PATHOGENICITY STUDIES WITH FUSARIUM POAE

1968 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 161-166 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. T. Bolton ◽  
V. W. Nuttall
Keyword(s):  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Sterile Filtrate

An isolate of Fusarium poae (Pk.) Wr. from diseased pea plants at Ottawa caused complete wilting and death of several varieties and species of legumes within 72 hours of root inoculation. Tip-wilting and severe stunting symptoms were produced on inoculated barley, but no symptoms developed on wheat and oats. A sterile filtrate from a suspension of conidia and mycelium was phytotoxic when applied to the roots of peas and beans. The fungus was able to persist for more than 8 weeks in soil containing decomposing pea plants.

scholarly journals Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to accessory chromosomes in Fusarium poae isolates

BMC Genomics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas E. Witte ◽  
Linda J. Harris ◽  
Hai D. T. Nguyen ◽  
Anne Hermans ◽  
Anne Johnston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Head Blight ◽  
Crop Yields ◽  
High Resolution Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Gene Clusters ◽  
Biosynthetic Gene ◽  
Metabolome Analysis ◽  
Head Blight ◽  
Eastern Canada ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Accessory Chromosomes

Abstract Background Fusarium head blight is a disease of global concern that reduces crop yields and renders grains unfit for consumption due to mycotoxin contamination. Fusarium poae is frequently associated with cereal crops showing symptoms of Fusarium head blight. While previous studies have shown F. poae isolates produce a range of known mycotoxins, including type A and B trichothecenes, fusarins and beauvericin, genomic analysis suggests that this species may have lineage-specific accessory chromosomes with secondary metabolite biosynthetic gene clusters awaiting description. Methods We examined the biosynthetic potential of 38 F. poae isolates from Eastern Canada using a combination of long-read and short-read genome sequencing and untargeted, high resolution mass spectrometry metabolome analysis of extracts from isolates cultured in multiple media conditions. Results A high-quality assembly of isolate DAOMC 252244 (Fp157) contained four core chromosomes as well as seven additional contigs with traits associated with accessory chromosomes. One of the predicted accessory contigs harbours a functional biosynthetic gene cluster containing homologs of all genes associated with the production of apicidins. Metabolomic and genomic analyses confirm apicidins are produced in 4 of the 38 isolates investigated and genomic PCR screening detected the apicidin synthetase gene APS1 in approximately 7% of Eastern Canadian isolates surveyed. Conclusions Apicidin biosynthesis is linked to isolate-specific putative accessory chromosomes in F. poae. The data produced here are an important resource for furthering our understanding of accessory chromosome evolution and the biosynthetic potential of F. poae.

scholarly journals Micronutrient Deficiencies and Stunting Were Associated with Socioeconomic Status in Indonesian Children Aged 6–59 Months

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1802
Author(s):  
Fitrah Ernawati ◽  
Ahmad Syauqy ◽  
Aya Yuriestia Arifin ◽  
Moesijanti Y. E. Soekatri ◽  
Sandjaja Sandjaja
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Hb Concentration

Micronutrient deficiencies and stunting are known as a significant problem in most developing countries, including Indonesia. The objective of this study was to analyze the association between micronutrient deficiencies and stunting with socioeconomic status (SES) among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months. This cross-sectional study was part of the South East Asian Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS). A total of 1008 Indonesian children were included in the study. Anemia, iron deficiency, vitamin A deficiency, vitamin D deficiency, and stunting were identified in this study. Structured questionnaires were used to measure SES. Differences between micronutrient parameters and anthropometric indicators with the SES groups were tested using one-way ANOVA with post-hoc test after adjusted for age, area resident (rural and urban), and sex. The highest prevalence of anemia, stunting, and severe stunting were found to be most significant in the lowest SES group at 45.6%, 29.3%, and 54.5%, respectively. Children from the lowest SES group had significantly lower means of Hb, ferritin, retinol, and HAZ. Severely stunted children had a significantly lower mean of Hb concentration compared to stunted and normal height children. Micronutrient deficiencies, except vitamin D, and stunting, were associated with low SES among Indonesian children aged 6–59 months.

scholarly journals Severe stunting and its associated factors among children aged 6–59 months in Ethiopia; multilevel ordinal logistic regression model

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amare Muche ◽  
Reta Dewau
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Wealth Index ◽  
Maternal Height ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Mothers And Children ◽  
Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

Abstract Background In Ethiopia, stunting is the most common form of undernutriton. Identifying the determinants of severe stunting among children is crucial for public health interventions to improve child health. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the determinants of severe stunting among under-five children in Ethiopia. Methods A community-based cross-sectional study design was employed. A two stage stratified cluster sampling technique was used. A multilevel ordinal logistic regression model was fitted to identify independent determinants. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) and median odds ratio (MOR) with its 95% confidence interval at p-value< 0.05 were used to declare statistical significance. Results The result of this study showed that about 18% of the children were severely stunted. Being male increased the severity of stunting in children by 26% adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 1.26 (95% CI: 1.09–1.46), compared to female sex; over-weight mothers increased the severity of stunting in their children AOR: 3.43 (95% CI: 2.21–5.33) compared to normal BMI mothers; and children from middle, poorer, and poorest wealth index households were 1.84 (95% CI:1.27–2.67), 2.13 (95% CI, CI:1.45–3.14) and 2.52 (95% CI,1.72–3.68). In contrast, severe stunting was reduced by 62% (AOR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.20–0.74) and 48% (AOR = 0.52, 95% CI: 0.37–0.72) in children of educated mothers compared to children of uneducated mothers and children of underweight mothers compared with those children of normal BMI mothers respectively. For each one-unit increase in maternal height, there is a 5% significant reduction in the child’s odds of being severely stunted. After controlling for other factors, the effect of predictors on the likelihood of stunting in high risk clusters increased by a median odds ratio (MOR) of 1.83 (95% CI: 1.69–2.00). Conclusions The magnitude of severe childhood stunting was still high with regional variation in Ethiopia. Child age, sex, maternal height, age, education and household wealth index as well as administrative regions were significantly associated factors with severe stunting. Significant interventions shall be implemented at the individual, household and community levels in order to reduce the problem.

scholarly journals Molecular characterization of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus and peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma associated with chickpea stunt disease and identification of new host crops and leafhopper vectors in India

3 Biotech ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Madem Gurivi Reddy ◽  
Virendra Kumar Baranwal ◽  
Doddachowdappa Sagar ◽  
Govind Pratap Rao
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Comparison ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Rflp Analysis ◽  
Dwarf Virus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
New Delhi ◽  
New Host ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Virtual Rflp

AbstractAn investigation was carried out to identify and characterize the phytoplasma and viruses associated with the chickpea varieties showing severe stunting, leaf reddening, yellowing and phyllody symptoms during the summer season of 2018–2019 and 2019–2020 in eight states of India. The average disease incidence was recorded from 3 to 32% in different states. The presence of chickpea chlorotic dwarf virus (CpCDV) was confirmed in thirty-seven chickpea samples by amplification of CpCDV coat protein gene and sequence comparison analysis. No record of association of luteovirus, polerovirus and cucumovirus could be detected in any of the symptomatic chickpea samples by RT-PCR assay. Brassica nigra, B. juncea, Lens culinaris, two weeds (Heteropogan contartus, Aeschynomene virginica) and one leafhopper (Amarasca biguttula) were identified as new putative hosts for CpCDV. Association of peanut witches’ broom phytoplasma was confirmed in twenty-eight chickpea samples, Sesamum indicum, five weeds hosts and two leafhopper species (Exitianus indicus, Empoasca motti) using nested PCR assays with primer pairs P1/P7 and R16F2n/R16Rn. The results of phytoplasma association in plants and leafhopper samples were further validated by using five multilocus genes (secA, rp, imp, tuf and secY) specific primers. Sequence comparison, phylogenetic and virtual RFLP analysis of 16S rRNA gene and five multilocus genes confirmed the identity of association of 16SrII-C and 16SrII-D subgroups of phytoplasmas strain with chickpea samples collected from Andhra Pradesh (AP), Telangana, Karnataka, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh and New Delhi. Mixed infection of phytoplasma (16SrII-D) and CpCDV was also detected in symptomatic chickpea samples from AP and Telangana. The reports of association of 16SrII-C subgroup phytoplasma in chickpea and 16SrII-D subgroup phytoplasma in C. sparsiflora and C. roseus are the new host records in world and from India, respectively.

scholarly journals The Childhood Growth of Twin Children

1995 ◽  
Vol 44 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 169-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Luke ◽  
S. Leurgans ◽  
L. Keith ◽  
D. Keith
Keyword(s):  
Gestational Age ◽  
Growth Retardation ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Growth ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Z Scores ◽  
Twin Children ◽  
Current Weight

AbstractThe objective of this study was to assess the childhood growth of twin children in terms of the effects of intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) and discordancy at birth on the incidence and severity of stunting and discordancy in current height and weight. The study was part of a cross-sectional field project conducted at the Annual Twins Days Festival in Twinsburg. Ohio, USA, during 1990, 1991, and 1993, and including all twin children between 2 and 12 years of age. Mothers of twins were interviewed regarding their children's birthweights and gestational age; the twin children were measured for their current heights and weights. The study population included 990 twin children, including 555 boys and 435 girls, of which there were 254 boy pairs and 194 girl pairs. Birthweight for gestational age and current weight and height were each converted into Z-scores and characterized as severe (Z-score <−2,0), or moderate IUGR or stunting (Z-score > −2.0 and < −1.2). For the present study discordancy in birthweight, and current height and weight was calculated for like-gender twin pairs. Only twin children with severe IUGR at birth showed an increased risk of stunting in their current height or weight, and this risk was only for moderate, not severe, stunting. Boy twins with severe IUGR at birth were at increased risk of moderate stunting in their current weight (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.55, 4.58, P = 0.002), while girl twins with severe IUGR at birth were at increased risk of moderate stunting in their current height (OR 4,09, 95% CI 1.49, 10.99, p = 0.003). Among like-gender twin pairs, there were no differences in mean or categories of birthweight or current weight discordancy, but boy twin pairs did show a significantly greater proportion of current weight discordancy compared to girl twin pairs (p = 0.005). Overall, there was a significant tendency for differences in height and weight between like-gender twin pairs to disappear over time, with the effect being greater for boy twin pairs. We conclude from these findings that twin children tend to overcome growth retardation and discordancy present at birth, and although children who had severe IUGR or discordancy at birth were more likely to have some residual moderate stunting or discordancy in height or weight, they still tended to be within normal values for their gender and current age.

Determinants of linear growth and predictors of severe stunting during infancy in rural Malawi

2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (12) ◽  
pp. 1364-1370 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Espo ◽  
T Kulmala ◽  
K Maleta ◽  
T Cullinan ◽  
M-L Salin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Linear Growth ◽  
Severe Stunting

scholarly journals Prevalence of Malnutrition (Overweight and Underweight) in Children Aged 10-13 Years in Schools in Manipal and Utopia, Karnataka

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 94
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Jahani
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Major Health ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Child Eating ◽  
Height For Age

Background. Malnutrition is a major health problem in India. It mostly affects children of school going age with serious health problems putting them at an increased risk for developing chronic diseases later in life. This study aims to study the prevalence of malnutrition (overweight and underweight) in children aged 10-13 years in schools in Manipal and Utopia, Karnataka. Materials and Methods. In this study, a total 400 students were studied. Their anthropometric measurements like height, weight, BMI and MUAC, dietary pattern, physical activity level, and child eating behavior. Questionnaire was used to note the student&rsquo;s information. The data collected was subjected to statistical analysis using SPSS version 21, Diet Cal, and Anthroplus1.0.4. Results. It was observed that in the childhood category 10-13 years there were 222 (55.5%) male and 178(44.5%) female. According to the BMI for age 53.4% of them falls under the normal category; 22.3% falls under the mild wasting category; About 18.3% falls under the obese category and 8% falls under the moderate wasting category. There is no students falling under the severe wasting and overweight category according to the BAZ classification. When the height for age was done for all the children, about 36.3% falls under normal height; About 35.5% falls under mild stunting; 19.3% falls under the moderate stunting; 8.3% falls under the severe stunting category; and 1% falls under tall category according to the HAZ classification. Conclusions. In conclusion, mild stunting and wasting was observed among children. There are no students falling under the severe wasting and overweight category according to the BAZ classification.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF STUNTING ON COGNITIVE AND MOTOR DEVELOPMENT IN TODDLER CHILDREN : LITERATURE REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-41
Author(s):  
Eva Supriatin ◽  
Diwa Agus Sudrajat ◽  
Firda Annisa R ◽  
Linlin Lindayani
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Development ◽  
Motor Development ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Physical Growth ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Memory Decline ◽  
Severe Stunting ◽  
Motor Movements ◽  
Selection Of

Stunting is a condition in which toddlers have less length or height compared to age. Stunting can affect physical growth, motor development, and motor activity. Children who experience motor skills are caused by obstacles to the muscle maturity process so that muscle ability is reduced. Many studies say there is a link between cognitive and motor development. Objective: To study the effect of stunting against cognitive and motor development in children toddlers. This study is a systematic review of the literature. The inclusion criteria for search studies were quantitative research, free full text, Indonesian, or English. Selection of published articles with a range of 2015-2020 and free full text, after reading the title of the article and looking at the inclusion criteria, then it is re-selected by looking at the sample criteria based on age and development, and an assessment is carried out using the JBI format. There is a stunning effect on the cognitive and motor development of children ages toddler. The results of the study stated that children who were stunted had an 11.98 times greater chance of having motor development below average. As well as the mild stunting category with cognitive development suspect there is a delay in toddlers, namely not being able to mention the type of color, differentiating the size of the object, mentioning gender, pairing known images. While the moderate stunting category with cognitive development suspect or experiencing delays can result in reduced brain cells by 15-20 percent. Toddlers who experience the severe stunting category with cognitive development suspect there is a delay, marked by slow maturity of nerve cells, slow motor movements, lack of intelligence, and slow social response. Stunting affects cognitive and motor development in children toddlers. Some of the impacts that arise are memory decline, inaccuracy in storing objects, delays in verbal and non-verbal, and delays in thinking.

scholarly journals The diversity of fungi colonizing necrotic inflorescence buds of rhododendron (Rhododendron L.)

2013 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-84 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Żołna ◽  
Barbara Kierpiec-Baran ◽  
Maria Kowalik
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Species ◽  
Trichoderma Viride ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Lower Number ◽  
Botanical Species ◽  
Fusarium Poae ◽  
Identification Of Fungi ◽  
Improved Cultivars ◽  
Genetically Determined

<p>The infection of rhododendron (<em>Rhododendron </em>L.) inflorescence buds caused by pathogenic fungi induces its browning, withering, and dieback. The identification of fungi causing the infection of rhododendron inflorescence buds can be a reason for creating new improved cultivars with genetically determined resistance to pathogens. The investigations were carried out in 2010–2011 on the collection of ornamental plants of the Faculty of Horticulture, University of Agriculture in Kraków. The material comprised infected inflorescence buds collected from nine newly bred taxa and one botanical species of rhododendron. 596 colonies of fungi belonging to 31 species were isolated from infected rhododendron inflorescence buds. The dominant species were: <em>Pestalotiopsis sydowiana</em>, <em>Truncatella truncata</em>, <em>Alternaria alternata</em>, <em>Phialophora asteris,</em> and <em>Trichoderma viride</em>, which constituted almost 74% of the isolated fungi population.<em> Boeremia exigua </em>var<em>. exigua</em>,<em> Epicoccum nigrum</em>, <em>Fusarium poae</em>, <em>Mammaria echinobotryoides</em>, <em>Paraphoma chrysanthemicola</em>, <em>Phialophora cyclaminis</em>,<em> Phoma eupyrena</em>, <em>Talaromyces wortmannii</em>, <em>Umbelopsis isabellina</em>, and other fungi were isolated in a lower number.</p><p>The results of mycological analysis confirm the diversity of species colonizing necrotic inflorescence buds of rhododendron.</p>.

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