The effect of grazing duration on forage quality and production of meadow foxtail

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jess J. Wenick ◽  
Tony Svejcar ◽  
Raymond Angell
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design

For the past 50 yr, meadow foxtail (Alopecurus pratensis L.) has been invading native flood meadows throughout the Harney Basin in southeastern Oregon. The expansion of this grass species has been the result of its broad climatic adaptation and ability to withstand drought while thriving in saturated soil conditions for a large part of the growing season. The growth of meadow foxtail starts as soon as adequate soil moisture exists. Managing this early-maturing hay species can prove to be a challenge because soil saturation and elevated water tables make it difficult to harvest hay when forage quality and yield are maximized. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether planned grazing would retard maturation and thus prolong forage quality. Treatments included a non-grazed control and grazing durations of 2, 4, 6, and 8 wk. Grazing was initiated in May of 1998 and 1999 on six replications of each treatment arranged in a randomized block design. Within each treatment/replication combination, ten 0.2-m2 plots were clipped to ground level at about 2-wk intervals from May to August. The samples were weighed and dried for standing crop estimation and 4 of the 10 samples were selected at random and analyzed for acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and crude protein (CP). We found that early spring grazing decreased forage yield significantly (P ≤ 0.05). Grazing tended to slow the seasonal decline in CP. The effects of grazing on the forage fiber components, however, were inconsistent. The relatively small increase in forage quality does not appear to compensate for the large decline in hay yield (a 40% decline in the shortest grazing duration treatment). We recommend that unfertilized meadow foxtail pastures be used for either haying or grazing, but not both in a given growing season. Key words: Grazing, beef cattle, regrowth, forage yield

scholarly journals FORAGE YIELD AND SOME QUALITY TRAITS OF PERSIAN CLOVER AT WINTER AND SPRING SOWING UNDER EDIRNE ECOLOGICAL CONDITIONS, TURKEY

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 113-120
Author(s):  
Cengiz Kucukduvan ◽  
Ertan Ates
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Quality Properties ◽  
Ecological Conditions ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Persian Clover ◽  
Spring Sowing

The research was carried out to determine the forage yield and some quality properties of Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L. ssp. majus Boiss.) at different sowing times (winter and spring) under Edirne ecological conditions, Turkey. The study was conducted during 2015-2016 at Degirmenyeni village of the Edirne province in Thrace, Turkey. Experiments were planted in randomized block design with three replications. The different sowing times affected the plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per main stem, number of branches per plant, leaf length and leaflet length. The effect of sowing times on the leaflet width was not significant. Higher herbage (29.92 t ha-1) and hay (7.05 t ha-1) yields were obtained from spring sowing. The crude protein, crude fiber, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, potassium, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus contents ranged from 20.03-20.14, 20.87-20.96, 40.42, 29.77-29.93, 1.45-1.46, 1.29-1.30, 0.48-0.49 and 0.41-0.42 %, respectively in Persian clover at different sowing times.

scholarly journals Effect of glyphosate drift on marandu grass

2021 ◽  
pp. 347-360
Author(s):  
Luciane da Cunha Codognoto ◽  
◽  
Thassiane Telles Conde ◽  
Glaucia Faria Amorim ◽  
Katia Luciene Maltoni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Sublethal Dose ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Sublethal Doses ◽  
Urochloa Brizantha ◽  
Chemical Traits ◽  
Glyphosate Drift ◽  
And Control

Glyphosate drift in plants that are not resistant to the herbicide molecule can result in stimulation to certain biological features, characterizing the phenomenon of hormesis. On this basis, productive and chemical traits were evaluated in marandu grass, in a simulation of the drift effect, using sublethal doses of the herbicide glyphosate. The experiment was in laid out in a randomized-block design with split plots in time, in four replicates. The effect of sublethal doses of glyphosate acid equivalent (a.e.) (21.60, 43.20, 64.80, 86.40 and 108.00 g ha-1) and control was evaluated in the plots; and the effect of harvesting at 92, 113, 134 and 155 days after sowing (DAS) the grass was evaluated in the subplots. The Urochloa brizantha cv. Marandu was collected at a height of 0.20 m, at a defoliation interval of 21 days, to estimate production and chemical traits, in experimental plots with a usable area of 7.5 m2. Leaf: stem ratio was influenced by the interaction between the evaluated factors (dose and harvest). Dose fitted a second-order polynomial model, with a hormesis effect of 21.60 to 76.50 g ha-1 of glyphosate a.e. Harvesting at 134 DAS differed significantly from 92 DAS. The forage yield showed a linear response inversely proportional to the increasing glyphosate doses. There was a polynomial increase in leaf phosphorus content, characterizing hormesis up to the sublethal dose of 72.50 g a.e. ha-1. Harvest influenced the neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, lignin and leaf phosphorus contents.

scholarly journals 533 PB 011 SCREENING OF POLYETHYLENE AND ORGANIC MULCHING FILMS FOR USE IN MELON PRODUCTION IN THE LOWER RIO GRANDE VALLEY

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 507f-507
Author(s):  
L.P. Brandenberger ◽  
R.P. Wiedenfeld
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Bare Soil ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Lower Rio Grande Valley ◽  
Vine Growth ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Mulching Films

Bare soil, 13 different polyethylene mulching films, and K-Mulch kenaf paper film were compared to one another for use in early spring production of cantaloupe melons. The mulching treatments were applied to the top of raised beds spaced 200 cm apart in late January and seed of the cantaloupe variety Cruiser were planted in early February. Treatments were replicated five times in a complete randomized block design. Plots were irrigated throughout the season utilizing a drip irrigation system. Crop responses to mulches throughout the growing season were determined by measuring vine growth, fruit yield, Fruit quality and earliness. Mulch tensile strength was determined throughout the season, and ease of cleanup and disposal were evaluated after the growing season. Differences were recorded for treatments particularly regarding ease of cleanup.

Forage Performance of Corn Hybrids and Their Varieties

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Moisés T. da Silva ◽  
Paulo V. Ferreira ◽  
Rosa C. Lira ◽  
Gilson M. Filho ◽  
João V. S. Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Experimental Plot ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Border Effect ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Maize Genotypes ◽  
Fodder Production

The present study had as objective to evaluate the performance of maize hybrids and yours varieties for forage production in the climate and soil conditions of the forest area in the state of Alagoas. In conducting the experiment it was adopted the randomized block design, with 12 treatments (maize genotypes) and three replicates, totaling 36 experimental plot. Each experimental plot consisted of four rows of 5 meters in length, two lateral queues were discarded due to the border effect. For planting, the spacing of 0,7 m x 0,143 m was used, totalizing a final stand of 100,000 plants per hectare after thinning. At 93 days after sowing, the evaluations were carried out regarding the plants biometrics, and forage yield. Considering the conditions under which the experiment was developed, it can be concluded that: (a) The genotypes Jabotão, Branca, Branquinha and their experimental hybrids showed the highest plant height; (b) The experimental hybrid Janor presented the best culm/ear; (c) The Jabra and Branquinha genotypes are the best performance for forage yield (d) The Jabra experimental hybrid showed excellent forage aptitude, which makes it a promising material, which can be evaluated in other regions in the future and later launched as a genotype for fodder production.

scholarly journals Irrigation with Coalbed Methane Co-Produced Water Reduces Forage Yield and Increase Soil Sodicity However Does Not Impact Forage Quality

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 3545
Author(s):  
Shital Poudyal ◽  
Valtcho D. Zheljazkov
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Water ◽  
Coalbed Methane ◽  
Produced Water ◽  
Forage Quality ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Feed Value

The extraction of coalbed methane produces a significant amount of coalbed methane co-produced water (CBMW). Coalbed methane co-produced water is often characterized by high levels of pH, total dissolved solids (TDS), sodium (Na) and bicarbonate (HCO−3) and if used for irrigation without treatment, it may be detrimental to the surrounding soil, plants and environment. CBMW ideally should be disposed of by reinjection into the ground, but because of the significant cost associated, CBMW is commonly discharged onto soil or water surfaces. This study was conducted to elucidate the effect of the CBMW (with TDS value of <1500 ppm) at various blending ratios with fresh water on the yield and quality of representative forage crops [i.e., oat (Avena sativa) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa)]. Various blends of CBMW with fresh water reduced fresh and dry weight of alfalfa by 21.5–32% and 13–30%, respectively and fresh and dry weight of oat by 0–17% and 0–14%, respectively. Irrigation with various blends of CBMW and fresh water increased soil pH and soil sodium adsorption ratio. However, forage quality parameters such as crude protein (CP), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), total digestible nutrients (TDN) and relative feed value (RFV) of both forage crops remained unaffected.

scholarly journals EARLY SPRING APPLICATION OF AMINOETHOXYVINILGLYCINE (AVG) INCREASES FRUIT SET AND YIELD OF ‘ROCHA’ PEARS

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
MATEUS DA SILVEIRA PASA ◽  
BRUNO CARRA ◽  
CARINA PEREIRA DA SILVA ◽  
MARLISE NARA CIOTTA ◽  
ALBERTO FONTANELLA BRIGHENTI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Quality Attributes ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Full Bloom ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Return Bloom

ABSTRACT The low fruit set is one of the main factors leading to poor yield of pear orchards in Brazil. Ethylene is associated with abscission of flowers and fruitlets. Then, the application of ethylene synthesis inhibitors, such as AVG, is a potential tool to increase fruit set of pears. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of AVG, sprayed at different rates and timings, on fruit set, yield and fruit quality of ‘Rocha’ pear. The study was performed in a commercial orchard located in the municipality of São Joaquim, SC, during the growing seasons of 2014/2015 and 2015/2016. Plant material consisted of ‘Rocha’ pear trees grafted on quince rootstock ‘BA29’. AVG was tested at different rates (60 mg L-1 and 80 mg L-1) and timings [full bloom, one week after full bloom (WAFB), and two WAFB), either alone or in combination. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design, with at least five single-tree replications. The fruit set, number of fruit per tree, yield, estimated yield, fruit weight, return bloom, and fruit quality attributes were assessed. Fruit set and yield were consistently increased by single applications of AVG at 60 and 80 mg L-1 at both one and two weeks after full bloom, without negatively affecting fruit quality attributes and return bloom.

scholarly journals Cekaman Garam NaCl danTeknik Aplikasi Azolla pada Tanaman Padi

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 349-355
Author(s):  
Fitri Krismiratsih ◽  
Sugeng Winarso ◽  
Slamerto Slamerto
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Ground Cover ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Application Technique ◽  
Rice Plants ◽  
Root Dry Weight ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Salinity Levels

Efforts to increase production potential can be carried out by extensification in a less productive saline land. Salinity is a major problem in the growth of most plants. Azolla is a plant that is sensitive to salinity, but if it is applied well, it can grow optimally at high salinity levels. The purpose of this study is to obtain an azolla application technique that is effective in increasing the adaptation of rice plants to NaCl saline soil conditions. The experimental design used was Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors and 3 replications. The first factor was the azolla application technique consisted of 3 levels: fresh azolla composted, fresh azolla immersed, and fresh azolla as a ground cover. The second factor was the levels of NaCl salt stress consisted of 4 levels: control DHL 0, 2, 4, and 8 dS m-1. The adaptation ability of rice plants based on variable plants height growth rate, number of tillers, strove dry weight, root dry weight, stomata density, leaf chlorophyll (SPAD), age of flowering, number of paddy grain, and harvest index. The results showed how to test content up to 2 dS m-1 which increased rice growth especially the application of azolla composted. Increasing stress to 4 and 8 dS m-1showed bad effects on vegetative, physiology, and yields of rice components. The stronger of salt stress the higher all plants growth variables except the age of flowering that actually showed the acceleration of flowering. Application of composted azolla can increase the root dry weight and azolla as a ground cover can increase the numbers of paddy grains.   Keywords: azolla, NaCl, rice, stress

scholarly journals FORAGE YEILD AND COMPITITION INDICES OF CEREALS MIXED INTERCROPPING WITH FORAGE LEGUMES IN SULAIMANI REGION

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (6) ◽  
pp. 1417-1430
Author(s):  
Ch. S. Jafar ◽  
Sh. I. Towfiq ◽  
J. Gh. Rafat
Keyword(s):  
Competitive Ratio ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Grass Pea ◽  
Forage Legumes ◽  
Booting Stage ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Competition Indices

The present study was conducted in Sulaimani region at two different locations, Kanipanka and Qlyasan during winter season of 2019-2020 to estimate the response of forage yield and some competition indices to the effect of crop pure stands and their mixtures of barley and triticale intercropped with narbon vetch and grass pea with some different patterns. The experiment was designed according to Completely Randomized Block Design with three replications. As the average of both location the maximum green forage yield was produced by pure narbon vetch 32.610 ton ha-1, while pure barley produce maximum dry forage yield and dry matter % reached 5.506 ton ha-1 and 8.55% at booting stage respectively, but the crop mixture barley/grass pea at a rate 2:1 produce maximum green and dry forage yield 32.083 and 5.616 ton ha-1 respectively at booting stage. The crop mixture barley/vetch 1:1 gave maximum dry matter% 17.88% at the same stage. The highest value for total LER was 1.401recorded by the mixture of triticale/grass pea at elongation stage, while the highest relative crowding coefficient was 1.285 recorded by the same mixture at a rate 1:1 at the same cutting stage. Maximum competitive ratio for cereals was 3.652 recorded by barley in the mixture barley/grass pea 1:2 at elongation stage, while for legume it was 2.292 for narbon vetch in the mixture triticale/vetch 2:1 at booting stage.

scholarly journals COCONUT MEAL INCLUSION IN HIGH CONCENTRATE SHEEP DIETS AFFECTS FEED DIGESTIBILITY AND INTAKE1

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 692-701
Author(s):  
PAULA FABRINY MAUÉS DA SILVA ◽  
SARAH OLIVEIRA SOUSA PANTOJA ◽  
FELIPE NOGUEIRA DOMINGUES ◽  
ANIBAL COUTINHO DO RÊGO ◽  
CRISTIAN FATURI
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Body Weights ◽  
Coconut Meal

ABSTRACT Coconut meal can be an affordable low-cost alternative to noble ingredients such as corn and soybean meal in sheep diets. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of coconut meal inclusions, when used as a corn and soybean meal replacement, on the intake, digestibility, and nitrogen balance of sheep diets. Twenty-four male Santa Inês lambs with body weights (BW) of 26.6 ± 3.2 kg were used in the study. The animals were housed in metabolic cages and distributed in a completely randomized block design, with three treatments and eight replications. The animals received a total mixed ratio of 30% roughage (elephant grass) and 70% concentrate. The animals were fed on two experimental diets with 11% and 22% coconut meal inclusion and a control diet (without coconut meal). Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and non-fibrous carbohydrate (NFC) intake as a percentage of BW were negatively influenced by the inclusion of coconut meal. The ether extract (EE) intake increased but did not differ between the 11% and 22% coconut meal diets. Furthermore, the digestibility of DM, CP, EE, and ADF did not differ between the two evaluated diets. The inclusion of coconut meal reduced NDF digestibility and increased that of NFC. The level of inclusion of coconut meal in the diet must be based on the EE content in the meal; keeping the EE intake below 0.16% of the BW helped to avoid limited intake of feed.

scholarly journals Lamb performance in hardwood silvopastures, I: animal gains and forage measures in summer

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 385-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriel J Pent ◽  
Scott P Greiner ◽  
John F Munsell ◽  
Benjamin F Tracy ◽  
John H Fike
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Black Walnut ◽  
Forage Yield ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Experimental Unit ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Forage Production ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Mixed Grass ◽  
Stocking Rates

Abstract The integration of trees into pasture systems can have variable effects on forage and animal growth. Some reports of these systems have indicated that animal gains are similar or better even when tree presence lowers forage yield. Forage production and animal performance were compared in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.)-based and honeylocust (Gleditisia triacanthose L.)-based silvopasture systems and open pastures in a randomized complete block design with three blocks over three summers. Cool season-based, mixed grass pastures were rotationally stocked with four to seven lambs depending on available forage. A rising plate meter was used to estimate pre- and post-graze forage mass. Forage samples of the mixed sward were collected and analyzed for nitrogen (N) and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations. Species percent cover was estimated using a modified Daubenmire approach at the same 12 points within each experimental unit every 4 wk during the study. Pre-graze herbage mass was similar (P = 0.0717) in honeylocust silvopastures (5020 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and open pastures (4930 ± 30 kg·ha−1) and lowest (P &lt; 0.0001) in the black walnut silvopastures (3560 ± 30 kg·ha−1). Forages in the black walnut and honeylocust silvopastures had similar (P = 0.4867) N concentrations (23.3 ± 0.4 and 23.9 ± 0.4 g·kg−1, respectively), which was greater (P ≤ 0.0003) than that of the forages in the open pastures (21.0 ± 0.4 g·kg−1). Forages in the honeylocust silvopasture had lower (P ≤ 0.0042) NDF concentrations (507 ± 3 g·kg−1) than forages in the black walnut silvopasture and open pastures (mean = 525 ± 3 g·kg−1). Forage species present in the black walnut silvopastures differed from those present in the open and honeylocust systems, which had similar composition. Despite differences in stocking rates, total lamb weight gains per system did not differ (P ≥ 0.7592) among black walnut, honeylocust, and open pasture systems (10 ± 2, 12 ± 2, and 10 ± 2 kg·d−1, respectively). Silvopasture practices can improve land productivity when incorporated into cool season forage pastures.

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