Response of irrigated corn silage to seeding rate and row spacing in southern Alberta

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-716 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Beres ◽  
E. Bremer ◽  
C. Van Dasselaar
Keyword(s):  
Production Quality ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Silage Production ◽  
The Ideal

A field study was conducted to determine if high seeding rates were economically beneficial for irrigated corn silage production in southern Alberta. On average, 84% of seeds produced a plant, with 12% higher plant establishment in narrow (38 cm) than wide (76 cm) rows. Row spacing did not significantly affect yield, but maximum profitability was attained with a lower seeding rate for narrow rows. Whole-plant dry matter yields and net income were increased by 13% when seeding rates were increased from 64 000 to 74 000 seeds ha-1, but were not significantly affected by seeding rates from 74 000 to 114 000 seeds ha-1. The ideal seeding rate within this range may vary due to site specific conditions. Forage quality was unaffected by seeding rate. Key words: Corn, Zea mays L., irrigated silage production, quality, plant population, row spacing

In vitro degradation and methane production of short-season corn hybrids harvested before or after a light frost

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 741-753
Author(s):  
I.A. Aboagye ◽  
V.S. Baron ◽  
M. Oba ◽  
J. Guyader ◽  
K.A. Beauchemin
Keyword(s):  
Nutritive Value ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
In Vitro Degradation ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Short Season ◽  
Silage Production

In western Canada, short-season corn silage production is increasing due to its potentially high nutritive value. The objective of this study was to determine variability and relationships among nutrient concentration, degradability, and methane (CH4) production of short-season whole-plant corn hybrids harvested before or after light frost (−1.5 °C). Four hybrids, based on their corn heat unit rating (≤2600, CHU rating), were grown in 2 yr in central and southern Alberta (AB) with two field replications. The batch culture and Daisy fermenter techniques were used to characterize degradability and gas production measurements. At both locations, dry matter (DM) concentration was affected by harvest and hybrid (P ≤ 0.02). However, starch and neutral detergent fiber (NDF) concentrations differed (P ≤ 0.01) or tended (P = 0.07) to differ among harvest and hybrid only in central AB. Over both locations and harvest times, CH4production was related negatively to propionate and positively to acetate proportions. In conclusion, harvesting southern AB hybrids after frost increased DM concentration and NDF degradability with no effect on CH4emissions, but the high DM concentration may negatively affect silage quality and animal performance. Harvesting central AB hybrids after frost increased DM and starch concentrations, while reducing CH4emissions but had limited effects on nutrient degradability.

Row spacing and seeding rates to optimize safflower yield on the Canadian prairies

1994 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 319-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.-H. Mündel ◽  
R. J. Morrison ◽  
T. Entz ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
B. T. Roth ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oil Content ◽  
Carthamus Tinctorius ◽  
Test Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Canadian Prairies ◽  
Southern Alberta ◽  
Days To Maturity ◽  
Effect On Yield ◽  
Seed Yields

Nine experiments were conducted in Alberta and Manitoba between 1988 and 1991 to determine the effect of row spacing and seeding rates on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) yield, oil content, test weight and maturity. Row spacings of 15 and 30 cm at Morden had little effect on yield, while in southern Alberta there was a tendency toward increased yields with narrow rows (23 cm) compared with wide rows (46 cm). Seeding rates of 32–40 kg ha−1 were required to obtain maximum seed yields. Oil content, test weight, and days to maturity were not consistently affected by row spacing or seeding rate. Key words:Carthamus, row spacings, seeding rates, yield, oil, test weight, maturity

scholarly journals Proportions of Concentrate and Corn Silage Rehydrated Ground Grain at Different Storage Times for Better Use of Starch by Lambs

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gilmara Santos Guimarães ◽  
José Augusto Gomes Azevedo ◽  
Fernando Correia Cairo ◽  
Cristiane Simplício da Silva ◽  
Lígia Lins Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Intake ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Starch Utilization ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Corn Prices ◽  
Dry Diet ◽  
Storage Times ◽  
Average Body ◽  
Ground Corn

Abstract The objective of this study was to evaluate the nutritional and bioeconomic potential of corn silage, rehydrated ground grain corn silage (RCGS), at different storage times associated with proportions of concentrates for better starch utilization by sheep. Forty Dorper-Santa Inês crossbred sheep were used, with an average body weight of 24 kg ± 3.9 kg, and an average age of 60 days. The sheep were confined for 63 days and distributed entirely at random with eight sets of repetitions and five experimental diets: Diet 1: ground corn dry; Diet 2: proportion of 850 g / kg of concentrate + rehydrated ground grain corn silage (RCGS) stored for 45 days; Diet 3: proportion of 650 g / kg of concentrate + RCGS stored for 90 days; Diet 4: RCGS stored for 45 days + 650 g/kg concentrate; Diet 5: RCGS stocked with 90 + 850 g/kg concentrate. As roughage, silage corn whole plant. Starch intake was higher (P<0.05) with the dry ground corn diet, however, digestibility was lower (P<0.05) for most nutrients compared to the RCGS diet. A smaller amount of starch was found in the feces of animals that received the RCGS diet. RCGS stored for 45 days and the diet with 650 g/kg of concentrate generates greater net income, increases nutrient intake, it is an alternative during the fluctuation of corn prices.

scholarly journals INFLUÊNCIA DA UNIFORMIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO E NA RENTABILIDADE DE SILAGEM DE MILHO IRRIGADO

Irriga ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Flávio Gonçalves Oliveira ◽  
Roberth Gabriel Nobre Lopes ◽  
Fábio Gregory de Andrade Moreira ◽  
Flávio Pimenta de Figueiredo
Keyword(s):  
Irrigation System ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Net Income ◽  
System Productivity ◽  
Uniformity Coefficient ◽  
Irrigation Uniformity ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Silage Production

INFLUÊNCIA DA UNIFORMIDADE DE IRRIGAÇÃO NA PRODUÇÃO E NA RENTABILIDADE DE SILAGEM DE MILHO IRRIGADO  FLÁVIO GONÇALVES OLIVEIRA¹; ROBERTH GABRIEL NOBRE LOPES²; FÁBIO GREGORY DE ANDRADE MOREIRA³ E FLAVIO PIMENTA DE FIGUEIREDO4 ¹Doutor, Professor da UFMG – Montes Claros – MG – Brasil. Email: [email protected]. ²Engenheiro Agrícola e Ambiental. Email: [email protected]. ³Acadêmico de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental UFMG – Montes Claros - MG – Brasil. Email: [email protected]. 4Doutor, Professor da UFMG – Montes Claros – MG – Brasil. Email: [email protected].  1 RESUMO Avaliou-se a uniformidade de um sistema de irrigação por aspersão convencional, com um e com dois bocais, de determinado fabricante, na cultura do milho. Foram instalados 36 coletores espaçados entre si a uma distância de 3 metros e os coletores situados nas proximidades dos emissores estavam 1,5 metros distantes destes. Foram realizados dois testes de uniformidade, sendo o primeiro utilizando os aspersores com um bocal de 5,16mm, posteriormente, no segundo teste, foram utilizados outros aspersores de mesmo modelo porém com dois bocais (5,16mm x 2,38mm), ambos com mesma vazão e pressão de funcionamento.  Determinou-se ao final da cultura a produtividade da silagem produzida e consequentemente a rentabilidade da mesma produzida sob as duas condições de irrigação. A cultura do milho irrigado destinou-se a produção de silagem, momento o qual determinou-se as produtividades bem como a receita bruta em cada sistema, a partir do qual calculou-se a diferença de receita e  de rentabilidade nas duas situações estudadas. Os resultados encontrados mostram que o sistema com bocais duplos apresentou um Coeficiente de Uniformidade de Distribuição de 82%, sendo aproximadamente 32% mais uniforme que o sistema com bocal único. A produtividade do sistema com um bocal foi de 33,2T/ha,  enquanto a produtividade com dois bocais foi 26,5% maior, atingindo 42T/ha. O sistema de irrigação de maior uniformidade proporcionou renda liquida de R$2.200,00/ha a mais, ou seja, 26,5% mais rentável. Palavras-chave: uniformidade, milho irrigado, silagem.  OLIVEIRA, F. G.; LOPES, R. G. N; MOREIRA, F. G. A; FIGUEIREDO, F. P.INFLUENCE OF IRRIGATION UNIFORMITY IN THE PRODUCTION AND PROFITABILITY OF IRRIGATED CORN SILAGE  2 ABSTRACT  We evaluated the uniformity of an irrigation system sprinkle, with one and with two nozzles, of a particular manufacturer, in maize. Were installed 36 collectors spaced at a distance of 3 meters and collectors located near the issuers were 1.5 meters distant these. Two uniformity tests were performed, the first using the spray with a nozzle 5,16mm later in the second test, we used other sprinkler same model but with two nozzles (5,16mm x 2.38 mm). Was determined at the end of the culture the productivity of silage production and consequently the profitability of the same under both conditions irrigation. The corn cultived  was destined to silage production,  which the yield and the net income was determined in each system, from which we calculated the difference in revenue and profitability in both conditions studied. The results show that the system with dual nozzles presented a uniformity coefficient of Distribution of 82%, approximately 32% more uniform that system with single nozzle. The system productivity with a nozzle was 33,2T.ha-1, while productivity with two nozzles was 26.5% higher, reaching 42T.ha-1. The more uniform irrigation system provided net income of R$2,200.00/ha higher, or 26.5% more profitable. Keywords: uniformity, irrigated corn silage 

THE EFFECT OF SHADE STRESS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CORN FOR SILAGE VERSUS GRAIN

1986 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-60 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. M. N. MBEWE ◽  
R. B. HUNTER
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Light Stress ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Plant Yield ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stover Yield ◽  
Silage Quality ◽  
Silage Production

A field study was conducted near Guelph, Ontario, to investigate the effects of shade stress on the yield of corn grown for silage versus grain. The effects of shading on the quality of whole-plant corn silage were also examined. Shade was provided by two layers of fiberglass screen, which reduced the amount of light by approximately 65%. The shade treatments were applied during either the vegetative, reproductive or grain-filling stages of development. Shading at any stage reduced whole-plant dry matter (WPDM) yield at the silage corn harvest stage and the level of this reduction was relatively independent of the stage at which the shade was applied. Grain DM yield at the grain harvest stage was also reduced by light stress, with the greatest reduction resulting from light stress during the reproductive stage. However, for silage production, high stover yield compensated for the reduction in grain yield, resulting in little reduction in whole-plant yield. Shading during either the reproductive or filling stage reduced WPDM content due to reduced grain content and higher stover moisture content.Key words: Corn, silage quality, whole-plant corn silage

scholarly journals Effect of row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen fertilization on yield and yield components of soybean

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 221-236
Author(s):  
Reinhard W. Neugschwandtner ◽  
Johanna Winkler ◽  
Maria Bernhart ◽  
Michael A. Pucher ◽  
Martin Klug ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
One Year ◽  
Lower Plant

Summary Soybean crop management have not been studied much in Central Europe as compared with cereals. We assessed the effect of variety, row spacing, seeding rate and nitrogen (N) fertilization on yields and yield components of soybean in a two-year experiment in Gleisdorf, Austria. The varieties Lenka, Naya and Xonia were tested in row spacings of 13 cm, 38 cm and 76 cm with 30 germinable seeds m−2. Additionally, 60 seeds m−2 were tested at 13 cm row spacing, and 38 cm row spacing was additionally established with N fertilization. Faster soil coverage was obtained with a high seeding rate or narrower row spacings. First pod height differed between varieties and increased with higher seeding rate. Grain yield was not affected by treatments but yield components differed. The widest row spacing resulted in a lower plant density but more pods plant−1, grains plant−1, grains pod−1 (in one year) and a higher thousand kernel weight (TKW). The higher seeding rate resulted in a higher plant density but less pods plant−1 whereas grains pod−1 and TKW did not differ. N fertilization did not affect the grain yield. Correlation analysis showed a high adaptability of soybean to different seeding rates and row spacings through modulation of yield components.

scholarly journals Individual and Combined Effects of Planting Date, Seeding Rate, Relative Maturity, and Row Spacing on Soybean Yield

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 605
Author(s):  
Peder K. Schmitz ◽  
Hans J. Kandel
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Synergistic Effects ◽  
Canopy Cover ◽  
Planting Date ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Beginning Of Flowering

Planting date (PD), seeding rate (SR), relative maturity (RM) of cultivars, and row spacing (RS) are primary management factors affecting soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) yield. The individual and synergistic effects of PD, SR, RM, and RS on seed yield and agronomic characteristics in North Dakota were herein investigated. Early and late PD, early and late RM cultivars, two SR (408,000 and 457,000 seed ha−1), and two RS (30.5 and 61 cm) were evaluated in four total environments in 2019 and 2020. Maximizing green canopy cover prior to the beginning of flowering improved seed yield. Individual factors of early PD and narrow RS resulted in yield increase of 311 and 266 kg ha−1, respectively. The combined factors of early PD, late RM, high SR, and narrow RS improved yield by 26% and provided a $350 ha−1 partial profit over conventional practices. Canopy cover and yield had relatively weak relationships with r2 of 0.36, 0.23, 0.14, and 0.21 at the two trifoliolate, four trifoliolate, beginning of flowering, and beginning of pod formation soybean growth stages, respectively. Producers in the most northern soybean region of the USA should combine early planting, optimum RM cultivars, 457,000 seed ha−1 SR, and 31 cm RS to improve yield and profit compared to current management practices.

scholarly journals Effect of Row Spacing and Seeding Rate on Russian Thistle (Salsola tragus) in Spring Barley and Spring Wheat

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 126
Author(s):  
Judit Barroso ◽  
Nicholas G. Genna
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Biomass ◽  
Integrated Management ◽  
Spring Barley ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Seeding Rate

Russian thistle (Salsola tragus L.) is a persistent post-harvest issue in the Pacific Northwest (PNW). Farmers need more integrated management strategies to control it. Russian thistle emergence, mortality, plant biomass, seed production, and crop yield were evaluated in spring wheat and spring barley planted in 18- or 36-cm row spacing and seeded at 73 or 140 kg ha−1 in Pendleton and Moro, Oregon, during 2018 and 2019. Russian thistle emergence was lower and mortality was higher in spring barley than in spring wheat. However, little to no effect of row spacing or seeding rate was observed on Russian thistle emergence or mortality. Russian thistle seed production and plant biomass followed crop productivity; higher crop yield produced higher Russian thistle biomass and seed production and lower crop yield produced lower weed biomass and seed production. Crop yield with Russian thistle pressure was improved in 2018 with 18-cm rows or by seeding at 140 kg ha−1 while no effect was observed in 2019. Increasing seeding rates or planting spring crops in narrow rows may be effective at increasing yield in low rainfall years of the PNW, such as in 2018. No effect may be observed in years with higher rainfall than normal, such as in 2019.

scholarly journals Bacterial Succession Pattern during the Fermentation Process in Whole-Plant Corn Silage Processed in Different Geographical Areas of Northern China

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 900
Author(s):  
Chao Wang ◽  
Hongyan Han ◽  
Lin Sun ◽  
Na Na ◽  
Haiwen Xu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Inner Mongolia ◽  
Northern China ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Corn Silage ◽  
Shanxi Province ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Bacterial Succession ◽  
Fermentation Quality

Whole-plant corn silage is a predominant forage for livestock that is processed in Heilongjiang province (Daqing city and Longjiang county), Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (Helin county and Tumet Left Banner) and Shanxi province (Taigu and Shanyin counties) of North China; it was sampled at 0, 5, 14, 45 and 90 days after ensiling. Bacterial community and fermentation quality were analysed. During fermentation, the pH was reduced to below 4.0, lactic acid increased to above 73 g/kg DM (p < 0.05) and Lactobacillus dominated the bacterial community and had a reducing abundance after 14 days. In the final silages, butyric acid was not detected, and the contents of acetic acid and ammonia nitrogen were below 35 g/kg DM and 100 g/kg total nitrogen, respectively. Compared with silages from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia, silages from Shanxi contained less Lactobacillus and more Leuconostoc (p < 0.05), and had a separating bacterial community from 14 to 90 days. Lactobacillus was negatively correlated with pH in all the silages (p < 0.05), and positively correlated with lactic and acetic acid in silages from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia (p < 0.05). The results show that the final silages had satisfactory fermentation quality. During the ensilage process, silages from Heilongjiang and Inner Mongolia had similar bacterial-succession patterns; the activity of Lactobacillus formed and maintained good fermentation quality in whole-plant corn silage.

scholarly journals Effects of conservation agriculture on productivity and Economics of maize-wheat based cropping systems in midwestern Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-63
Author(s):  
K Pariyar ◽  
A Chaudhary ◽  
P Sapkota ◽  
S Sharma ◽  
CB Rana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Conservation Agriculture ◽  
Crop Productivity ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Zero Tillage ◽  
Higher Plant ◽  
Equivalent Yield

The effects of two tillage methods (zero tillage and conventional tillage), two residue managements (residue kept and residue removed) and two levels of cropping system (maize + soybean and sole maize) were studied over 3 years (2015-2017) at Dailekh district of Nepal. Arun-2 and Puja were the varieties of maize and soybean used respectively, followed by winter wheat. The results revealed that the maize + soybean system had significantly higher plant population and ear population (34.83 thousands ha-1 and 34.35 thousands ha-1, respectively), grains per row (37.1), ear length (16.6 cm) and 20.5% higher grain yield as compared to sole maize. The highest maize equivalent yield (7.92 t ha-1) was recorded in maize + soybean as compared to the lower grain yield equivalent (7.06 t ha-1) in sole maize. Zero tillage accounted relatively higher benefits (high net income and B:C ratio) as compared to conventional tillage. The residue kept plot resulted significantly higher B:C ratio (2.41) than the residue removed (2.11) and the maize + soybean recorded 82.5% greater B:C ratio compared to sole maize. Net annual income was significantly higher in zero tillage, residue kept and maize + soybean system (NRs. 223072.00, 222958.00 and 269016.00 ha-1 respectively). Such combinations are recommended for Dailekh district of Nepal to have profitable crop productivity. SAARC J. Agri., 17(1): 49-63 (2019)

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