Comparative effects of grain lentil–wheat and monoculture wheat on crop production, N economy and N fertility in a Brown Chernozem

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 1091-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
V. O. Biederbeck ◽  
A. J. Leyshon
Keyword(s):  
N Mineralization ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Commodity Prices ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Fertilizer N

Low commodity prices and a desire by producers on the Canadian Prairies to reduce fertilizer-N inputs have resulted in a marked increase in grain lentil (Lens culinaris medikus) production. Many producers grow lentil in rotation with spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). A 12-yr study carried out at Swift Current, Saskatchewan, on an Orthic Brown Chernozemic silt loam was used to compare the N economy of four monoculture wheat rotations, of various rotation lengths and levels of N fertilization, with that of a wheat–lentil (W–Len) rotation. Except for continuous wheat (Cont W) receiving mainly P fertilizer, all systems received N and P on the basis of soil tests. Neither grain nor straw yield of the associated wheat crop was influenced by lentil in the rotation; but grain- and straw-N concentrations of the wheat in W–Len were increased compared with those of monoculture wheat. Average N content of straw was greatest for grain lentil and for wheat grown on fallow (F) (14.2 kg ha−1 yr−1), followed by wheat in W–Len (11.8 kg ha−1 yr−1) and by stubble-wheat of well-fertilized monoculture systems (F–W–W and Cont W (9.5 kg ha−1 yr−1)), and lowest for Cont W receiving mainly P (5.7 kg ha−1 yr−1). Nitrate N in the root zone (0–90 cm) in spring and at harvest was greatest under F–W, followed by W–Len and then by F–W–W and Cont W receiving N and P, and lowest for Cont W receiving mainly P. In the last 5 or 6 yr of study, there was a marked increase in the amount of soil-NO3 N found in the root zone under the W–Len rotation. This was accompanied by a similar increase in the apparent net N mineralized (estimated by N balance) during the growing season. Concomitantly, there was a gradual reduction in the fertilizer-N requirement for W–Len, indicating a cumulative enhancement of the N-supplying power of the soil, although estimates of the initial potential rate of N mineralization on samples taken in 1990 did not confirm this trend. We concluded that soil-testing laboratories may need to adjust fertilizer-N recommendations downward for producers that regularly use a 2-yr W–Len rotation. There was less NO3 N leached below the root zone of W–Len, probably because there was greater synchrony of N uptake in W–Len than in Cont W (N + P); this augurs well for the use of the W–Len rotation for sustainability.Key words: Crop rotations, pulse crops, N mineralization, N fixation, N leaching

Nitrate leaching as influenced by fertilization in the Brown soil zone

1993 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 387-397 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. A. Campbell ◽  
R. P. Zentner ◽  
F. Selles ◽  
O. O. Akinremi
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Brown Soil ◽  
Soil Zone ◽  
N Rates

The possibility of nitrates being leached into groundwater supplies from improper use of fertilizers is a concern to society. Two experiments were conducted on a loam soil in the Brown soil zone at Swift Current, Saskatchewan. In the first experiment, continuous wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), grown under various fertilizer-N management systems and with and without cereal trap strips (tall stubble, 0.4–0.6 m) to capture snow and enhance soil-moisture storage, was compared with short stubble cut at the standard height (0.15–0.2 m). Prior to seeding in spring 1991, tall stubble had stored 14.7 ha-cm of soil moisture at 0–1.2-m depth compared with 10.9 ha-cm under short-stubble treatment. Because growing-season precipitation in 1991 was much higher than normal (302 mm from 1 May to 31 My), considerable NO3-N was leached below the rooting zone of wheat (1.2 m), particularly in the tall-stubble treatment. Leaching patterns were as expected in short stubble, with major leaching occurring only at the highest N rate (125 kg ha−1), where yield and N-uptake response had levelled off. However, in tall stubble, the amount of NO3-N leached beyond the root zone under the 0 and 25 kg N ha−1 rates was similar to that under the 125 kg N ha−1 rate. This result was attributed to poor tillering obtained at low N rates, which contributed to lower evapotranspiration, thereby permitting more moisture to be leached and enhancing N mineralization. When we used a leaching model (NLEAP) to simulate our results, it gave lower estimates of NO3 leached and did not reveal the interaction of NO3-N leaching with N rates that was observed under tall stubble. The second experiment measured soil NO3-N distribution to 2.4 m under two fallow–wheat–wheat systems after a 24-yr period. One system received only N, the other, N + P fertilizer. The results corroborated those obtained under tall stubble in the first experiment: the poorly fertilized system had the most NO3-N below the root zone. The results of this study suggest that the key to reducing nitrate leaching is the adoption of proper fertilization practices, since too little fertilization may potentially be as detrimental to groundwater pollution as too much. Key words: Fertilizer N, N uptake, snow management, crop rotations, NO3 leaching

scholarly journals FATE OF APPLIED NITROGEN FERTILIZER ON OREGON CRANBERRIES.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1148c-1148
Author(s):  
Kris L. Wilder ◽  
J. M. Hart ◽  
Arthur Poole ◽  
David D. Myrold
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Sulfate ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Ion Exchange Resin ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Vegetative Biomass ◽  
Initial Results

Little work has been done to establish the rate and timing of nitrogen fertilizer applications to optimize return from fertilizer expenditures and minimize potential for ground and surface water pollution in Oregon cranberries (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.). Predicting cranberry N requirements is difficult because cranberries require little N and soil tests for N are not helpful for perennial crops, especially when grown in shallow sandy soils. We used 15N-labeled ammonium sulfate to measure both plant uptake and movement of fertilizer N in a south coastal Oregon cranberry bed. A bed planted to the Stevens variety was fertilized with 15N-labelled ammonium sulfate at two rates (18 kg/ha and 36 kg/ha) applied at five phonological stages: popcorn, hook, flowering, early bud, and late bud. Plant N uptake and translocation were measured throughout the growing season in uprights, flowers, berries, and roots, Initial results indicate that when N was applied at popcorn stage approximately 12% of the N was present in the above-ground vegetative biomass at harvest. Incorporation of fertilizer N into the duff and mineral soil was measured. An estimate of fertilizer N leaching was made by trapping inorganic N below the root zone using ion exchange resin bags.

Field Measurements and Simulation of Nitrogen Fate under Citrus Production

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 498c-498
Author(s):  
A. Fares ◽  
A.K. Alva ◽  
S. Paramasivam
Keyword(s):  
Mass Balance ◽  
Best Management Practices ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Citrus Production

Water and nitrogen (N) are important inputs for most crop production. The main objectives of nitrogen best management practices (NBMP) are to improve N and water management to maximize the uptake efficiency and minimize the leaching losses. This require a complete understanding of fate of N and water mass balance within and below the root zone of the crop in question. The fate of nitrogen applied for citrus production in sandy soils (>95% sand) was simulated using a mathematical model LEACHM (Leaching Estimation And Chemistry Model). Nitrogen removal in harvested fruits and storage in the tree accounted the major portion of the applied N. Nitrogen volatilization mainly as ammonia and N leaching below the root zone were the next two major components of the N mass balance. A proper irrigation scheduling based on continuous monitoring of the soil water content in the rooting was used as a part of the NBMP. More than 50% of the total annual leached water below the root zone was predicted to occur in the the rainy season. Since this would contribute to nitrate leaching, it is recomended to avoid N application during the rainy season.

scholarly journals Biosolids Benefit Yield and Nitrogen Uptake in Winter Cereals without Excess Risk of N Leaching

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1482
Author(s):  
Silvia Pampana ◽  
Alessandro Rossi ◽  
Iduna Arduini
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Specific Rate ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Cereals

Winter cereals are excellent candidates for biosolid application because their nitrogen (N) requirement is high, they are broadly cultivated, and their deep root system efficiently takes up mineral N. However, potential N leaching from BS application can occur in Mediterranean soils. A two-year study was conducted to determine how biosolids affect biomass and grain yield as well as N uptake and N leaching in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), durum wheat (Triticum turgidum L. var. durum), and oat (Avena byzantina C. Koch). Cereals were fertilized at rates of 5, 10, and 15 Mg ha−1 dry weight (called B5, B10, and B15, respectively) of biosolids (BS). Mineral-fertilized (MF) and unfertilized (C) controls were included. Overall, results highlight that BS are valuable fertilizers for winter cereals as these showed higher yields with BS as compared to control. Nevertheless, whether 5 Mg ha−1 of biosolids could replace mineral fertilization still depended on the particular cereal due to the different yield physiology of the crops. Moreover, nitrate leaching from B5 was comparable to MF, and B15 increased the risk by less than 30 N-NO3 kg ha−1. We therefore concluded that with specific rate settings, biosolid application can sustain yields of winter cereals without significant additional N leaching as compared to MF.

scholarly journals Residual effect of clover-rich leys on soil nitrogen and successive grain crops

2008 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 73 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. NYKÄNEN ◽  
A. GRANSTEDT ◽  
L. JAUHIAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Clayey Soil ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Residual Effect ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Biological N Fixation

Legume-based leys form the basis for crop rotations in organic farming as they fix nitrogen (N) from the atmosphere for the succeeding crops. The age, yield, C:N, biological N fixation (BNF) and total N of red clover-grass leys were studied for their influence on yields, N uptake and N use efficiency (NUE) of the two sequential cereal crops planted after the leys. Mineral N in deeper soil (30-90 cm) was measured to determine N leaching risk. Altogether, four field experiments were carried out in 1994-1998 at two sites. The age of the ley had no significant effect on the yields and N uptake of the two subsequent cereals. Surprisingly, the residual effect of the leys was negligible, at 0–20 kg N ha-1yr-1. On the other hand, the yield and C:N of previous red clover-grass leys, as well as BNF-N and total-N incorporated into the soil influenced subsequent cereals. NUEs of cereals after ley incorporation were rather high, varying from 30% to 80%. This might indicate that other factors, such as competition from weeds, prevented maximal growth of cereals. The mineral N content deeper in the soil was mostly below 10 kg ha-1 in the sandy soil of Juva, but was 5-25 kg ha-1 in clayey soil of Mietoinen.;

Performance of nitrate compared with urea fertilizer in a semiarid climate of the northern Great Plains

2019 ◽  
Vol 99 (3) ◽  
pp. 345-355
Author(s):  
Richard E. Engel ◽  
Carlos M. Romero ◽  
Patrick Carr ◽  
Jessica A. Torrion
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
N Recovery ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Total N ◽  
Semiarid Regions

Fertilizer NO3-N may represent a benefit over NH4-N containing sources in semiarid regions where rainfall is often not sufficient to leach fertilizer-N out of crop rooting zones, denitrification concerns are not great, and when NH3 volatilization concerns exist. The objective of our study was to contrast plant-N derived from fertilizer-15N (15Ndff), fertilizer-15N recovery (F15NR), total N uptake, grain yield, and protein of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) from spring-applied NaNO3 relative to urea and urea augmented with urease inhibitor N-(n-butyl)thiophosphoric triamide (NBPT). We established six fertilizer-N field trials widespread within the state of Montana between 2012 and 2017. The trials incorporated different experimental designs and 15N-labeled fertilizer-N sources, including NaNO3, NH4NO3, urea, and urea + NBPT. Overall, F15NR and 15Ndff in mature crop biomass were significantly greater for NaNO3 than urea or urea + NBPT (P < 0.05). Crop 15Ndff averaged 53.8%, 43.9%, and 44.7% across locations for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Likewise, crop F15NR averaged 52.2%, 35.8%, and 38.6% for NaNO3, urea, and urea + NBPT, respectively. Soil 15N recovered in the surface layer (0–15 cm) was lower for NaNO3 compared with urea and urea + NBPT. Wheat grain yield and protein were generally not sensitive to improvements in 15Ndff, F15NR, or total N uptake. Our study hypothesis that NaNO3 would result in similar or better performance than urea or urea + NBPT was confirmed. Use of NO3-N fertilizer might be an alternative strategy to mitigate fertilizer-N induced soil acidity in semiarid regions of the northern Great Plains.

The effect of irrigation on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of two willow (Salixspp.) biomass energy varieties

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (3) ◽  
pp. 563-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Hangs ◽  
J. J. Schoenau ◽  
K. C. J. Van Rees ◽  
J. D. Knight
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Uptake ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Biomass Energy ◽  
Fertilizer N ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Energy Plantations ◽  
Fertilizer N Uptake ◽  
Salix Spp

Hangs, R. D., Schoenau, J. J., Van Rees, K. C. J. and Knight, J. D. 2012. The effect of irrigation on nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of two willow ( Salix spp.) biomass energy varieties. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 563–575. Nitrogen (N) fertilizers historically have been applied to support increased productivity of purpose-grown willow (Salix spp.) biomass energy plantations. However, a frequently observed lack of willow growth response to added fertilizer N is often attributed to poor fertilizer use efficiency. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of irrigation on the recovery of broadcast15N-labelled fertilizer, applied during the final year of a 3-yr rotation, by two willow varieties. A split-split-plot experiment was established on a fertile heavy clay soil in Saskatoon, SK, Canada, which consisted of two willow varieties (Charlie and SV1), three irrigation treatments (no irrigation, 75%, and 100% field capacity), and two fertilization treatments (1× and 2× the recommended fertilizer rate of 100:30:80:20 N:P:K:S; kg ha−1). Irrigation increased fertilizer N uptake by Charlie, but had no effect on the amount taken up by SV1, which was attributed to greater N use efficiency of SV1 compared with Charlie when irrigated. Eighty-two percent of the applied fertilizer N was accounted for in the following sinks: 43% in the soil (0–60 cm), 31% in the willow tissues (i.e., stems, leaves, stump, and roots), 7% in the LFH layer, and <1% in the non-crop vegetation; the balance (approximately 18%) was presumed lost primarily through denitrification from the poorly drained soil, but possibly some may have leached below the root zone as well. Although the willow varieties accessed only a portion of the applied fertilizer N during the year of application, the majority of the residual fertilizer N was conserved within the production system and, therefore, remained available for willow uptake in subsequent years.

Nitrogen and water flows under pasture - wheat and lupin - wheat rotations in deep sands in Western Australia. 2. Drainage and nitrate leaching

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (3) ◽  
pp. 345 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. C. Anderson ◽  
I. R. P. Fillery ◽  
F. X. Dunin ◽  
P. J. Dolling ◽  
S. Asseng
Keyword(s):  
Water Content ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Water Content ◽  
Western Australia ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
Mineral N

Quantification of nitrate (NO-3) leaching is fundamental to understanding the efficiency with which plants use soil-derived nitrogen (N). A deep sand located in the northern wheatbelt of Western Australia was maintained under a lupin (Lupinus angustifolius)-wheat (Triticum aestivum) and a subterranean clover (Trifolium subterraneum) based annual pasture-wheat rotation from 1994to 1996. Fluxes of water and NO-3 through, and beyond, the root-zone were examined. Drainage was calculated on a daily basis from measurements of rainfall, evapotranspiration, and the change in soil water content to a depth of 1·5 m. Evapotranspiration was estimated from Bowen ratio measurements,and soil water content was determined by time domain reflectrometry. Soil was sampled in layers to1·5 m at the onset of winter rains and analysed for NO-3 . Ceramic suction cups were installed at 0·25, 0·4, 0·6, 0·8, 1·0, 1·2, and 1·4 m to sample soil solution from June to mid August. The NO-3 leached from each layer was computed by multiplying the daily drainage through each layer by the estimated concentration of NO-3 within the layer. The estimated concentration of NO-3 in a layer was calculated by taking into account NO-3 either entering that layer through mineralisation and leachingor leaving the layer through plant uptake. Mineral N was added to the surface 0·2 m in accordance with measured rates of net N mineralisation, and daily N uptake was calculated from the measured above-ground plant N derived from soil N. Root sampling was undertaken to determine root lengthdensity under pastures, lupin, and wheat. Cumulative drainage below 1·5 m was similar under wheat and lupin, and accounted for 214 mmfrom 11 May to 15 August 1995 and 114 mm from 2 July to 15 September 1996. The cumulative evapotranspiration (Ea) over these periods was 169 mm from a wheat crop in 1995, and 178 mm from a lupin crop in 1996. The amount of NO-3 in soil at the start of the growing season was afiected by previous crop, with a lower range following wheat (31-68 kg N/ha) than following legumes (40-106 kgN/ha). These large quantities of NO-3 in the soil at the break of the season contributed substantially to NO-3 leaching. Leaching of NO-3 below 1·5 m in wheat crops accounted for 40-59 kg N/ha where these followed either lupin or pasture. In contrast, less NO-3 was found to leach below 1·5 m in pastures (17-28 kg N/ha). Greater N uptake by capeweed (Arctotheca calendula L.) than by either wheat or lupin was the main reason for the lower amount of NO-3 leached in pastures.

A comparison of chickpeas and pasture legumes for sustaining yields and nitrogen status of subsequent wheat

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. C. R. Holford ◽  
G. J. Crocker
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crop Residues ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fixation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Red Clay ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Positive Effects

Six treatments were compared for their effects on wheat yields, nitrogen (N) uptake, protein content, and fertiliser N requirements in a long-term rotation study on a black earth and a red clay in northern New South Wales. Three of the treatments were lucerne, subterranean clover, and snail medic, all grown simultaneously from 1988 to 1990 and all followed by 3 years of wheat. The other 3 treatments were biennial rotations of chickpea–wheat and long-fallow–wheat as well as a continuous wheat monoculture, all lasting 6 years. With the exception of the first wheat crop, which experienced very low growing-season rainfall, lucerne was more beneficial than other legumes to following wheat crops in terms of yield, protein content, and fertiliser N requirement. Clover closely followed lucerne in the magnitude of its positive effects, whereas medic and chickpea produced much smaller effects. Because of the amount of N removed in the chickpea grain, it appeared that the small positive effects of chickpea were due to soil N sparing or rapid mineralisation from crop residues rather than any net contribution of N fixation to soil N accretion. Average yields of the 3 wheat crops following lucerne and clover were much higher than average yields 20 years previously following lucerne, even though average yields of continuously grown wheat have declined over the past 20 years. However, lucerne eliminated the need for N fertiliser for no more than 2 following wheat crops, and clover for only the first wheat crop. It appears that the longer duration of lucerne benefits reported in earlier studies was due to the higher background soil N levels as well as the lower yield potential in the earlier years. Nevertheless, lucerne lowered the fertiliser requirement of the third wheat crop by more than 50%. In contrast to lucerne, annual legumes are probably most beneficial if grown in alternate years with wheat. The large benefits of long fallowing particularly on the black earth were apparently caused by its enhancement of soil moisture and mineral N accumulation. However, these N effects were surprisingly large considering the degree of depletion of organic matter in long-fallowed soils.

Water and Nitrogen Budget Dynamics for a Maize-Peanut Rotation in Florida

2020 ◽  
Vol 63 (6) ◽  
pp. 2003-2020
Author(s):  
Maria I. Zamora Re ◽  
Sagarika Rath ◽  
Michael D. Dukes ◽  
Wendy Graham
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
Irrigation Scheduling ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
N Leaching ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Fertilizer Rate ◽  
Irrigation Treatments ◽  
Fertilizer Rates

HighlightsDSSAT simulations of final N uptake, biomass, and yield for a maize-peanut rotational field experiment with three irrigation treatments and three N fertilizer rates had good performance for the irrigated treatments (average nRMSE of 9%) but greater error for the rainfed treatments (average nRMSE of 15%).Experiments and DSSAT simulations demonstrated that N fertilizer and irrigation applications were reduced by 26% and 60%, respectively, when using a 247 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate and a sensor-based irrigation schedule rather than conventional practices of 336 kg N ha-1 and a calendar-based irrigation method, with no impact on yield.Simulations demonstrated that N leaching during the crop rotation was reduced by 37% when an N fertilizer rate of 247 kg N ha-1 and sensor-based irrigation scheduling were used versus conventional practices.Soil N increased (=15 mg kg-1) when maize and peanut residues decayed and then leached during the fallow season. Cover or cash crops planted immediately after the maize and peanut harvests have potential to take up this N and reduce leaching.Abstract. Nitrogen (N) is an essential element for crop growth and yield; however, excessive N applications not taken up by crops can result in N leaching from the root zone, increasing N loads to waterbodies and leading to a host of environmental problems. The main objective of this study was to simulate water and N balances for a maize-peanut (Zea mays L. and Arachis hypogaea L.) rotational field experiment with three irrigation treatments and three N fertilizer rates. The irrigation treatments consisted of mimicking grower irrigation practices in the region (GROW), using soil moisture sensors to schedule irrigation (SMS), and non-irrigated (NON). The N fertilizer rates were low, medium, and high (157, 247, and 336 kg N ha-1, respectively) for maize with a constant 17 kg ha-1 for all peanut treatments. DSSAT maize genetic coefficients were calibrated using the SMS-high treatment combination under the assumption of no water or N stress. The other eight treatment combinations were used as independent data for model validation of the crop coefficients. All soil hydrologic parameters were specified based on measured values, and default DSSAT peanut genetic coefficients were used with no calibration. For the irrigated treatments, DSSAT models had good performance for N uptake, biomass, and yield (average nRMSE of 8%) and moderate performance for soil water content (average nRMSE of 18%). Soil nitrate RMSE was 21% lower than the standard deviation of the observed data (5.8 vs. 7.2 mg kg-1). For the rainfed treatments, DSSAT had greater error (average nRMSE of 15% for N uptake, biomass, and yield, and average nRMSE of 31% for soil water). Soil nitrate RMSE was 11% greater than the standard deviation of the observed data (8.0 vs. 7.2 mg kg-1), and nRMSE was &gt;30% during the crop rotation. Simulations estimated that N leaching over the crop rotation was reduced by 24% on average when using the 247 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate compared to 336 kg N ha-1 across the irrigation treatments. Furthermore, N leaching was reduced by 37% when using SMS to schedule irrigation and the 247 kg N ha-1 fertilizer rate for maize and 17 kg N ha-1 for peanut compared to conventional practices (GROW and 336 kg N ha-1 for maize and 17 kg N ha-1 for peanut). Moreover, this management practice reduced N fertilizer use by 26% and irrigation water use by up to 60% without negative impacts on yield. Observed and simulated soil N increased during maize and peanut residue decay, with simulations estimating that this soil N would leach below the root zone during the fallow season. This leaching could potentially be reduced if a cover crop or cash crop were planted between the maize and peanut crops to take up the mineralized N. Keywords: Agricultural best management practices, Bare fallow, BMPs, Maize-peanut rotation, N balance, N fertilization, N leaching, Sandy soils, Sensor-based irrigation scheduling, Water balance.

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