Toxoplasma gondii Strain and Dose Effects on Feed Conversion Rate, Body Weight, Serum Antibodies Response, and Systemic Distribution in Intraperitoneally Infected Domestic Turkey Poults

Hungarian goose production and gene conservation practices have been a tradition in Hungary for several centuries. The old Hungarian geese can only be effectively maintained if the national programs can identify economic uses of the breed. This study aimed to examine the potential use of the Hungarian landrace goose (HL) either as a purebred or crossbred with the Hungarian Upgraded breed (HU). Crossbred offspring were produced by HL ganders and HU layers, as egg production of HL layers is very low. Reproduction traits (egg production, fertility and hatchability) of parent stocks, body weight gain, feed consumption and slaughter values (slaughter loss, breast and thigh weight and proportions) and of offspring were measured. The results showed that fertility in the crossbred geese was insignificant compared to the fertility of HL purebreds, while hatchability of crossbreds was higher than that of purebred HL or HU. HL offspring had significantly lower bodyweight and weight gain, and a higher feed conversion rate than HU. The proportion of valuable meat parts (breast and thigh) was the highest in HU while weight in slaughter loss was also the highest in HU. In terms of body weight, feed conversion rate and slaughter properties, crossbred offspring showed intermediate inheritance. HL is recommended for crossbreeding with HU breeds and their offspring should be reared under free-range keeping conditions.

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The Effect of Garlic (Allium Sativum L.) on Growth Performance, Mortality Rate, Meat and Blood Parameters in Broilers

Annals of Animal Science ◽

10.1515/aoas-2015-0052 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 961-975 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Franciszek Brzóska ◽

Bogdan Śliwiński ◽

Olga Michalik-Rutkowska ◽

Józef Śliwa

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Mortality Rate ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Control Group ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Bird Mortality ◽

Dressing Percentage ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract The effect of garlic extract on body weight, feed intake, feed conversion rate, mortality rate, dressing percentage, carcass traits, chemical composition of breast muscles and blood plasma parameters was investigated in a feeding trial with 640 Ross 308 broiler chickens of both sexes. The experiment was characterised by a two-factor design, with liquid garlic extract (GFA ) and sex as factors. In comparison with the unsupplemented control group, supplementing diets with 1.00 (GFA 1), 1.50 (GFA 2), and 2.25 (GFA 3) ml kg-1 for 42 days increased body weight, with a significant difference for the GFA3 group (P≤0.01). Bird mortality was 2.78% in the control group and 0.10%, 0.63%, and 0.60% in the GFA1, GFA2, and GFA3 supplemented groups, respectively (P≤0.01). Feed intake (kg/42 days) was 4.50 per broiler in the control group and 4.51, 4.68, and 4.85 kg-1 per broiler in the experimental groups (P≥0.05), respectively. Feed conversion rate was 1.80 in the control group and 1.77, 1.76, and 1.80 kg/kg in the GFA1, GFA2, and GFA3 groups, respectively (P≥0.05). GFA increased European Production Efficacy Factor (EPEF) from 331 in the control group to 347, 363, and 356 points in the experimental groups, respectively (P≤0.01). Dressing percentage in the GFA3 group was significantly higher than in the control group (74.8% vs 72.5%; P≤0.01). GFA at the concentration of 2.25 ml kg-1 significantly increased the weight of breast muscles. Supplementing the diet with GFA at the level of 1.50 ml kg-1 caused a significant increase in liver weight (P≤0.01). Feeding with GFA at a rate of 1.5 ml kg-1 caused a significant increase in the protein and crude ash content of breast meat compared to the control group (P≤0.05). The highest dose of GFA significantly increased total protein content of serum compared to the control group (P≤0.01). No significant interaction of GFA by sex on the analysed parameters was found. It is concluded that GFA at 2.25 ml kg-1 caused a significant improvement in the body weight of broilers and their carcass parameters, while a significant reduction in bird mortality for the GFAsupplemented groups was observed during the rearing period. It appears that the optimum level of GFA , when the crude protein concentration in the commercial starter and grower diets ranges between 210 and 220 g kg-1 is 1.5-2.25 ml kg-1 of the starter and grower diets.

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Some hemato-biochemical, bacteriological and pathological effects of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in broiler chickens

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences ◽

10.14419/ijbas.v5i2.5699 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 99 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hossam Allam ◽

Abdelazem Mohamed Abdelazem ◽

Halla Salah ◽

Abdalla Hamed

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Leaf Extract ◽

Moringa Oleifera ◽

White Pulp ◽

Growth Promoter ◽

Renal Tubules ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Feed Conversion Rate ◽

Moringa Leaf Extract

Cloacal swabs were collected from 300 broiler chicks (50 dead, 50 diseased and 200 healthy) for bacteriological examintion. Out of 300 examined cloacal swabs 26 (52%) dead, 28 (56%) diseased and 28 (14%) from healthy chicks were positive for bacteria. Moringa oleifera leaf extract inhibits growth of E. coli and Salmonella spp. Post bacteriological examination 120 chicks free from bacterial infection, one day old were divided into 3 equal groups. 1st group healthy chicks (control), 2nd and 3rd groups chicks received 200 mg/ kgm bwt watery and alcoholic moringa oleifera leaf extract daily for 30 successive days in drinking water respectively. Effect of moringa leaf extract on body weight, feed conversion rate and haemato-biochemical analysis beside pathological changes of some internal organ were study.Moringa leaf extracts (watery & alcoholic) induced significant increase in body weight gain, RBCs, Hb, PCV% WBCs, total proteins, albumin, globulins, SOD beside significant decrease in MDA and insignificant increase in AST, ALT, ALP but urea and creatinine insignificantly decreased and improved in feed conversion rate.Histopathological investigation revealed, Hepatic tissue, congestion and hyperplasia in bile duct epithelium. Renal tubules undergo interstitial aggregation of lymphocytes and regeneration. Intestine shows slight edema. spleen and bursa show hyperplasia of lymphocyte in white pulp.It could be concluded that Moringa leaf extract act antibacterial, growth promoter, antioxidant and have benefits effect in immunity and hemato-biochemical parameters.

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PENGARUH PENAMBAHAN MINYAK KELAPA MURNI (VIRGIN COCONUT OIL/VCO) TERHADAP PENAMPILAN PRODUKSI AYAM BROILER FASE FINISHER

JURNAL HUTAN PULAU-PULAU KECIL ◽

10.30598/jhppk.2017.1.3.183 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 1 (3) ◽

pp. 183

Author(s):

Paskalis Robinson

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Coconut Oil ◽

The Body ◽

Production Performance ◽

Feed Consumption ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Virgin Coconut Oil ◽

Multiple Test ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

This study concerns the Effect of Addition of virgin coconut oil on Production performance at the Boiler Finisher Phase. The study was conducted on March 10 to April 5, 2017, at Kampung Kaliharapan Nabire District, Papua Province. This research was designed using Randomized Complete Design with four treatments and each treatment got 5 repetitions so that 20 units of the experiment were obtained, each the experiment unit consisted of 3 (three) chickens. The tested treatment is giving of various doses of pure coconut oil mixed with drinking water that is: Without pure coconut oil as control, 5cc / 100 dose chicken, Dosage 10 cc / 100 chicken, and Dosage 15 cc / 100 head/ chicken. The observed variable is Weight gain (gr / head / day), feed consumption (gr / head / day) and Feed conversion (FCR). The data were analyzed experimentally if there was any difference it would be carried out the further test with Duncan Multiple Test. The results of the study showed that all treatments treated with VCO could increase the body weight of chicken broiler, ie, increase significantly occurred from week V to VII, more efficient in consuming feed and the higher the doses given the lower the feed conversion rate. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that the addition of VCO has a significant effect on the increase of body weight and the decrease of the feed conversion rate at broiler Finisher phase. The higher given dose tends to increase body weight and decrease the feed conversion rate. The best or more efficient VCO dosage for finisher phase of broiler chicken is 15 cc / 100.

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PSXV-8 The study of feeding behavior traits in connection to feed efficiency in duroc boars bred in Russia

Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.1093/jas/skab235.473 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 259-259

Author(s):

Anna A Belous ◽

Alexander A Sermyagin ◽

Natalia A Zinovieva

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Feeding Behavior ◽

Feed Intake ◽

Feed Efficiency ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Intake Rate ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Final Body Weight ◽

Testing Period ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract The study of feeding behavior is of particular interest because it is directly related to efficiency of feeding. The aim of our study was to determine the genetic parameters of the feeding behavioral traits in Duroc boars (n = 766) in relation to the feed efficiency based on the analysis of variation components. Genstar and Shauer feeders were used to collect the behavioral data, including daily feed intake (DFI), total daily time spent in feeder (TPD), number of daily visits to feeder (NVD), average duration of each visit (TPV), feed intake per visit (FPV), and feed intake rate (FR). Genetic and environmental variabilities were determined by the mixed model equation using the REMLF90 program. Multiple regression analyses were used to adjust feed conversion rate (FCR) for the duration of the testing period, initial and final body weight, and average daily gain. The average initial body weight was 35.7 kg and the duration of testing period was 78.1 days. Actual FCR values reached 2.20 kg/kg with a phenotypic variability of 26.3%. Moderate values of heritability coefficients (h2) were observed for TPV (h2=0.168), FCR (h2=0.214), and DFI (h2=0.221) traits. The heritability parameters for FPV and TPD traits were higher and accounted to 0.269 and 0.290, respectively. The highest value of h2 was observed for NVD (0.494). Analyses of genetic correlations revealed several interesting findings. The boars, which more often visited feeding stations, spent more time in feeder (r2=+0.536 for NVD/TPD), herewith duration of each visit and feed intake rate were decreased (r2=–0.593 and –0.760 for NVD/TPV and NVD/FR, respectively). Feed conversion rate was positively correlated with TPD (r2=+0.530) and negatively correlated with FR (r2=–0,772). Our research results will be useful for development of artificial selection programs to select Duroc pigs for increased feeding efficiency. The study was supported by RFBR No19-316–90008.

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Analysis of growth and feed conversion in purebred and crossbred German Merinolandschaf lambs

Archives Animal Breeding ◽

10.5194/aab-58-177-2015 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 58 (1) ◽

pp. 177-183 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

K. F. Schiller ◽

V. Grams ◽

J. Bennewitz

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Gompertz Model ◽

Economic Interest ◽

Mean Square ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Average Mean Square Error ◽

Daily Body Weight ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract. In this study, ewes of "Merinolandschaf", a breed widespread in southern Germany, were crossed with rams of five meat breed types (Ile de France, Charollais, German black-headed mutton sheep (Deutsches Schwarzköpfiges Fleischschaf), Suffolk, Texel) and Merinolandschaf rams. The resulting lambs (179 individuals) were fattened intensively from 55.3 days and body weight of 20.4 kg until 121.7 days and a weight of 40.9 kg. While fattening, feed intake was recorded and lambs were weighed weekly. Ile de France × Merinolandschaf and Texel × Merinolandschaf seem to be of greatest economic interest for intensive fattening because they showed the best feed conversion rate and energetic feed conversion rate. Only these crosses were significantly superior compared to purebred Merinolandschaf in feed conversion rate and also in daily body weight gain during the fattening period. Except Charollais × Merinolandschaf, all crosses showed at least a tendency of improvement in all three traits compared to Merinolandschaf, although this is not always significant. This underlines the advantage of one-way cross-breeding for efficiently producing lamb meat. The growth was modelled with a linear model and the Gompertz model. The results showed that both models fit the data well, although the average R2 was slightly higher and the average mean square error was slightly lower for the Gompertz model. In addition, the use of the Gompertz model provided some interesting biological insights concerning the growth of lambs and differences between the crosses, even though the lambs were slaughtered before reaching their mature body weight.

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Comparative studies on the efficacy of lincomycin and bacitracin for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens

International Journal of Basic & Clinical Pharmacology ◽

10.18203/2319-2003.ijbcp20192177 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (6) ◽

pp. 1153

Author(s):

Ashraf A. Elkomy ◽

Enas Farag ◽

El Shahat I. El Gharbawy ◽

Mohamed Elbadawy

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Broth Culture ◽

Phagocytic Index ◽

Necrotic Enteritis ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Group A ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Background: The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of lincomycin and/or bacitracin for control of experimentally-induced Clostridium perfringens (CP) infection in broiler chickens.Methods: A total of 100 one-day-old Cobb-mixed chicks were divided into five groups (A, B, C, D and E, each of 20 bird). At the 15th day of age, all birds (except group A) were inoculated orally with CP broth culture (109 CFU/mL). Two days later, drugs were orally administered once daily for five consecutive days as follow; Group A and B were left untreated. Group C, D, and E were treated with lincomycin (0.5 g/l), bacitracin (100 mg/l), lincomycin and bacitracin, respectively. The efficacy of used drugs was estimated based on clinical symptoms, body weight, weight gain, feed conversion rate. Hematobiochemical changes were also determined.Results: Necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens induced a significant decrease in body weight, weight gain, erythrocytic count, hemoglobin content, PCV %, serum proteins, catalase, and superoxide dismutase. Additionally, a marked decrease in serum lipids was obtained. Furthermore, a significant increase in feed conversion rate, leukocytic count, phagocytic activity, phagocytic index, serum total globulin, γ globulin and malondialdehyde coupled with a marked increase in β and α globulins were determined. Medication of infected broilers with lincomycin and/or bacitracin improved clinical signs and reduced mortality rate to 8, 6 and 2%, respectively, as well as restored the performance and hematobiochemical alterations.Conclusions: a combination of lincomycin and bacitracin was of considerable value for the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens.

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Enterococcus faecium PNC01 isolated from the intestinal mucosa of chicken as an alternative for antibiotics to reduce feed conversion rate in broiler chickens

Microbial Cell Factories ◽

10.1186/s12934-021-01609-z ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yang He ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Yuanyang Dong ◽

Jiaqi Lei ◽

Koichi Ito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Epithelial Cells ◽

Intestinal Mucosa ◽

Conversion Rate ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Intestinal Epithelial Cells ◽

Relative Length ◽

Intestinal Epithelial ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

Broiler Production ◽

Feed Conversion Rate

Abstract Background The development and utilization of probiotics had many environmental benefits for replacing antibiotics in animal production. Bacteria in the intestinal mucosa have better adhesion to the host intestinal epithelial cells compared to bacteria in the intestinal contents. In this study, lactic acid bacteria were isolated from the intestinal mucosa of broiler chickens and investigated as the substitution to antibiotic in broiler production. Results In addition to acid resistance, high temperature resistance, antimicrobial sensitivity tests, and intestinal epithelial cell adhesion, Enterococcus faecium PNC01 (E. faecium PNC01) was showed to be non-cytotoxic to epithelial cells. Draft genome sequence of E. faecium PNC01 predicted that it synthesized bacteriocin to perform probiotic functions and bacteriocin activity assay showed it inhibited Salmonella typhimurium from invading intestinal epithelial cells. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the ileal villus height and crypt depth in broiler chickens, reduced the relative length of the cecum at day 21, and reduced the relative length of jejunum and ileum at day 42. Diet supplemented with E. faecium PNC01 increased the relative abundance of Firmicutes and Lactobacillus, decreased the relative abundance of Bacteroides in the cecal microbiota. Conclusion E. faecium PNC01 replaced antibiotics to reduce the feed conversion rate. Furthermore, E. faecium PNC01 improved intestinal morphology and altered the composition of microbiota in the cecum to reduce feed conversion rate. Thus, it can be used as an alternative for antibiotics in broiler production to avoid the adverse impact of antibiotics by altering the gut microbiota. Graphic Abstract

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Performance of the house cricket (Acheta domesticus) on by-product diets in small-scale production

Journal of Insects as Food and Feed ◽

10.3920/jiff2021.0079 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-6

Author(s):

J.M. Sorjonen ◽

M. Karhapää ◽

S. Holm ◽

A. Valtonen ◽

H. Roininen

Keyword(s):

Conversion Rate ◽

Development Time ◽

Acheta Domesticus ◽

Small Scale ◽

Scale Production ◽

Feed Conversion ◽

House Cricket ◽

Current Production ◽

Feed Conversion Rate ◽

By Products

As insect farming is becoming more popular in Europe and in the US, the use of food industry by-products in insects’ feed is drawing more attention. However, it is still unclear how to maximise the use of by-products in the feeds while meeting the nutritional requirements and maintaining profitable rearing yields with the current production technology. In this study, we conducted an experiment in Finnish small-scale cricket farming and laboratory conditions to determine whether five diet treatments, including by-product diets with barley mash and turnip rape, modify the overall fresh yield (kg), development time and feed conversion rate of the house crickets (Acheta domesticus). We discovered that the diets differed in the overall fresh cricket yield (kg) but not in the development time or the feed conversion rate of the crickets. The diets with a high proportion of by-product decreased the price of the feed but at the same time reduced the yield. Based on our results, complex by-product diets with the by-product proportion of 20-41% are the most suitable for house cricket rearing.

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