SHORT COMMUNICATION: A comparison of plant tissue digestion methods for nitrogen and phosphorus analyses

1995 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 243-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. K. Soon ◽  
Y. P. Kalra
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Dry Ashing ◽  
Kjeldahl Digestion ◽  
Digestion Methods ◽  
Multi Element Analysis ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Tissue Digestion

Four variations of the Kjeldahl digestion were compared with a H2SO4–H2O2 digestion for N and P analysis, and a microwve digestion method and a dry ashing procedure for P analysis. One Kjeldahl variant using a Na2SO4–Se catalyst was found to be suitable for multi-element analysis while doubling the per diem output of digestions compared with the H2SO4–H2O2 method, provided that P was analyzed by the molybdivanadate (MV) procedure. Key words: Kjeldahl digestion, nitrogen, phosphorus, plant tissue

scholarly journals Efficiency of acid digestion procedures for geochemical analysis of tungsten mining wastes

2021 ◽  
pp. geochem2021-034
Author(s):  
Z. Han ◽  
M. Edraki ◽  
A. Nguyen ◽  
M. Mostert
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element Analysis ◽  
Major Elements ◽  
Critical Element ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Geochemical Composition ◽  
Alkali Fusion ◽  
Global Demand ◽  
Complete Digestion ◽  
Digestion Methods

Tungsten is a critical element used in the industry with increasing global demand. There are millions of tons of current and legacy mineral processing tungsten tailings worldwide that can potentially contaminate the environment and pose human health risks. These tailings could also potentially turn into valuable resources if we thoroughly characterise their geochemical composition. In this study, an innovative method was developed to achieve the complete digestion of tungsten tailings. We tested three different digestion methods (hotplate digestion, bomb digestion, and ColdBlockTM digestion) and compared the results. Additionally, an alkali fusion for major element analysis was also applied and tested. The results showed that alkali fusion is the best method for major elements analysis, while bomb digestion is the best method for tungsten and trace element analysis, but volatile chlorite loss was also observed. The hot plate digestion method for tungsten mine tailings was not recommended, because of poor recoveries of trace elements compared to the bomb digestion method. The quick and safer ColdBlockTM digestion method could be used for Bismuth (Bi), Molybdenum (Mo), and several rare earth element analyses indicated by their recoveries being close to the bomb digestion method. 

Microwave digestion of tree foliage for multi-element analysis

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (8) ◽  
pp. 981-985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. P. Kalra ◽  
D. G. Maynard ◽  
F. G. Radford
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Microwave Digestion ◽  
Atomic Emission ◽  
Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Digestion Method ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Multi Element Analysis

A microwave digestion procedure was developed for multi-element determinations in tree foliage by inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry. The procedure involved the sequential digestion of 0.500 g of plant material with HNO3 (10 mL), H2O2 (1 mL), and HCl (2 mL) at 90% power for 30 min, 90% power for 15 min, and 30% power for 10 min, respectively. The proposed method gave Ca, Mg, K, Na, Mn, P, and S results in good agreement with the National Institute of Standards and Technology plant reference materials. Iron and aluminum concentrations were 20 to 30% lower than the certified National Institute of Standards and Technology values. Recovery of standard additions of the elements tested (including iron and aluminum) ranged from 93 to 105%. The proposed digestion method provides accurate and precise results for multi-element analysis on one solution. In addition, HClO4, an extreme laboratory hazard, has been replaced in the digestion procedure by H2O2. The microwave digestion method has been used successfully in our laboratory for over 1 year for routine analysis and for a quality assurance program using a variety of plant materials. With this method 36 to 48 samples per person per day can be prepared for inductively coupled plasma–atomic emission spectrometry analysis.

Plant sampling: a review

1993 ◽  
Vol 33 (8) ◽  
pp. 1007 ◽  
Author(s):  
JB Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Plant Tissue ◽  
Tissue Sample ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Tissue Analysis ◽  
Plant Analysis ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Sample Handling ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sampling Statistics ◽  
Multi Element Analysis

The steps involved in collecting and handling samples for plant analysis are described under the following headings: purpose for which the sample is collected; sampling statistics; sampling strategies; choice of tissue; sample handling; special sampling techniques. In any application of plant tissue analysis close attention should be given to the approaches which are used to develop the critical values or ranges that are used. In diagnostic and prognostic use of plant analysis the statistics of the sampling procedure should be well understood, so that a sample which properly represents the crop or planting can be collected. When diagnosis is the primary objective the sampling unit may be as small as a single plant. It is important that contamination of the sample with nutrient sprays or other materials is understood and recorded. Washing may not be possible, particularly when samples are collected by unskilled people at a site distant from the analytical laboratory. Although washing with detergents or weak acids can remove contamination, there will remain some doubt as to the efficiency of the washing procedure. Samples which are to be used for sap tests immediately after collection for nitrate-nitrogen should be handled more carefully than those destined after drying for multi-element analysis at a remote laboratory. Ideally the respiratory loss of dry weight from samples should be minimised when the samples are destined for conventional multi-element analysis. Where certain aspects of sample handling are critical to the success of the test they should be emphasised to potential users. A wide range of plant tissues other than the commonly collected leaves and petioles has been used for assessment of mineral nutrient status, including juice, fruit, and shoot tips. Each of these presents different problems in sample collection handling and storage. Tests based on enzyme activity and other biochemical or physiological indicators probably present the most difficult sample handling problems, but these tests are not widely used. A number of sampling issues which arise from the author's experience with commercial tissue analysis services are raised. These include such matters as the extent of training of the personnel who do the sampling, contamination and transport to the laboratory. Although more attention to these issues is needed in practice, plant tissue analysis continues to be a most valuable tool in the hands of the informed manager.

scholarly journals The SN2 reaction and its relationship with the Walden inversion, the Finkelstein and Menshutkin reactions together with theoretical calculations for the Finkelstein reaction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibon Alkorta ◽  
José Elguero
Keyword(s):  
Linear Models ◽  
Theoretical Calculations ◽  
Computational Method ◽  
Basis Set ◽  
Free Energies ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Atom Pairs ◽  
Leaving Groups ◽  
First Time ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

AbstractThis communication gives an overview of the relationships between four reactions that although related were not always perceived as such: SN2, Walden, Finkelstein, and Menshutkin. Binary interactions (SN2 & Walden, SN2 & Menshutkin, SN2 & Finkelstein, Walden & Menshutkin, Walden & Finkelstein, Menshutkin & Finkelstein) were reported. Carbon, silicon, nitrogen, and phosphorus as central atoms and fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides as lateral atoms were considered. Theoretical calculations provide Gibbs free energies that were analyzed with linear models to obtain the halide contributions. The M06-2x DFT computational method and the 6-311++G(d,p) basis set have been used for all atoms except for iodine where the effective core potential def2-TZVP basis set was used. Concerning the central atom pairs, carbon/silicon vs. nitrogen/phosphorus, we reported here for the first time that the effect of valence expansion was known for Si but not for P. Concerning the lateral halogen atoms, some empirical models including the interaction between F and I as entering and leaving groups explain the Gibbs free energies.

Geographic determination of coffee beans using multi-element analysis and isotope ratios of boron and strontium

2014 ◽  
Vol 142 ◽  
pp. 439-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hou-Chun Liu ◽  
Chen-Feng You ◽  
Chiou-Yun Chen ◽  
Yu-Ching Liu ◽  
Ming-Tsung Chung
Keyword(s):  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Element Analysis ◽  
Coffee Beans ◽  
Multi Element Analysis
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