IN VIVO HEPATIC BALANCE OF LIPIDS AND GLUCOSE IN THE CALF; EFFECT OF SORBITOL INTAKE

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 238-239 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. DURAND ◽  
D. BAUCHART ◽  
J. LEVAIVRE
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Hepatic Vessels ◽  
Key Words Lipids

Hepatic balances of lipids and glucose were measured for 9 h in four conscious calves fed a milk replacer supplemented or not with sorbitol. Chronic cannulae of hepatic vessels and electromagnetic flowmeter were used. Sorbitol reduced (−43.3%) only net hepatic production of free cholesterol significantly (P < 0.05). Key words: Lipids, glucose, hepatic balance, calf, sorbitol

scholarly journals Perivascular vital cells in the ablation center after multibipolar radiofrequency ablation in an in vivo porcine model

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
F. G. M. Poch ◽  
C. A. Neizert ◽  
B. Geyer ◽  
O. Gemeinhardt ◽  
S. M. Niehues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Radiofrequency Ablation ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pringle Maneuver ◽  
Vessel Diameter ◽  
Inflow Occlusion ◽  
White Zone ◽  
Cell Vitality ◽  
Internally Cooled ◽  
Hepatic Vessels

AbstractMultibipolar radiofrequency ablation (RFA) is an advanced ablation technique for early stage hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases. Vessel cooling in multibipolar RFA has not been systematically investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the presence of perivascular vital cells within the ablation zone after multibipolar RFA. Multibipolar RFA were performed in domestic pigs in vivo. Three internally cooled bipolar RFA applicators were used simultaneously. Three experimental settings were planned: (1) inter-applicator-distance: 15 mm; (2) inter-applicator-distance: 20 mm; (3) inter-applicator-distance: 20 mm with hepatic inflow occlusion (Pringle maneuver). A vitality staining was used to analyze liver cell vitality around all vessels in the ablation center with a diameter > 0.5 mm histologically. 771 vessels were identified. No vital tissue was seen around 423 out of 429 vessels (98.6%) situated within the central white zone. Vital cells could be observed around major hepatic vessels situated adjacent to the ablation center. Vessel diameter (> 3.0 mm; p < 0.05) and low vessel-to-ablation-center distance (< 0.2 mm; p < 0.05) were identified as risk factors for incomplete ablation adjacent to hepatic vessels. The vast majority of vessels, which were localized in the clinically relevant white zone, showed no vital perivascular cells, regardless of vessel diameter and vessel type. However, there was a risk of incomplete ablation around major hepatic vessels situated directly within the ablation center. A Pringle maneuver could avoid incomplete ablations.

Results of an experimental study of hydrogel drainage containing ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations

2021 ◽  
pp. 63-67
Author(s):  
I.I. Khusnitdinov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Hyaluronic Acid ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Glaucoma Surgery ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Morphological Studies

Purpose. Еxperimental substantiation of the effectiveness of biocompatible biodegradable hydrogels based on hyaluronic acid and chitosan succinate as a carrier of ranibizumab in antiglaucoma operations. Material and methods. Hydrogel drainage (HD) was obtained immediately before surgery. A solution of ranibizumab (0.23 ml) was mixed with a solution of hyaluronic acid dialdehyde (0.5 ml), then a solution of chitosan succinate (0.5 ml) was added. Experimental studies were performed in 12 (12 eyes) healthy rabbits. The first group consisted of 6 eyes – 0.187 ml of ranibizumab per 1 ml of gel. In the control group, HD was used intraoperatively without the addition of ranibizumab (6 eyes). Morphological studies were performed on 7th, 21st, and 42nd days. Results. In experimental studies in vitro and in vivo, it was proved that ranibizumab, administered as a part of 0.1 ml of hydrogel drainage in the antiglaucoma surgery area is released within 3 weeks and suppresses vascularization, scarring of the operating area, and preserves the intrascleral cavity. The optimal concentration of ranibizumab was selected-0.02 ml in 0.1 ml of gel. Conclusion. The safety and effectiveness of the use of hydrogel drainage with ranibizumab based on hyaluronic acid dialdehyde and chitosan succinate in anti-glaucoma operations has been proven. Key words: experimental research, hydrogel drainage, ranibizumab, glaucoma surgery.

scholarly journals Excess weight and dyslipidemia and their complications during pregnancy: a systematic review

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iramar Baptistella do Nascimento ◽  
Willian Barbosa Sales ◽  
Raquel Fleig ◽  
Grazielle Dutra da Silva ◽  
Jean Carl Silva
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Excess Weight ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Obstetric Outcomes ◽  
Lipid Disorders ◽  
Key Words Lipids ◽  
The Cochrane Library ◽  
The Impact ◽  
In Pregnancy

Abstract Objectives: to identify bibliographically disorders related to excess weight, dyslipidemia and their complication during pregnancy and in the fetus and newborn. Methods: a systematic review including observational and interventional studies and reviews, based on MEDLINE, LILACS, Embase and the Cochrane Library between 2000 and 2015. The key-words "lipids, pregnancy, obesity and newborn" were used to establish a selective stage for inclusion/exclusion of titles, repeated studies, key-words, abstracts, methodological incompatibility and correlation with objectives. Results: 58 studies were selected, of which 36 (62%) addressed prevention and the risk in pregnancy of excess weight and lipid disorders and 19 (32.7%) suggestions and/or consequences for the fetus and newborn. Conclusions: excess weight and lipidemic disorders in pregnancy are causes for concern in scientific studies, posing risks both for the mother and the newborn. Higher prevalence of caesarian and pre-eclampsia were the two most noteworthy complications for gestational outcomes. In short, the impact on care of maternal habits and excess weight during pregnancy is highly significant, owing to the different degrees of complication in obstetric outcomes and their influence on the clinical characteristics of the newborn.

POTENTIAL ALTERNATIVES TO LAMB MILK REPLACER FOR THE ARTIFICIAL REARING OF LAMBS

1982 ◽  
Vol 62 (4) ◽  
pp. 1135-1142 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. P. HEANEY ◽  
J. N. B. SHRESTHA ◽  
H. F. PETERS
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Milk Replacer ◽  
Artificial Rearing ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Milk Products ◽  
Feed Costs ◽  
Spray Dried ◽  
General Appearance

Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the relative performance of artificially reared lambs fed four types of liquid diets: (1) lamb milk replacer (LMR) with 24% protein from spray-dried milk products and 24% fat in the dry powder; (2) high quality calf milk replacer (CMR) with 20% protein from spray-dried milk products and 20% fat; (3) fresh cow milk (CM); or (4) equal proportions of LMR and CM (LMR:CM). Average daily gains of lambs fed CMR or CM were lower by 16% and 12%, respectively, and weaning weights were lower by 10% and 5%, respectively, than those of lambs fed LMR. Gains and weaning weights of lambs fed LMR:CM were identical to those fed LMR. Lamb survival was marginally lower among CMR- and CM-fed lambs compared with those fed LMR. There were no observable differences among any of the feeding regimens in the general appearance, thriftiness or well-being of the lambs. The results indicate that, with good management, satisfactory lamb performance under artificial rearing can be achieved with high quality CMR or CM and that under practical conditions lower feed costs could offset the marginal reduction in lamb performance. Key words: Lambs, artificial rearing

scholarly journals In vivo Efficacy and Safety Evaluation of Lactosyl-β-cyclodextrin as a Therapeutic Agent for Hepatomegaly in Niemann-Pick Type C Disease

Nanomaterials ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 802 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuki Maeda ◽  
Keiichi Motoyama ◽  
Rena Nishiyama ◽  
Taishi Higashi ◽  
Risako Onodera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Subcutaneous Administration ◽  
Safety Evaluation ◽  
Autosomal Recessive Disorder ◽  
Liver Cells ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Type C ◽  
Niemann Pick

Niemann-Pick type C disease (NPC) is a fatal, autosomal recessive disorder, which causes excessive accumulation of free cholesterol in endolysosomes, resulting in progressive hepatomegaly and neurodegeneration. Currently, 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin (HP-β-CyD) is used at a high dose for the treatment of NPC, risking lung toxicity and hearing loss during treatment. One method to reduce the required dose of HP-β-CyD for the treatment of hepatomegaly is to actively deliver β-cyclodextrin (β-CyD) to hepatocytes. Previously, we synthesized lactosyl-β-CyD (Lac-β-CyD) and demonstrated that it lowers cholesterol in NPC model liver cells. In the present study, we studied the efficacy and safety of Lac-β-CyD treatment of hepatomegaly in Npc1−/− mice. After subcutaneous administration, Lac-β-CyD accumulated in the liver and reduced hepatomegaly with greater efficacy than HP-β-CyD. In addition, subcutaneous administration of a very high dose of Lac-β-CyD was less toxic to the lungs than HP-β-CyD. Notably, the accumulation of intracellular free cholesterol in endolysosomes of NPC-like liver cells was significantly lower after administration of Lac-β-CyD than after treatment with HP-β-CyD. In conclusion, these results suggest that Lac-β-CyD is a candidate for the effective treatment of hepatomegaly in NPC.

scholarly journals Macrophages Create an Acidic Extracellular Hydrolytic Compartment to Digest Aggregated Lipoproteins

2009 ◽  
Vol 20 (23) ◽  
pp. 4932-4940 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abigail S. Haka ◽  
Inna Grosheva ◽  
Ethan Chiang ◽  
Adina R. Buxbaum ◽  
Barbara A. Baird ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density Lipoproteins ◽  
Critical Event ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acid Hydrolases ◽  
Detailed Understanding ◽  
Physical Features

A critical event in atherogenesis is the interaction of macrophages with subendothelial lipoproteins. Although most studies model this interaction by incubating macrophages with monomeric lipoproteins, macrophages in vivo encounter lipoproteins that are aggregated. The physical features of the lipoproteins require distinctive mechanisms for their uptake. We show that macrophages create an extracellular, acidic, hydrolytic compartment to carry out digestion of aggregated low-density lipoproteins. We demonstrate delivery of lysosomal contents to these specialized compartments and their acidification by vacuolar ATPase, enabling aggregate catabolism by lysosomal acid hydrolases. We observe transient sealing of portions of the compartments, allowing formation of an “extracellular” proton gradient. An increase in free cholesterol is observed in aggregates contained in these compartments. Thus, cholesteryl ester hydrolysis can occur extracellularly in a specialized compartment, a lysosomal synapse, during the interaction of macrophages with aggregated low-density lipoprotein. A detailed understanding of these processes is essential for developing strategies to prevent atherosclerosis.

scholarly journals Exogenous cholesterol transport in rabbit plasma lipoproteins

1973 ◽  
Vol 134 (2) ◽  
pp. 531-537 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Rudel ◽  
J. M. Felts ◽  
M. D. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Specific Radioactivity ◽  
Plasma Lipoproteins ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Cholesteryl Esters ◽  
Exogenous Cholesterol ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Chylomicron Metabolism

1. The appearance of exogenous cholesterol in free cholesterol and ester cholesterol of plasma chylomicra, very-low-density (VLD), low-density (LD) and high-density (HD) lipoproteins was studied in unanaesthetized rabbits after ingestion of a meal containing 5% fat and 0.08% [3H]cholesterol. 2. The specific radioactivity of ester cholesterol of VLD lipoproteins reached the highest value of any lipoprotein fraction and for each lipoprotein it increased at a faster rate and reached a higher maximum than that of free cholesterol; the maximum in VLD lipoproteins occurred later than in chylomicra. 3. The pattern of appearance of exogenous cholesterol in chylomicra and VLD lipoproteins of plasma was similar to the pattern previously observed in lymph. The specific radioactivity of ester cholesterol in plasma VLD lipoproteins was higher than that in chylomicra in spite of a larger pool size and dilution of cholesteryl esters from VLD lipoproteins produced by the liver. These results support the concept that during absorption the major portion of exogenous cholesterol is transported in VLD lipoproteins as ester cholesterol. 4. The specific radioactivity of ester cholesterol of chylomicra and VLD lipoproteins increased at a faster rate than that of LD and HD lipoproteins. However, the rate of increase and the absolute values of the specific radioactivity in LD and HD lipoproteins were identical. Since cholesteryl esters are thought not to exchange between lipoproteins, this observation supports the hypothesis that a result of VLD lipoprotein and chylomicron metabolism is the formation of LD and HD lipoproteins. 5. Results in vivo showed that the free cholesterol of individual plasma lipoproteins does not equilibrate within a period of 24h.

Digestion of soybean globulins, glycinin, α-conglycinin and β-conglycinin in the preruminant and the ruminant calf

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 891-905 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. M. Tukur ◽  
J. P. Lallès ◽  
C. Mathis ◽  
I. Caugant ◽  
R. Toullec
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Soybean Protein ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Protein Concentrate ◽  
Protein Digestion ◽  
Soybean Globulins ◽  
Milk Replacers ◽  
Meal Product

Two experiments involving either preruminant (exp. 1) or ruminant (exp. 2) fistulated calves were conducted to study the in vivo digestion of glycinin, α-conglycinin and β-conglycinin from soybean. It was incorporated as a flour (product A, antigenic in vitro) or a protein concentrate (product B, non antigenic in vitro) in milk replacers (exp. 1), or as a meal (product C, antigenic in vitro) in a weaning starter (exp. 2). ELISA detection of residual globulin immunoreactivity was determined on ileal digesta in exp. 1, and on duodenal, ileal and faecal digesta in exp. 2. Ileal flow of glycinin, α-conglycinin and β-conglycinin represented 10.3, 1.2 and 0.9% of corresponding globulin amounts ingested, in the case of product A (exp. 1). Immunoreactive α-conglycinin could only be detected in ileal digesta (1.3% of intake) of calves fed the diet containing product B. In exp. 2, immunoreactive globulins entered the duodenum in low amounts (below 1% of respective intake), especially after weaning. Accordingly, their flow at the ileum and in feces, although measurable, had no meaning from the nutritional point of view. Fermentation in the rumen of weaned calves appeared to be efficient in inactivating most of the potentially harmful dietary constituents. Key words: Soybean, protein, digestion, calf, weaning, glycinin

In vivo calibration of electromagnetic flowmeter probes on pulmonary artery and aorta

1968 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 455-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth C. Weber ◽  
James C. Engle ◽  
Gary W. Lyons ◽  
Arthur J. Madsen ◽  
Irwin J. Fox
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Electromagnetic Flowmeter ◽  
In Vivo Calibration

Insulin resistance in obesity, type II diabetes and stress

1983 ◽  
Vol 104 (4_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S67-S69
Author(s):  
Ulf Smith
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Type Ii Diabetes ◽  
Insulin Receptors ◽  
In Vitro Studies ◽  
Type Ii

ABSTRACT. Insulin resistance plays a major role for the reduced glucose tolerance in obesity, type II diabetes and stress. Both in vivo and in vitro studies strongly support the major importance of post-receptor perturbations as the cause of the insulin resistance in these conditions. One likely level for the post-receptor alterations is the reported reduction in glucose transport. Key words: Insulin resistance, diabetes, obesity, insulin receptors, glucose transport.

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