The effect of N, P, S fertilizer, temperature and precipitation on the yield of bromegrass and alfalfa pasture established on a Luvisolic soil

This study was conducted over a 12-yr period to determine the effect of N, P, and S (elemental) fertilizers on yield of bromegrass (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and alfalfa (Medicago media Pers.) pasture established on a Gray Wooded, Luvisolic soil (Waitville loam) in northeastern Saskatchewan. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at 0, 45, and 90 kg N ha−1 in combination with phosphate fertilizer applied at 0 and 20 kg P ha−1. Two additional treatments combined 90 N + 20 P (kg ha−1) with 23 S and 45 S (kg ha−1). In the first 3 yr of the study, only the application of N increased yields, from 2.54 to 3.45 t ha−1. The combination of time (years 1978–1980) and N fertilizer applied up to the rate of 90 kg N ha−1 resulted in a reduction in percentage alfalfa in the sward from 30.9 to 3.8% (Yr × N interaction). Over the 12-yr period, N increased average herbage yield from 1.99 to 2.95 t ha−1; P, from 2.23 to 3.05 t ha−1 and S from 3.48 to 4.19 t ha−1, respectively. The interaction effects of N × Yr, P × Yr and S × Yr all were significant indicating a wide range of response to the fertilizer elements among years. Herbage yield was positively related to total precipitation and negatively to mean maximum temperature for the months of May, June and July. The highest yield (7.49 t ha−1) was obtained with fertilizer (90N-20P-23S kg ha−1), 220 mm of rainfall (May, June and July) with an average maximum temperature of 19.7 °C. The lowest yield (0.84 t ha−1) was obtained with a control (no fertilizer), 160 mm of rainfall and average maximum temperature of 25.2 °C (fertilizer × temperature-precipitation interaction). Results of this study suggest that a rise in average temperature without a corresponding increase in precipitation, would produce a significant drop in bromegrass herbage yield. Key words: Pasture, nutrients, alfalfa, bromegrass, temperature, precipitation

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Impact Of Temperature and Sunshine Duration on Daily New Cases and Death due to COVID-19

10.1101/2020.06.13.20130138 ◽

2020 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Swati Thangariyal ◽

Aayushi Rastogi ◽

Arvind Tomar ◽

Ajeet Bhadoria ◽

Sukriti Baweja

Keyword(s):

Sunshine Duration ◽

Ecological Factors ◽

Critical Issue ◽

Climatic Conditions ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Climate Indicators ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Average Maximum Temperature ◽

Average Minimum Temperature

AbstractBackgroundThe coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) control has now become a critical issue for public health. Many ecological factors are proven to influence the transmission and survival of the virus. In this study, we aim to determine the association of different climate factors with the spread and mortality due to COVID-19.MethodsThe climate indicators included in the study were duration of sunshine, average minimum temperature and average maximum temperature, with cumulative confirmed cases, deceased and recovered cases. The data was performed for 138 different countries of the world, between January 2020 to May 2020. Both univariate and multivariate was performed for cumulative and month-wise analysis using SPSS software.ResultsThe average maximum temperature, and sunshine duration was significantly associated with COVID-19 confirmed cases, deceased and recovered. For every one degree increase in mean average temperature, the confirmed, deceased and recovered cases decreased by 2047(p=0.03), 157(p=0.016), 743 (p=0.005) individuals. The association remained significant even after adjusting for environmental such as sunshine duration as well as non-environmental variables. Average sunshine duration was inveserly correlated with increase in daily new cases (ρ= -2261) and deaths (ρ= -0.2985).ConclusionHigher average temperature and longer sunshine duration was strongly associated with COVID-19 cases and deaths in 138 countries. Hence the temperature is an important factor in SARS CoV-2 survival and this study will help in formulating better preventive measures to combat COVID-19 based on their climatic conditions.

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The effect of average temperature on suicide rates in five urban California counties, 1999–⁠2019: an ecological time series analysis

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11001-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Sierra Cheng ◽

Rebecca Plouffe ◽

Stephanie M. Nanos ◽

Mavra Qamar ◽

David N. Fisman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Suicide Rate ◽

Minimum Temperature ◽

The United States ◽

Additive Models ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Mortality Data ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Suicide Rates ◽

Average Maximum

Abstract Background Suicide is among the top 10 leading causes of premature morality in the United States and its rates continue to increase. Thus, its prevention has become a salient public health responsibility. Risk factors of suicide transcend the individual and societal level as risk can increase based on climatic variables. The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the association between average temperature and suicide rates in the five most populous counties in California using mortality data from 1999 to 2019. Methods Monthly counts of death by suicide for the five counties of interest were obtained from CDC WONDER. Monthly average, maximum, and minimum temperature were obtained from nCLIMDIV for the same time period. We modelled the association of each temperature variable with suicide rate using negative binomial generalized additive models accounting for the county-specific annual trend and monthly seasonality. Results There were over 38,000 deaths by suicide in California’s five most populous counties between 1999 and 2019. An increase in average temperature of 1 °C corresponded to a 0.82% increase in suicide rate (IRR = 1.0082 per °C; 95% CI = 1.0025–1.0140). Estimated coefficients for maximum temperature (IRR = 1.0069 per °C; 95% CI = 1.0021–1.0117) and minimum temperature (IRR = 1.0088 per °C; 95% CI = 1.0023–1.0153) were similar. Conclusion This study adds to a growing body of evidence supporting a causal effect of elevated temperature on suicide. Further investigation into environmental causes of suicide, as well as the biological and societal contexts mediating these relationships, is critical for the development and implementation of new public health interventions to reduce the incidence of suicide, particularly in the face increasing temperatures due to climate change.

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Impact of Climate Change on Water Availability and Food Security of Nepal

Hydro Nepal Journal of Water Energy and Environment ◽

10.3126/hn.v11i1.7206 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 59-63

Author(s):

Roshan Kumar Mehta ◽

Shree Chandra Shah

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Crop Production ◽

Climatic Factors ◽

Monsoon Season ◽

Groundwater Table ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Aquatic Life ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Water Scarce

The increase in the concentration of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere is widely believed to be causing climate change. It affects agriculture, forestry, human health, biodiversity, and snow cover and aquatic life. Changes in climatic factors like temperature, solar radiation and precipitation have potential to influence agrobiodiversity and its production. An average of 0.04°C/ year and 0.82 mm/year rise in annual average maximum temperature and precipitation respectively from 1975 to 2006 has been recorded in Nepal. Frequent droughts, rise in temperature, shortening of the monsoon season with high intensity rainfall, severe floods, landslides and mixed effects on agricultural biodiversity have been experienced in Nepal due to climatic changes. A survey done in the Chitwan District reveals that lowering of the groundwater table decreases production and that farmers are attracted to grow less water consuming crops during water scarce season. The groundwater table in the study area has lowered nearly one meter from that of 15 years ago as experienced by the farmers. Traditional varieties of rice have been replaced in the last 10 years by modern varieties, and by agricultural crops which demand more water for cultivation. The application of groundwater for irrigation has increased the cost of production and caused severe negative impacts on marginal crop production and agro-biodiversity. It is timely that suitable adaptive measures are identified in order to make Nepalese agriculture more resistant to the adverse impacts of climate change, especially those caused by erratic weather patterns such as the ones experienced recently.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hn.v11i1.7206 Hydro Nepal Special Issue: Conference Proceedings 2012 pp.59-63

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Homogeneity Test and Correction of Daily Temperature and Precipitation Data (1978–2015) in North China

Advances in Meteorology ◽

10.1155/2018/4712538 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2018 ◽

pp. 1-17 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Lingling Shen ◽

Li Lu ◽

Tianjie Hu ◽

Runsheng Lin ◽

Ji Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Large Scale ◽

North China ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Homogeneity Test ◽

Climate Data ◽

Average Temperature ◽

Temperature And Precipitation ◽

Daily Data ◽

Before And After ◽

Annual Average Temperature

Homogeneity of climate data is the basis for quantitative assessment of climate change. By using the MASH method, this work examined and corrected the homogeneity of the daily data including average, minimum, and maximum temperature and precipitation during 1978–2015 from 404/397 national meteorological stations in North China. Based on the meteorological station metadata, the results are analyzed and the differences before and after homogenization are compared. The results show that breakpoints are present pervasively in these temperature data. Most of them appeared after 2000. The stations with a host of breakpoints are mainly located in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei Province, where meteorological stations are densely distributed. The numbers of breakpoints in the daily precipitation series in North China during 1978–2015 also culminated in 2000. The reason for these breakpoints, called inhomogeneity, may be the large-scale replacement of meteorological instruments after 2000. After correction by the MASH method, the annual average temperature and minimum temperature decrease by 0.04°C and 0.06°C, respectively, while the maximum temperature increases by 0.01°C. The annual precipitation declines by 0.96 mm. The overall trends of temperature change before and after the correction are largely consistent, while the homogeneity of individual stations is significantly improved. Besides, due to the correction, the majority series of the precipitation are reduced and the correction amplitude is relatively large. During 1978–2015, the temperature in North China shows a rise trend, while the precipitation tends to decrease.

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Exploring the Sensitivity of Subtropical Stand Aboveground Productivity to Local and Regional Climate Signals in South China

Forests ◽

10.3390/f10010071 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 71 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Hua Zhou ◽

Yang Luo ◽

Guang Zhou ◽

Jian Yu ◽

Sher Shah ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Regional Climate ◽

Mixed Forest ◽

Single Species ◽

Forest Productivity ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Forest Types ◽

Monthly Average ◽

Aboveground Productivity ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Average Maximum Temperature

Subtropical forest productivity is significantly affected by both natural disturbances (local and regional climate changes) and anthropogenic activities (harvesting and planting). Monthly measures of forest aboveground productivity from natural forests (primary and secondary forests) and plantations (mixed and single-species forests) were developed to explore the sensitivity of subtropical mountain productivity to the fluctuating characteristics of climate change in South China, spanning the 35-year period from 1981 to 2015. Statistical analysis showed that climate regulation differed across different forest types. The monthly average maximum temperature, precipitation, and streamflow were positively correlated with primary and mixed-forest aboveground net primary productivity (ANPP) and its components: Wood productivity (WP) and canopy productivity (CP). However, the monthly average maximum temperature, precipitation, and streamflow were negatively correlated with secondary and single-species forest ANPP and its components. The number of dry days and minimum temperature were positively associated with secondary and single-species forest productivity, but inversely associated with primary and mixed forest productivity. The multivariate ENSO (EI Niño-Southern Oscillation) index (MEI), computed based on sea level pressure, surface temperature, surface air temperature, and cloudiness over the tropical Pacific Ocean, was significantly correlated with local monthly maximum and minimum temperatures (Tmax and Tmin), precipitation (PRE), streamflow (FLO), and the number of dry days (DD), as well as the monthly means of primary and mixed forest aboveground productivity. In particular, the mean maximum temperature increased by 2.5, 0.9, 6.5, and 0.9 °C, and the total forest aboveground productivity decreased by an average of 5.7%, 3.0%, 2.4%, and 7.8% in response to the increased extreme high temperatures and drought events during the 1986/1988, 1997/1998, 2006/2007, and 2009/2010 EI Niño periods, respectively. Subsequently, the total aboveground productivity values increased by an average of 1.1%, 3.0%, 0.3%, and 8.6% because of lagged effects after the wet La Niña periods. The main conclusions of this study demonstrated that the influence of local and regional climatic fluctuations on subtropical forest productivity significantly differed across different forests, and community position and plant diversity differences among different forest types may prevent the uniform response of subtropical mountain aboveground productivity to regional climate anomalies. Therefore, these findings may be useful for forecasting climate-induced variation in forest aboveground productivity as well as for selecting tree species for planting in reforestation practices.

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The safety of dental extractions in patients with hematologic malignancies.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1989.7.6.798 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 7 (6) ◽

pp. 798-802 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

S K Williford ◽

P L Salisbury ◽

J E Peacock ◽

J M Cruz ◽

B L Powell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Wound Healing ◽

Myeloproliferative Disorders ◽

Hematologic Malignancies ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Average Maximum Temperature ◽

Sources Of Infection ◽

The Mean ◽

Risk For Bleeding ◽

Dental Infections

Dental disorders have been recognized as major sources of infection in patients with hematologic malignancies (HM). Management of severe dental infections usually includes dental extractions (DE), but the safety of extractions in patients with HM who are at risk for bleeding, sepsis, and poor wound healing has not been well established. In conjunction with an aggressive program of dental care, 142 DE were performed in 26 patients with acute leukemia, myelodysplastic syndromes, and myeloproliferative disorders. Granulocytopenia (less than 1,000 granulocytes/microL) was present during or within ten days following surgery in 14 patients. In these 14 patients (101 DE), the mean granulocyte count was less than 450/microL, with a median duration of granulocytopenia following surgery of 32 days (range, four to 169 days). Thrombocytopenia (less than 100,000 platelets/microL) occurred during or within two days following surgery in 13 patients (80 DE), with a mean platelet count of 63,500/microL. Transfusions were given for platelet counts less than 50,000/microL. All DE were performed without significant complications. Bleeding was minor to moderate and easily controlled with local measures; no patient required transfusion due to hemorrhage. Average maximum temperature 24 hours after DE was 37.7 degrees C. No episodes of bacteremia were documented within ten days of DE. Minor delay in wound healing was observed in two patients. We conclude that DE can be safely performed in patients with HM in combination with aggressive supportive care.

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Influence of season and environment on fertility of goats in a hot-arid environment

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859601001630 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 138 (1) ◽

pp. 97-102 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

M. MELLADO ◽

C. A. MEZA-HERRERA

Keyword(s):

Arid Environment ◽

Conception Rate ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Mean Annual Precipitation ◽

Ambient Temperatures ◽

Northern Mexico ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Average Maximum Temperature ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Breeding Efficiency

Conception rate and prolificacy of dairy and crossbred goats under intensive conditions in an arid environment of northern Mexico (26° 06′ 15′′ N; maximum temperature throughout the year 12–42 °C, mean annual precipitation 186 mm, and RH <40% year-round) were examined with respect to season of mating, ambient temperature and rainfall at mating. The database contained 4194 natural services. Conception of goats inseminated with average maximum ambient temperatures >34 °C was significantly higher (P<0·01) than conception of goats inseminated when the average maximum temperature 3 days before breeding was <34 °C. The warmest season favoured conception rate (70% in spring; P<0·01) as compared to cooler seasons (62% and 64% for summer and autumn, respectively). Conception rate of goats bred when rain was present was 14 percentage points lower (P<0·01) compared to mating with no rain. When maximum temperatures on the day of mating were >34 °C, cooler temperatures 1 to 3 days before or after the day of mating were associated with a significant increase in the number of kids born. When the maximum temperature at mating was >36 °C, prolificacy for goats exposed to higher or lower temperatures 1 day before mating was 1·56 and 1·65, respectively (P<0·05). Similarly, when the maximum temperature at mating was 34–36 °C, prolificacy was higher for goats exposed to cooler temperatures as compared to warmer temperatures 1 day (1·64 v. 1·49; P<0·01) or 3 days (1·63 v. 1·48; P<0·01) after mating, with respect to the temperature on the day of mating. Conclusions were that conception rate was not compromised in non-lactating Alpine, Toggenburg, Granadino and Nubian goats subjected to high environmental temperature in an arid region, but the occurrence of rain at mating depressed breeding efficiency of these animals. Additionally, an increment in litter size is expected with cooler temperatures before or after hot days at time of mating.

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Research on Heat Transfer and Environmental Impact of Horizontal Ground Heat Exchangers in Multi-Grooves

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.516-517.395 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 516-517 ◽

pp. 395-400

Author(s):

Zhong Yi Yu ◽

Yan Hua Chen ◽

Min Rui Zhou ◽

Jian Ping Lei

Keyword(s):

Heat Transfer ◽

Heat Exchangers ◽

Temperature Drop ◽

Heat Extraction ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Pump System ◽

Heat Pump System ◽

Ground Heat Exchangers ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Average Maximum Temperature

This paper progresses to dynamically simulate and study the heat transfer process of horizontal ground heat exchangers in the multi-grooves by the use of numerical simulation based on the layout and heat extraction or rejection conditions of horizontal ground heat exchangers under the artificial lake. Effect of buried pipe type and groove spacing on the heat exchanger process is analyzed in detail. The influence of annual average water temperature change on the surrounding environment is evaluated with the introduction of parameters including summer weekly average maximum temperature rise and winter weekly average maximum temperature drop, in which can take the technical supports for the design of horizontal ground source heat pump system.

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THE ANALYSIS OF SOIL TEMPERATURES IN DIFFERENT DEPTHS USING SPEARMAN’S RHO AND MANN-KENDALL CORRELATION TESTS: THE CASE STUDY OF NIGDE CENTER IN TURKEY

International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research ◽

10.29121/ijetmr.v7.i5.2020.679 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (5) ◽

pp. 38-55

Author(s):

M. Cüneyt Bagdatlı ◽

Yiğitcan Ballı

Keyword(s):

Soil Temperature ◽

Soil Depth ◽

Research Result ◽

Significant Trend ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Soil Temperatures ◽

Average Maximum Temperature ◽

Maximum Temperatures ◽

Kendall Correlation

This research was conducted to determine soil temperatures in different soil depths in located Turkey’s Anatolia Region in Center of Nigde Province. In the study, the maximum, minimum and average soil temperature values of 10 cm, 50 cm and 100 cm depths observed between 1970-2019 were examined. All soil temperature data were evaluated monthly within the scope of the study. In the study, Mann-Kendall, Sperman's Rho correlation test and Sen's slope method were used. According to the research result; The average of maximum soil temperatures in 10 cm depth was calculated as 6,8 0C in winter months and 20,7 0C in spring months. The average minimum soil temperature was calculated as 0,3 0C in winter and 5,0 0C in spring Months in long periods Generally, it was observed that there was an increasingly significant trend at maximum temperatures of 10 cm depth. According to the Mann-Kendal facility, a significant increase trend was observed in minimum soil temperatures in spring, winter and Summer months except for the months of autumn. Considering the average maximum temperature values in 50 cm; It was calculated as 6,6 °C in winter and 13,6 °C in spring months. The minimum soil temperature average was calculated as 3,5 0C in winter and 8,3 0C in spring months in long period (50 year, 600 months). In general, it was observed that there was an increasingly significant trend at maximum temperatures of 50 cm soil depth. According to Mann-Kendall and Sperman Rho test, a significant increase trend was observed in minimum soil temperatures in all seasons except for autumn months. According to the average maximum temperature values in 100 cm depth; It was calculated as 9,2 0C in winter and 11,5 0C in spring. The minimum soil temperature average was calculated as 7,1 0C in winter and 8.7 0C in spring months. It has been observed that there is a significant increase trend in the increasing of maximum and minimum soil temperatures of 100 cm soil depth.

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Sensitivity of wheat yields to rise in growing season temperature: Evidences from panel data analysis

Journal of Agrometeorology ◽

10.54386/jam.v22i2.167 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (2) ◽

pp. 191-197

Author(s):

K. PHILIP ◽

S.S. ASHA DEVI ◽

G.K. JHA ◽

B.M.K. RAJU ◽

B. SEN ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Climate Change ◽

Panel Data ◽

Growing Season ◽

Maximum Temperature ◽

Data Set ◽

Impact Of Climate Change ◽

Average Maximum ◽

Wide Range ◽

Potential Impact ◽

The Impact

The impact of climate change on agriculture is well studied yet there is scope for improvement as crop specific and location specific impacts need to be assessed realistically to frame adaptation and mitigation strategies to lessen the adverse effects of climate change. Many researchers have tried to estimate potential impact of climate change on wheat yields using indirect crop simulation modeling techniques. Here, this study estimated the potential impact of climate change on wheat yields using a crop specific panel data set from 1981 to 2010,for six major wheat producing states. The study revealed that 1°C increase in average maximum temperature during the growing season reduces wheat yield by 3 percent. Major share of wheat growth and yield (79%) is attributed to increase in usage of physical inputs specifically fertilizers, machine labour and human labour. The estimated impact was lesser than previously reported studies due to the inclusion of wide range of short-term adaptation strategies to climate change. The results reiterate the necessity of including confluent factors like physical inputs while investigating the impact of climate factors on crop yields.

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