Effect of insulin on the concentration of glucose and hormones in serum and milk yield of postpartum ewes

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 1253-1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Pope ◽  
D. M. Hallford
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Injection ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Exogenous Insulin ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity

Eighteen mature Debouillet ewes with single lambs received either 0, 0.25 or 0.50 IU Lente insulin per kilogram body weight per day on days 11 through 20 postpartum. Hourly blood samples were obtained from 1 h before to 6 h after treatment on days 11 and 20. Serum insulin concentration was increased by 1 h after insulin injection on day 11 and was accompanied by a decrease in serum glucose concentration. By 6 h after treatment on days 11 and 20, serum glucose and insulin in ewes receiving 0.25 IU insulin had returned to control levels. Exogenous insulin did not induce ovarian cyclicity. Key words: Sheep, insulin, postpartum, anestrus, prolactin, somatotropin

Effects of cortisol and progesterone on insulin binding and lipogenesis in adipocytes from normal and diabetic rats

1985 ◽  
Vol 106 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-231 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.-M. Mendes ◽  
R. J. Madon ◽  
D. J. Flint
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Insulin Binding ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Receptor Concentration

ABSTRACT Cortisol implants in normal and diabetic rats reduced body weight, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in isolated adipocytes, whilst insulin sensitivity was unchanged. In normal but not diabetic rats these changes were accompanied by increased serum glucose and insulin concentrations. In contrast, progesterone implants in normal and diabetic rats increased body weight gain, adiposity, insulin receptor concentration and both basal and insulin-stimulated rates of lipogenesis in adipose tissue, again without affecting insulin sensitivity. Progesterone did not affect serum insulin concentrations in normal or diabetic rats but accelerated the decline in serum glucose concentrations which occurred during an overnight fast in diabetic rats. The results suggest that (1) cortisol inhibits lipogenesis in adipose tissue without affecting insulin sensitivity, (2) cortisol reduces insulin binding in adipose tissue without a requirement for hyperinsulinaemia, which might itself indirectly lead to down-regulation of the insulin receptor, and (3) in diabetic rats progesterone stimulates lipogenesis in adipose tissue without any increase in food intake or serum insulin concentrations suggesting that progesterone may have a direct anabolic role in adipose tissue. J. Endocr. (1985) 106, 225–231

EFFECT OF STAGE OF LACTATION AND DIET ON SERUM INSULIN LEVEL AND MONONUCLEAR LEUKOCYTE INSULIN RECEPTOR CHARACTERISTICS IN DAIRY COWS

1987 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 721-733 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. D. KENNEDY ◽  
J. R. INGALLS ◽  
W. M. PALMER ◽  
F. R. TEKPETEY
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Insulin Receptor ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocytes ◽  
Mononuclear Leukocyte ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Stage Of Lactation

Blood was collected from and measurements were made of body weight and ultrasonic backfat (US) in ten 2–6 yr old Holstein cows at 8 wk prepartum, 3 d postpartum and at 4, 6 and 12 wk of lactation. Cows were fed a low-fat (LF) total mixed ration containing 3.0% either extract and 13.6% acid detergent fiber ad libitum until day 15 postpartum when some of the diet concentrate was replaced by whole sunflower seeds (four cows) or sunflower seed hulls, sunflower seed meal and tallow (two cows) to yield diets high in fat (6.7 and 6.9%, respectively) and acid detergent fiber (18.1 and 17.9%, respectively). All diets were formulated to have a NE1 of 7.07 MJ kg−1 dry matter and were isonitrogenous. Milk yield and composition were measured daily during each week of blood collection. Radioimmunoassay for insulin was performed on eight serum samples collected at 0.5-h intervals commencing at 0730 h. Specific cell binding (SB) of insulin as well as number of and affinity constants for high affinity (N1, K1, respectively) and low affinity (N2, K2, respectively) insulin receptors were determined on mononuclear leukocytes (MNL) isolated from 250 mL of whole blood. Throughout the trial the US measurement in cows on the LF diet was greater than in cows on the high-fat (HF) diets. Body weight, dry matter intake and milk yield were similar in HF and LF fed cows. Serum insulin concentration was lower 3 d postpartum than prepartum and had increased by 4 wk of lactation. The increase was greater with HF feeding. Insulin SB to MNL was negatively correlated to body weight and N1 was positively correlated to US measurement. Percent insulin SB to MNL at 12 wk of lactation (8.4 ± 1.6) was lower than that found for all other stages of lactation. There was no effect of diet or stage of lactation on K1 and K2 values. At 4 wk of lactation N2 (1.44 ± 0.15 × 104 sites cell−1) was 100 and 50% greater than at 6 and 12 wk of lactation, respectively. Prepartum N2 (1.21 ± 0.17 × 104) did not differ from N2 at any other stage of lactation. At 4 wk of lactation N1 (5.79 ± 0.73 × 102 sites cell−1) tended (P < 0.056) to be greater than that found for all other stages of lactation. There was no significant (P ≥ 0.05) effect of diet on N1, N2, K1, K2 or SB. Key words: Insulin, receptor, mononuclear leukocyte, lactation, dairy cow

scholarly journals Effect of metformin on the expression of SNAER proteins in the skeletal muscle of rats with type 2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
pp. 270-278
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Snare Complex ◽  
Snare Proteins ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Background and Aims: SNARE proteins are composed of a combination of SNAP-23, Stx-4, and VAMP-2 isoforms that are significantly expressed in skeletal muscle. These proteins control the transport of GLUT4 to the cell membranes. The modifications in the expression of SNARE proteins can cause Type 2 diabetes. The present study aimed to assess the effect of metformin on the expression of these proteins in rats. Materials and Methods: For the purpose of the study, 40 male Wistar rats were randomly selected. Streptozotocin and Nicotinamide were used for the induction of type 2 diabetes. The animals were assigned to five groups (n=8), including healthy and diabetic groups as control, as well as three experimental groups which were treated with different doses of metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) for 30 days. The quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR) method was applied to evaluate the expression of SNARE complex proteins.. Results: Based on the results, metformin (100, 150, and 200 mg/kg body weight) decreased serum glucose levels and increased serum insulin levels. This difference in dose of 200 mg/kg body weight was statistically significant (P<0.05). Moreover, all three doses of metformin increased the expression of SNAP- 23, syntaxin-4, and VAMP-2 proteins in skeletal muscle tissue. Metformin at a dose of 200 mg/kg body weight demonstrated the most significant effects (P<0.05). Conclusion: As evidenced by the results of the current study, another anti-diabetic mechanism of metformin is to increase the expression of SNARE proteins, which effectively improves insulin resistance and lowers blood glucose.

Glucose-induced changes in pancreatic islet blood flow mediated by central nervous system

1986 ◽  
Vol 251 (6) ◽  
pp. E644-E647 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Jansson ◽  
C. Hellerstrom
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Insulin Concentration ◽  
Similar Amount ◽  
Serum Insulin Concentration ◽  
Islet Blood Flow

Earlier experiments with the microsphere technique suggested that a heightened serum glucose concentration consistently leads to an increase in islet blood flow (IBF). Several lines of evidence suggest that this glucose-sensitive control mechanism is located at an extrapancreatic site. The purpose of this study was to define the possible role of the central nervous system in such a mechanism. D-glucose, L-glucose, 3-O-methylglucose, or saline were therefore infused into the carotid artery, each at a dose of 1 mg X kg body wt-1 X min-1 for 3 min, and the pancreatic and islet blood flows were measured. None of these substances affected the systemic serum glucose level. The intracarotid infusion of D-glucose, however, caused a rapid increase in both the serum insulin concentration and IBF. The blood flow to the whole pancreas nevertheless remained unchanged, indicating a redistribution of flow within the gland. Carotid infusion of the other test substances or a similar amount of D-glucose given in a femoral vein did not affect these parameters. Both the increase in serum insulin concentration and the increase in IBF caused by D-glucose could be abolished by vagotomy or administration of atropine. When the systemic blood glucose concentration was increased by intraperitoneal glucose administration (2 g/kg body wt), vagotomy blocked the increase in islet blood flow but not the concomitant insulin release. These observations suggest that the glucose-induced increase in IBF is mediated by vagal cholinergic influences.

THE INFLUENCE OF GROWTH HORMONE TREATMENT ON THYROID FUNCTION IN SWINE

1990 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 991-995 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
P. A. THACKER ◽  
B. LAARVELD
Keyword(s):  
Growth Hormone ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Growth Hormone Treatment ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Hormone Treatment ◽  
Serum Concentrations ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
To Receive

Twelve castrated male pigs of Yorkshire and Landrace breeding were selected at 95.9 ± 1.6 kg body weight (BW) and allocated equally to receive daily injections of either porcine growth hormone (pGH) at 90 μg kg−1 BW or vehicle buffer for four consecutive days. Following the last pGH injection, the pigs were infused via indwelling vena caval cannulae with thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) at 0.5 μg kg−1 BW. Blood samples were obtained at 10 and 0 min before TRH and thereafter at 10-min intervals for 90 min. Serum concentrations of thyroxine and thyrotropin were lower (P < 0.06 and P < 0.1, respectively) but those of triiodothyronine higher (P < 0.01) in pGH-treated pigs throughout the sampling period. There were no significant treatment-by-time interactions indicating that the thyroid response to TRH was not influenced by pGH treatment. Key words: Swine, thyroid, growth hormone, somatotropin

The influence of long-term melatonin administration on basic physiological and metabolic variables of young Wistar:Han rats

Biologia ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 61 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monika Kassayová ◽  
Martina Marková ◽  
Bianka Bojková ◽  
Eva Adámeková ◽  
Peter Kubatka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Water Intake ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Tap Water ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Epididymal Fat ◽  
Food And Water Intake

AbstractThe question of effects of long-term melatonin (MEL) administration have not yet been explained sufficiently, especially its metabolic consequences in young persons and animals. The aim of the present study was to analyze the effects of MEL given during prolonged time (for 3 months) and chronically (for 6 months) at the dose of 4 µg/mL of tap water, on the selected metabolic and hormonal parameters in young female and male Wistar:Han (WH) rats. The weights of selected organs, tissues, body weight gains and food and water intake were registered. Six weeks aged rats were adapted to standard housing conditions and light regimen L:D=12:12 h, fed standard laboratory diet and drank tap water (controls) or MEL solution ad libitum; finally they were sacrificed after overnight fasting. Prolonged MEL administration decreased serum glucose concentration and increased triacylglycerol and malondialdehyde concentration/content in the liver in females. In males MEL increased concentrations of serum phospholipids, corticosterone and liver malondialdehyde. MEL treatment reduced the body weight in both sexes and weight of epididymal fat in males, without any alterations of food and water intake. Chronic MEL administration reduced serum glucose concentration and increased concentration/content of glycogen, triacylglycerol and cholesterol in the liver and glycogen concentration/content in heart muscle in males. In females, the significant rise of serum corticosterone concentration and liver malondialdehyde content was recorded. MEL significantly increased liver weight and decreased thymus weight in males. MEL administration increased temporarily water intake in males, body and epididymal fat weights were similar to that in controls. Body weight of MEL drinking females was reduced in the 1st half of experiment only; the food and water intake did not differ from control group. The response in WH rats on MEL was more prominent as in the Sprague-Dawley strain (our previous studies). Male rats were generally more affected, probably due to higher daily and total consumption of melatonin.

Role of hypothalamic neuropeptide Y gene expression in body weight regulation

1994 ◽  
Vol 266 (5) ◽  
pp. R1687-R1691 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Davies ◽  
J. L. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Neuropeptide Y ◽  
Food Deprivation ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Weight Regulation ◽  
Body Weight Regulation ◽  
Insulin Levels ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Hypothalamic neuropeptide Y (NPY) may be involved in the hyperphagia that follows food deprivation associated with significant weight loss. However, it is unclear whether NPY is involved in body weight regulation under more physiological circumstances. Consequently, we measured body weight, food intake, arcuate nucleus (ARC) NPY mRNA, serum glucose, and insulin in male Wistar rats after 48 h of food deprivation and various refeeding protocols. Food deprivation produced a twofold increase in NPY mRNA, whereas 3 days of ad libitum refeeding returned body weight and NPY mRNA to control. If hyperphagia was prevented for 5 days during refeeding, then neither body weight nor NPY mRNA normalized. There were strong negative correlations between ARC NPY mRNA and both loss of body weight and serum insulin levels. These data suggest that hypothalamic NPY gene expression plays a role in control of body weight under physiological conditions. The data further suggest that NPY mRNA may be decreased by peripheral insulin levels.

THE INFLUENCE OF GILT AGE ON THE ENDOCRINE AND OVULATORY RESPONSE TO DIFFERENT DOSES OF ESTRADIOL BENZOATE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (3) ◽  
pp. 979-982 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. N. KIRKWOOD ◽  
F. X. AHERNE
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Jugular Vein ◽  
Estradiol Benzoate ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Estrous Cyclicity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Different Doses ◽  
Phasic Release

Fifty-five prepubertal Yorkshire × Landrace gilts were randomly assigned to one of six treatments involving the injection (i.m.) of estradiol benzoate (EB) at either 10 or 20 μg kg−1 body weight at gilt ages of 130, 150 or 170 d. Blood samples were taken by jugular vein puncture at 0, 24, and 36 h, and then at 6-h intervals until 84 h, after injection and assayed for plasma luteinizing hormone (LH) concentrations. The mean magnitude of the EB-induced LH peak was 6.1 ± 0.2 ng mL−1, and was not affected by treatment. Fifty-six percent of gilts ovulated in response to EB injection, and 34% had a subsequent ovulation. The initial ovulation rate was unaffected by EB dose, but was higher (P < 0.05) in 170 d (9.9 ± 1.0) compared to younger gilts (4.2 ± 1.1 and 5.5 ± 1.1 for 130-dand 150-d gilts, respectively). Subsequent ovulation rates were unaffected by treatment. It is concluded that EB treatment will usually induce a phasic release of LH from prepubertal gilts, but this release is not necessarily accompanied by normal estrous cyclicity. Key words: Estradiol, gilts, ovulation

Effect of insulin, glucose, and controlled diabetes mellitus on human jejunal function.

1977 ◽  
Vol 233 (3) ◽  
pp. E181 ◽  
Author(s):  
N V Costrini ◽  
K P Ganeshappa ◽  
W Wu ◽  
G E Whalen ◽  
K H Soergel
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Glucose Absorption ◽  
Serum Glucose ◽  
Dependent Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Perfusion Studies

The effects of serum insulin concentration, serum glucose concentration, and of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus on human jejunal glucose, Na, and H2O absorption were assessed. Triple-lumen perfusion studies were carried out in 20 nondiabetic and 9 insulin-requiring diabetic male volunteers. In seven normal subjects, sequential elevation of serum insulin concentrations from 20 muU/ml to 50 and 100 muU/ml for 2 h each, with maintenance of constant serum glucose levels, failed to significantly alter glucose, Na, and H2O absorption. Absorption of glucose, Na, and H2O was similar when the serum glucose concentration was maintained at 125 and at 250 mg/100 ml. Glucose absorption results during 26 perfusion studies in 20 control subjects were compared with results obtained during 20 perfusion studies in 9 diabetic subjects. Glucose concentrations in isotonic perfusates were 25, 40, or 75 mM. Na and H2O absorption rates were similar in both groups. Regression lines relating glucose load or geometric mean study segment glucose concentration to glucose absorption were also comparable. These results indicate that insulin-requiring diabetics absorb glucose, Na, and H2O normally.

scholarly journals Feed supplementation and weight change, milk yield and post-partum oestrus in Desi cows

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 39-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
MGS Alam ◽  
MA Rahman ◽  
M Khatun ◽  
JU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Fish Meal ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Common Salt ◽  
Feed Supplementation ◽  
Alternative Sources ◽  
Ovarian Cyclicity ◽  
Group D

A feeding trial was performed with 16 multiparous lactating Desi (indigenous) cows for 32 weeks to evaluate the effects of dhaincha (Sesbania aculeata) and ipil-ipil (Leucaena leucocephala) as alternative sources of protein together with urea-treated straw, fish meal, green grass and urea molasses mineral block (UMMB) on body weight, milk yield and resumption of ovarian cyclicity after parturition. Cows were grouped into four and supplied four diets. Cows in groups B (dhaincha, ipil-ipil, treated straw, fish meal and common salt), group C (UMMB and green grass), and group A (treated straw, fish meal and common salt) gained body weight 20.7 ± 2.1, 17.2 ± 1.3 and 15.4 ± 3.6 kg, respectively, over a period of 32 weeks. Non-supplemented cows (group D) lost body weight an average of 12.5 ± 5.4 kg. Among the supplemented cows, significantly (P<0.05) better weight gain was observed in group B than groups C and A. The difference in weight gain between B and C, and C and A were not significant (P>0.05). Significantly (P<0.01) higher milk yield was observed in groups B, C and A than in D. There were no significant (P>0.05) differences in milk yield between groups B, A and C. The animals of group C, B and A expressed behavioural oestrus 84-190 (149.0 ± 46.3), 131-220 (178.0 ± 32.0) and 179-218 (200.5 ± 14.0) days postpartum, respectively, these were not significantly (P>0.05) different. None of the cows in group D manifested oestrus during the study period. It is suggested that feed supplementation during lactation in cows stimulates ovarian cyclicity earlier. Dhaincha and ipil-ipil could be used as alternative sources of protein for ruminants, which may result in better weight gain, milk yield and reproductive performance during postpartum period in indigenous cows. DOI: 10.3329/bvet.v26i2.4949 Bangl. vet. 2009. Vol. 26, No. 2, 39-47

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