scholarly journals FEEDLOT PERFORMANCE, CARCASS COMPOSITION AND EFFICIENCY OF MUSCLE GAIN IN BULLS AND STEERS OF DIFFERENT MATURE SIZE SLAUGHTERED AT SIMILAR LEVELS OF FATNESS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 621-630 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. D. M. JONES ◽  
T. D. BURGESS ◽  
J. W. WILTON ◽  
C. H. WATSON
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Small Animals ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Mature Size

Feedlot performance, carcass composition and efficiency of muscle gain were compared in 33 young beef bulls and 33 beef steers of different mature body size (35 small or mainly British breed crosses; 31 large or Continental crosses). All cattle were fed a high-energy diet based on corn silage and high-moisture corn from weaning to slaughter. Slaughter was carried out once 6 mm of fat was attained over the 11/12th ribs determined ultrasonically. Large crossbred animals had higher average daily gains, greater slaughter weights and spent longer time on feed than small crossbred animals and bulls. Similar results were found for all bulls compared to all steers. Feed conversion rate expressed on a live weight basis was superior for small crossbreds compared to large crossbreds, but there were no corresponding differences between bulls and steers. At the same proportion of dissected carcass subcutaneous fat, carcasses from large crossbreds and all bulls had greater proportions of muscle, less bone and similar proportions of total fat than small crossbreds and all steers. There were generally no differences for gender and size in the distribution of muscle within each of the wholesale cuts except in the case of the chuck, where bull carcasses had a greater proportion of muscle compared to those from steers. Bone distribution, however, did vary significantly across several wholesale cuts with carcasses from large animals and bulls having lower proportions of bone than those from small animals and steers. Feed conversion rate (g muscle/kg DM) was superior for bulls compared to steers (63 and 56 g muscle/kg DM, respectively), but similar for large and small animals (60 and 59 g muscle/kg DM, respectively). The present data suggest that the evaluation of beef cattle for feed efficiency on a liveweight and muscle basis may yield different conclusions. There were no significant size × castration interactions for any of the growth, efficiency and carcass variables examined. Key words: Beef, mature size, castration, carcass composition, efficiency

scholarly journals Research on the Influence of the Light and Sexing on Growth Performance and Slaughter Results at Young Quails from Mixed Baloteşti Population of Eggs-Meat

2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (1) ◽  
pp. 15
Author(s):  
Lucian IONITA ◽  
Elena POPESCU-MICLOSANU ◽  
George NICA ◽  
Cornel Octavian PANA
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
Average Weight Gain ◽  
Experimental Group

The purposes of determining the influence of the light and sexing on growth performance and slaughter results atyoung quails from Balotesti population, was organized an experiment on 150 quails, betwen age of 28 and 70 days. The chicks were divided into two groups (control and experimental), and growth and slaughter performance were determined separately by sex. Have studied 2 lighting programs, a program of continous lighting with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (16 L + 8 N, control group) and a program with lighting with asymetric hours intervals with photoperiod duration of 16 hours (10L+2N+6L+6N, experimental group).Males and females from the experimental group were recorded average performance of growth high during the period 28 - 70 days. Live weight at age of 70 days was higher with 7.54 %, average weight gain was higher with 14.86 % and feed conversion rate was lower with 13.51 % at males from experimental group compared to males from the control group. Also, the live weight at the age of 70 days was higher with 18.09 %; average weight gain was higher with 35.12 %, while feed conversion rate was reduced with 30.08 % on females from the experimental group compared to females from the control group.The results of the slaughter at 70 days were superior in the caseof females from the both groups versus males. The average weight of the carcase was higher with 17.53 % in case of the females than that of males from the experimental group, and the carcase yield was 65.37 % at the females and 65.56 % for males. Also, the average weight of the carcase was higher with 5.08 % in case of females compared to that males from the control group, and the carcase yield was 64.20 % to females 66.70 % on males.Superior results recorded in the case of females and males from the experimental group recommended the program of lighting with asymmetric hours intervals in the growth of youth quail. Also, the higher slaughter results recorded in the case of females of the two groups recommended them in the meat production through a broiler of quail that combine advantages in the production of both males and females. 

scholarly journals Feedlot performance, carcass composition and pork quality from entire male and female Landrace and Large White market-weight pigs

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Sather ◽  
S. D. M. Jones ◽  
S. Joyal
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Feedlot Performance ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Large White ◽  
Meat Quality Traits

A total of 80 pigs, representing Large White and Landrace boars and gilts were slaughtered at an average live weight of 92.3 kg (80.5 – 102.5 kg). Boars were housed in groups of five pigs per pen, and were individually fed to appetite twice daily for a period of 45 min. Gilts were housed in groups of 12 pigs per pen. The diet consisted of 21% crude protein with 3300 kcal kg−1 digestible energy. Carcasses were weighed on the slaughter floor and cooled at 1 °C for 24 h prior to dissection of the left side into fat, bone and lean. There were no significant breed-by-gender interactions for growth, carcass and meat quality traits. These pigs had low average backfat, when measured ultrasonically according to Canadian Swine Improvement Program standards on the live pig (gilts 12.3 mm, boars 10.1 mm), high average daily gain (ADG: gilts 880, boars 940 g d−1) and low age adjusted to 90 kg (gilts 148, boars 145 d). Large White boars had a lower feed conversion ratio (2.18 vs. 2.32, P = 0.015) and less feed intake per day (2.05 vs. 2.14 kg d−1P = 0.020) than did Landrace boars. There were no significant differences in dissected lean yield between breeds (P = 0.389) or genders (P = 0.148). However, gilts had greater carcass grade fat and greater lean depth measurements than did boars, such that both genders had a predicted lean yield of 51.8%. Gilts (40.8 cm2) had a larger (P < 0.001) longissimus dorsi area than boars (38.0 cm2). There were no breed effects on the lean content of the four major cuts (P = 0.20), but boars had less fat (P = 0.01) and more bone than gilts (P < 0.01). There were few consistent differences in subjective or objective meat quality traits (i.e. color, drip loss) among breeds or genders. Boars had muscle with greater moisture than gilts (P < 0.001) as well as softer fat (P = 0.016). Thus, it appears possible to produce pork of high quality from lean animals and that lean boars efficiently produce carcasses of equivalent yield and quality to carcasses produced by lean gilts. Key words: Swine, boar, carcass composition, meat quality, Landrace, Large White

The effect of rate of gain during the growing and finishing periods on the feed efficiency and carcass composition of the pig: II. Contrasting patterns of growth produced by different rates of gain from 20 to 55 kg and 55 to 87 kg live weight

1968 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Walker ◽  
D. W. Holme ◽  
T. J. Forbes
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Experimental Period ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
The Other ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARYPigs were grown at controlled rates of live-weight gain from 20 to 55 kg and from 55 to 87 kg live weight, at which weight they were slaughtered. Six growth-rate treatments were compared and were referred to as High-High (HH), High-Moderate (HM), High-Low (HL), Moderate-High (MH), Moderate-Moderate (MM) and Low-High (LH). The right-hand side of each carcass was divided into the four primary jointsand each joint was physically dissected into bone, skin, subcutaneous fat and lean meat. The boneless tissue of each joint was analyzed for moisture, ether extractable fat and nitrogen.It was found that an increase in the rate of live-weight gain in the first growth period, tended toimprove the efficiency with which feed was converted into live weight. In the second growth period the efficiency of feed conversion was dependent on the rate of gain both in that period and in the preceding period. Restricted growth in the first period improved the efficiency of feed conversion both in the second period and over the entire experimental period compared with rapid early growth. The implications of compensatory growth are discussed.There was no treatment effect on carcass length, but hindleg length and ham circumference measurements showed that the proportion of gammon in the side was lower in the HH pigs compared with the other five treatments. This was confirmed by the weight of the gammon joint expressed as a percentage of the trimmed side. There was also a decrease in the proportion of shoulder and an increase in the proportion of middle in the HH pigs. Differences between the other five treatments were small. The changes in conformation were due largely to the effect on fat distribution throughout the side particularly in the gammon and back regions.The HH treatment resulted in a significant increase in the percentage fat in the side compared witheach of the other five treatments. Within these five treatments there was no significant difference in the percentage fat in the side. This suggests that equal importance may be attached to the rate of live-weight gain in both the growing (20–55 kg) and finishing (55–87 kg) periods in determining the fatnessof the bacon weight carcass.The treatments had little effect on the chemical composition of the fat-free boneless meat.The results are discussed in relation to current growth theory.

A note on the growth performance and carcass composition of Texel- and Suffolk-sired lambs in an intensive feeding system

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. G. A. Latif ◽  
E. Owen
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Feeding System ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

ABSTRACTSixteen male and 16 female lambs were used to compare the performance and carcass composition of Texel- and Suffolk-sired lambs out of Finnish Landrace × Dorset Horn ewes. Lambs were weaned at 6 weeks of age and individually fed an all-concentrate diet ad libitum to slaughter at 30 kg (females) and 36 kg (males). At slaughter, offal weights were recorded and carcass left sides jointed and dissected.Breed types did not differ in weight at weaning, growth iate, age at slaughter, daily feed intake or feed conversion rate. Texels had heavier carcasses (17·2 v. 16·4 kg: P <0·01) and higher dressing percentages (50·7 v. 49·2: P <0·05) than Suffolks. Texel-cross carcasses had 2·9% more lean (P <0·05), but 3·8% less total fat CP <0·01).The results indicate the suitability of Texel-sired lambs for intensive lamb production.

scholarly journals Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yang He ◽  
Xuan Liu ◽  
Yuanyang Dong ◽  
Jiaqi Lei ◽  
Koichi Ito ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽  
Relative Length ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Broiler Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
J.M. Sorjonen ◽  
M. Karhapää ◽  
S. Holm ◽  
A. Valtonen ◽  
H. Roininen
Keyword(s):  
Conversion Rate ◽  
Development Time ◽  
Acheta Domesticus ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Scale Production ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
House Cricket ◽  
Current Production ◽  
Feed Conversion Rate ◽  
By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

Carcass composition in four sheep breeds: the importance of type of breed and stage of maturity

1980 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. D. Wood ◽  
H. J. H. MacFie ◽  
R. W. Pomeroy ◽  
D. J. Twinn
Keyword(s):  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Carcass Composition ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Fat Depots ◽  
Intermuscular Fat ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Total Fat ◽  
Omental Fat ◽  
Mature Size

ABSTRACTIn order to investigate the effects of type of breed on carcass composition, an examination was made of 361 lambs from four breeds: Clun Forest and Colbred (termed ewe breeds); and Suffolk and Hampshire (termed ram breeds). The animals were in four carcass weight groups averaging 15, 17, 19 and 21 kg.Percentage subcutaneous fat was influenced more by carcass weight than by breed, whereas both carcass weight and breed had similar effects on percentage lean. At the mean carcass weight of 18 kg, Colbreds, the leanest breed, had a similar value for percentage lean (about 57 % of carcass tissue weight) to the carcasses over all breeds weighing 15 kg; and Cluns, the fattest breed, had a similar value (about 54%) to those weighing 21 kg. Since the ram breeds were intermediate in composition between the two ewe breeds there was no effect of type of breed on carcass composition. The breed differences were related to eventual mature size and to the stage of maturity at each carcass weight, as judged by body length and bone weight measurements. However, Colbreds were bigger and leaner than published estimates of their mature weight suggested. Humerus weight was a good predictor of lean or total fat weight, explaining 83 % ofvariation when used as a predictor along with carcass weight.Type of breed had a marked effect on internal fat deposition, the ewe breeds having heavier weights of both kidney knob and channel fat (KKCF) and caul fat (omental fat) than the ram breeds; and on the length oflimb bones, the ewe breeds having longer but thinner bones than the ram breeds. The order of the relative growth of the tissues and fat depots was: subcutaneous fat > caul fat > KKCF > intermuscular fat > lean > bone. Therefore, the internal fat depots were later maturing than intermuscular fat.The percentage of prime cuts in the carcass was not affected by carcass weight. Colbreds had significantly lower values than the other breeds. Suffolks had the lowest lean to bone ratio.

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