oestrus (n = 50) were randomly assigned to 1 of 5 treatment groups to receive Day 7 in vitro-produced blastocysts (n = 10 per recipient) (1) on Day 5 post-oestrus; (2) on Day 5, with P4 supplementation via PRID from Day 3 to 5 + 750 IU of eCG at PRID insertion; (3) on Day 5, PRID Delta from Day 3 to 5 plus 3000 IU of hCG at PRID insertion; (4) on Day 7, or (5) on Day 9. At embryo age Day 14, all heifers were slaughtered and the uterus was flushed to recover and measure conceptuses. Data are summarised in Table 1. Fewer recipients yielded conceptuses (P < 0.05) and fewer conceptuses overall were recovered (P < 0.05) following transfer on Day 5 compared with Day 7 or Day 9. Supplementation with P4 resulted in short cycles (evidenced by corpus luteum regression and/or a recent ovulation at slaughter) in 33.3 to 54.5% of recipients receiving embryos on Day 5. Mean conceptus length was greater (P < 0.05) following transfer to an advanced uterus. In conclusion, transfer of embryos to a retarded (Day 5) uterine environment results in poor embryo survival. Supplementation with P4 shortened the interoestrous period in a significant number of heifers. Transfer to an advanced uterine environment promotes conceptus elongation, presumably driven by P4. Table 1.Embryo survival and conceptus length data

14 CONCEPTION RATE OF BUFFALO HEIFERS TREATED WITH OESTRADIOL CYPIONATE TO INDUCE OVULATION IN TIMED ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION PROGRAMS

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 121
Author(s):  
D. G. Souza ◽  
A. Martins ◽  
E. Oba ◽  
A. S. Camargos ◽  
E. P. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Insemination ◽  
Bubalus Bubalis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
San Jose ◽  
Animal Science ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Chi Squared ◽  
Timed Artificial Insemination ◽  
Animal Handling ◽  
Intravaginal Device

Reducing animal handling and costs in timed artificial insemination (TAI) systems are of great interest in animal production, regardless of the species. Thus, this study was carried out to investigate the effects of administering oestradiol cypionate (EC) or hCG to induce ovulation in buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) in TAI programs. The 79 Bufalipso heifers housed at Institute of Animal Science, San José de las Lajas, Cuba, were, on average, 24 months of age with a body weight of 310 to 380 kg at the beginning of the experiment. The investigation was conducted out of the breeding season (25 June through 28 July 2012). Heifers were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatment groups; either hCG (control group) or EC1 and EC2, in which TAI was performed at either 48 or 56 h after the EC injection, respectively. On the first day of the treatment regime (Day 0), animals received oestradiol benzoate (2 mg i.m.; Sincrodiol®, Ourofino, Brazil), followed by the insertion of an intravaginal device containing 1 g of progesterone (Primer®, Tecnopec, São Paolo, Brazil). On Day 9, an intramuscular luteolytic dose of cloprostenol (500 μg; Ciosin®, Intervet, Brazil) and eCG (500 UI; Novormon®, Intervet) were given in all heifers along with the removal of the intravaginal device. On the same day, 0.5 mg of EC (ECP®, Pfizer, Brazil) was administered intramuscularly in the EC1and EC2 groups. Animals in the hCG group received hCG (1000 IU i.m.; Vetecor®, Hertape Calier, Spain) on Day 11 and were inseminated 14 h later. Pregnancy diagnosis was performed by ultrasound 35 days after TAI. Data were analysed by a chi-squared test, with P < 0.05 taken as significant. There were no differences among treatment groups, with values of 57.7 (15/26), 60.7 (17/28), and 64% (16/25) for the EC1, EC2, and hCG groups, respectively. In conclusion, oestradiol cypionate was effective at inducing ovulation in buffalo heifers in TAI programs comparable to the control group, as evidenced by the conception rates. In addition, animals subjected to the EC protocol pass just 3 times through the corral instead of 4 when receiving hCG, which decreases the animal handling and costs.

80 RECIPIENT SERUM PROGESTERONE CONCENTRATION AND EARLY CONCEPTUS DEVELOPMENT IN BOVINE EMBRYOS PRODUCED IN VIVO OR IN VITRO

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 152
Author(s):  
C. V. Barnwell ◽  
C. S. Whisnant ◽  
C. E. Farin ◽  
J. E. Alexander ◽  
P. W. Farin
Keyword(s):  
State University ◽  
Progesterone Concentration ◽  
Serum Progesterone ◽  
Exact Test ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Conceptus Development ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
The Relationship

The majority of pregnancy loss in cattle occurs during the first 2 to 3 weeks of pregnancy. This loss can be studied by the transfer of in vivo- and in vitro-produced embryos. The objective of this study was to examine the relationship between recipient serum progesterone levels both at the time of embryo transfer and at conceptus recovery on conceptus development from in vivo- or in vitro-produced embryos. Embryos were produced in vivo by superovulation of Holstein cows (IVO; n = 17) or in vitro with either serum-containing (IVPS; n = 27) or serum-restricted medium (IVPSR; n = 34). Single grade-1 blastocysts from each embryo production system were transferred into heifers at Day 7. Conceptuses were recovered at Day 17 of gestation (number recovered/number transferred: IVO, 11/17; IVPS, 16/27; IVPSR, 18/34) and classified as complete, degenerated, or no conceptus. Recipient serum progesterone concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay and compared with conceptus development outcomes. Sex of conceptus was determined by PCR using a Y-chromosome specific probe. Data were analysed using Fisher's exact test or ANOVA and Duncan's multiple range test. Compared with the IVO group, in vitro-produced embryos had more (P = 0.055) degenerated conceptuses (IVO, 0%; IVPS, 18.5%; IVPSR, 20.6%). There were no differences (P > 0.05) in serum progesterone concentrations in recipients assigned to different treatments at Day 7. There was also no effect (P > 0.05) of treatment on progesterone levels in recipients with either male or female conceptuses at the time of transfer. Interestingly, heifers in the in vitro treatment groups had lower (P < 0.01) progesterone concentrations at Day 7 when no conceptus was recovered at Day 17 (IVPS, 2.1 ± 0.4 ng mL–1; IVPSR, 2.7 ± 0.4 ng mL–1; Least squares means ± standard error of the mean) compared with the IVO group (4.5 ± 0.6 ng mL–1). There was no difference in progesterone concentration between treatment groups for heifers with shorter conceptuses (≤194 mm). However, when longer (>194 mm) conceptuses were recovered, heifers with in vitro produced embryos had lower (P < 0.05) progesterone levels at Day 7 compared with those with in vivo produced embryos (IVPS, 2.2 ± 0.6 ng mL–1; IVPSR, 2.3 ± 0.5 ng mL–1; IVO, 3.9 ± 0.6 ng mL–1). In summary, serum progesterone concentrations in recipients at the time of transfer of in vivo- or in vitro-produced embryos were associated with conceptus development at Day 17 of gestation. Research supported by NC State University GAANN Biotechnology Fellowship (C. V. Barnwell) and the College of Veterinary Medicine.

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