The reactions of Canadian spring wheat genotypes to inoculation with Claviceps purpurea, the causal agent of ergot

2004 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. G. Menzies
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
The Other ◽  
Claviceps Purpurea ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Canadian Prairie ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Wheat Lines

Ergot, caused by Claviceps purpurea, can be a detrimental pathogen of wheat because the sclerotia of this fungus are toxic to animals and humans. The purpose of this work was to determine if currently registered Canadian wheat cultivars and experimental wheat lines differ in their reactions to C. purpurea and to determine if different classes of wheat [Canadian Western Red Spring (CWRS), Canadian Prairie Spring (CPS), Canadian Western Extra Strong (CWES), Canadian Western Soft White Spring (CWSWS), and Canadian Western Amber Durum (CWAD)] differ in their levels of resistance. Fifty-four wheat genotypes from different western Canadian classes of wheat were inoculated with a mixture of six isolates of C. purpurea and assessed for the number of sclerotia produced per spike and rated for sclerotial size produced and the amount of honeydew produced. In general, CWAD wheats produced significantly fewer sclerotia per spike and the CWSWS wheats had significantly smaller sclerotia. None of the classes differed in honeydew production. One CWAD genotype, 9260B-173A, had the fewest sclerotia, and the lowest ratings for sclerotial size, and amount of honeydew produced compared to the other wheat genotypes tested. Key words: Hexaploid wheat, durum wheat, Triticum turgidum var. durum, T. aestivum, ergot, Claviceps purpurea, resistance, sclerotia size, honeydew

Characterization of manganese use efficiency in UK wheat cultivars grown in a solution culture system and in the field

2005 ◽  
Vol 143 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Z. JIANG ◽  
C. R. IRELAND
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Solution Culture ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Apparent Quantum Yield ◽  
Physiological Basis ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Wheat Lines

The aim of the research was to describe and characterize the physiological basis of Mn use efficiency among a range of old and modern UK wheat cultivars grown in Mn-depleted solution culture and to ascertain whether the existence of Mn use efficiency conferred a yield advantage under manganese stress conditions in the field. Results of solution culture experiments demonstrated that the old spring wheat cv. Maris Butler is relatively Mn efficient when grown in Mn-deficient conditions in comparison with both a modern winter wheat, cv. Claire, and a modern spring wheat, cv. Paragon. The mean dry weight gain of plants of cv. Maris Butler grown in Mn-depleted nutrient solution was 0·49 of that shown by plants in Mn-sufficient culture, whereas in cvs. Paragon and Claire the equivalent values were 0·38 and 0·21 respectively. When grown in Mn-deficient soil in a farm-based field trial, cv. Maris Butler showed significantly improved (P<0·05) dry matter accumulation and grain yield compared with other spring wheats including cv. Paragon. There was no significant variation in leaf Mn content between the cultivars examined, either under sufficient or depleted Mn supply; however, cv. Maris Butler showed both a relatively high maximum light-saturated rate of photosynthesis and a high photosynthetic apparent quantum yield (based on O2 evolution) when grown under Mn deficiency. It is argued that the apparent Mn use efficiency of cv. Maris Butler is related to superior internal utilization of Mn, resulting in an increased photosynthetic photosytem II efficiency rather than improved Mn uptake and accumulation. The results suggest that the wheat cultivar Maris Butler may provide a potentially useful source of parental material for future crop improvement programmes designed to produce wheat lines resistant to depleted Mn supply.

CYTOLOGY AND FERTILITY OF PENTAPLOID WHEAT HYBRIDS WITH INDUCED PAIRING BETWEEN HOMOEOLOGOUS CHROMOSOMES

1982 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 397-408 ◽  
Author(s):  
U. Kushnir ◽  
G. M. Halloran
Keyword(s):  
Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome ◽  
D Genome ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosome Pairing ◽  
Wheat Hybrids ◽  
Homoeologous Chromosomes

Two mutants, each promoting homoeologous chromosome pairing in hexaploid wheat (Triticum × aestivum L. emend gr. aestivum), in the cultivar Chinese Spring, ph1b at the Ph locus on chromosome 5BL and the other, ph2, on chromosome 3DS, were compared for their influence on chromosome pairing and fertility in pentaploid hybrids with Triticum turgidum L. emend var. dicoccoides (Korn. in litt. in Schweinf.). The mutants induced increased multivalent frequency over the normal pentaploid. Lower univalent frequencies in the ph2-pentaploid, compared with the normal pentaploid, indicated that D-genome chromosomes of the former were substantially involved in homoeologous pairing. Certain differences in other meiotic processes and fertility among the pentaploids may reflect differences in the activity of the pairing genes. There appeared to be a higher level of univalent elimination in pollen and egg cells in the ph2-, compared with the ph1b-pentaploid. Tetrad formation was close to normal in the ph2- pentaploid but exhibited high levels of abnormality (monads, dyads, triads and apolar tetrads) in the ph1b-pentaploid. Fertility levels in crosses of the pentaploids with hexaploid wheat, while low, were much lower for the ph1b-, compared with the ph2-pentaploid.

Imidazolinone-Resistant Wheat Acetolactate Synthase In Vivo Response to Imazamox

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 539-548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Curtis R. Rainbolt ◽  
Donald C. Thill ◽  
Robert S. Zemetra ◽  
Dale L. Shaner
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
Wheat Cultivar ◽  
Single Gene ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Wheat Lines

Several experiments were conducted to evaluate the utility of an in vivo acetolactate synthase (ALS) assay for comparing sensitivity to imazamox among imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines. Ten single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat cultivars/lines, one two-gene and four single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines, and three pairs of heterozygous and homozygous imidazolinone-resistant winter wheat lines were evaluated in the assay experiments. Additionally, a dose-response assay was conducted to evaluate the tolerance of several imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars to imazamox on a whole plant level. The I50value (i.e., the imazamox dose that inhibited ALS activity by 50%) of the winter wheat cultivar ‘Above’ was 54 to 84% higher than the I50values of 99-420, 99-433, and CV-9804. However, based on the results of this study, it is unclear whether genetic background or market class (hard red winter vs. soft white winter) influences the level of ALS inhibition by imazamox. Teal 15A, the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivar, had an I50value that was two to three times greater than the I50value of the single-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat cultivars/lines. The heterozygous imidazolinone-resistant wheat lines had I50values that were 69 to 81% less than the I50values of the homozygous lines. In the whole plant dose response, theR50values (i.e., the imazamox dose that reduced biomass by 50%) of the susceptible cultivars Brundage 96 and Conan were 15 to 17 times less than the homozygous single-gene imidazolinone-resistant winter and spring cultivars/lines, whoseR50values were about 1.7 times less than theR50value of the two-gene imidazolinone-resistant spring wheat line, Teal 15A. The results of the in vivo ALS imazamox assays and the whole plant imazamox dose-response assay were similar, indicating that the in vivo assay can be used to accurately and quickly compare resistance between imidazolinone-resistant wheat cultivars/lines.

Estimating genetic diversity in Greek durum wheat landraces with RAPD markers

2005 ◽  
Vol 56 (12) ◽  
pp. 1355 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Mantzavinou ◽  
Penelope J. Bebeli ◽  
Pantouses J. Kaltsikes
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Durum Wheat ◽  
Bread Wheat ◽  
Rapd Markers ◽  
Triticum Turgidum ◽  
Random Amplified Polymorphic Dna ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Arbitrary Primers

Using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method, the genetic diversity of 19 Greek landraces and 9 cultivars of durum wheat [Triticum turgidum L. var. durum (Desf.)] was studied. Two commercial bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars and one genotype of Triticum monococcum L. were also included in the study. Eighty-seven arbitrary primers (10-mer) were evaluated in a preliminary experiment and 15 of them were selected for the main experiments based on the quality and reliability of their amplification and the polymorphism they revealed. A total of 150 DNA bands were obtained, 125 (83.3%) of which were polymorphic. On average, 10 DNA bands were amplified per primer, 8.3 of which were polymorphic. The genetic similarity between all pairs of genotypes was evaluated using the Jaccard’s or Nei and Li’s coefficients; the values of the former ranged from 0.153 to 0.973 while those of the latter were slightly higher (0.265–0.986). Cluster analysis was conducted by the UPGMA and the Njoin methods. Both methods broadly placed 26 durum genotypes into 1 branch while the other branch consisted of 2 subgroups: 1 included the 2 bread wheat cultivars; the other 1 consisted of 2 durum landraces, ‘Kontopouli’ and ‘Mavrotheri-Chios’, which showed an intruiging behaviour sharing bands with the bread wheat cultivars. The T. monococcum cultivar stood apart from all other genotypes.

Some Aspects of Photoperiodism in Wheat and Its Wild Relatives

1994 ◽  
Vol 21 (5) ◽  
pp. 551 ◽  
Author(s):  
LT Evans ◽  
C Blundell
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Hexaploid Wheat ◽  
Floral Induction ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dwarfing Genes ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Long Day ◽  
The Times

Experiments with plants grown in controlled environment conditions examine three aspects of photoperiodism in wheat. A survey of the flowering responses of 20 genotypes of diploid, tetraploid and hexaploid wheat cultivars and wild relatives to growth under three daylengths (8, 12, 16 h) after three durations of vernalisation (0, 4, 10 weeks at 20�C) showed that all were long-day plants and many responded to vernalisation. The requirement for long days was most stringent among the diploid progenitors and most relaxed among the hexaploid cultivars. However, not even the earliest flowering spring wheat cultivars (among eight) were entirely daylength-neutral. Minimum times to inflorescence initiation appeared to be determined independently of the responses to daylength. Whereas leaf initiation and appearance rates were hardly influenced by daylength, the rate of spikelet initiation responded to it from the beginning of floral induction, well before the appearance of double ridges. Comparison of the times to double ridges among near-isogenic lines of four spring wheat cultivars (Ciano 67, Yaqui 50, Rescue and April Bearded) showed that each of the three dwarfing genes Rht1, Rht2 and Rht3 advanced inflorescence initiation but without changing the response to daylength.

Culm height and susceptibility of Canadian winter and spring wheat cultivars to common bunt (Tilletia tritici and T. laevis)

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Gaudet ◽  
B. J. Puchalski ◽  
T. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Specific Resistance ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Common Bunt ◽  
Nonspecific Resistance ◽  
Tilletia Tritici ◽  
Cultivar Variation ◽  
Low Levels

A field study involving winter and spring wheat cultivars possessing race-specific and nonspecific resistance to Tilletia tritici and T. laevis was conducted to determine the effect of bunt on culm dwarfing, and the role of culm height in the susceptibility of wheat cultivars. Bunt-induced stunting, ranging from 2.4 to 21%, was observed in 20 of 25 cultivars and the severity was correlated with level of bunt (r = 0.86). Also, there was preferential infection of shorter culms by the bunt fungus and this appeared to be a major factor in the susceptibility of most cultivars in this study. Cultivars possessing moderate to high levels of nonspecific resistance such as Katepwa and Chinook had fewer short culms; these short culms were susceptible. A large proportion of the culms of short-statured or semi-dwarf cultivars such as HY320, Tobari 66, and the soft white spring wheats Fielder and Springfield, fell into the shortest height classes; uniformly these were highly susceptible to bunt infection. Laura and Roblin, cultivars of conventional height, had a large proportion of short culms and these were highly susceptible. Red Bobs 222 and HY355 also exhibited high levels of bunt in the taller culms. Cultivars possessing race-specific resistance such as the durum wheats and BW553 had low levels of infection across the culm height classes. Cultivar variation in susceptibility to bunt within each of the different culm height classes also was observed. The possible implications of the effect of preferential bunting of short culms on development in short-statured or semi-dwarf wheats are discussed. Key words: Stinking smut, Norin 10/Brevor

Response to weed control by four spring wheat genotypes differing in competitive ability

1998 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 171-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Competitive Ability ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Control Genotype

Increased crop competitiveness may complement existing weed control methods. The objective of this research was to establish whether spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes with contrasting competitive abilities respond differently to weed control levels. Four sibling genotypes differing in competitive ability were grown under simulated weedy conditions and subjected to four weed control levels. The competitive genotypes were superior to the less-competitive genotypes in grain yield under weedy and partially weedy conditions. Key words: Triticum aestivum L., competition, weed control, genotype × weedcontrol interaction

scholarly journals Estimation of Stem-Solidness and Yield Components in Selected Spring Wheat Genotypes

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 1640
Author(s):  
Mateusz Pluta ◽  
Danuta Kurasiak-Popowska ◽  
Jerzy Nawracała ◽  
Jan Bocianowski ◽  
Sylwia Mikołajczyk
Keyword(s):  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Genotype I ◽  
Wheat Stem Sawfly ◽  
Wheat Genotypes ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Stem Solidness ◽  
New Varieties

Solid-stemmed wheat genotypes are better protected from damage caused by wheat stem sawfly (Cephus pygmaeus L.) larvae and at lower risk of lodging, as they are additionally strengthened. The aim of the study was to analyse the stem-solidness of fifty spring wheat cultivars with pith. A field experiment was conducted at the Agricultural Research Station Dłoń, Poland in the years 2012–2014. The method recommended by the International Union for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants (UPOV) and the methodology described by DePauw and Read were used to analyse the stem-solidness. The statistical analysis of the results showed that the stems of the wheat cultivars differed in their, therefore, they were divided into seven classes. There were nine Polish cultivars, two genotypes from Canada (BW 597 and AC Elsa) and one Portuguese genotype (I 836) with hollow stems. There were only nine solid-stemmed cultivars. Both methodologies were used to assess the filling of the stem in the whole plant upon analysis of its filling at the cross-section of the first internode. Both methods gave the same results. The DePauw and Read methodology showed that the internodes in the lower part of the plants were filled to the greatest extent. The same genotypes collected in the consecutive years of the study differed in the filling of their stems with pith. These differences were influenced by the environmental conditions.

EFFECT OF HERBICIDES ON SEEDLING GROWTH, HEAD DEFORMATION AND GRAIN YIELD OF SPRING WHEAT CULTIVARS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. IVANY ◽  
H. G. NASS
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effect ◽  
Triticum Aestivum ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
The Other ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Plant Weight ◽  
Herbicide Treatment

In field experiments at Charlottetown, P.E.I., five herbicides evaluated at two rates of application on eight spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivars showed no effect on dry plant weight 20 days after treatment. Herbicide treatment with dicamba resulted in a greater number of deformed heads per plot compared with the untreated in 1980 and with all herbicides except diclofop-methyl in 1981. More deformed heads occurred with dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture at the higher rate of application in 1981 than with the other herbicides and the lower rate of application. All cultivars had more deformed heads than the untreated control when treated with 2,4-D, dicamba and the 2,4-D/mecoprop/dicamba mixture in 1981. Neepawa and Dundas had more deformed heads than the other cultivars when treated with MCPA. Head deformation by herbicide treatment had no adverse effect on grain yield in this study.Key words: Spring wheat cultivars, herbicides, head deformation, 2,4-D, MCPA, dicamba, diclofop-methyl

Weed, disease and grain yield effects of cultivar mixtures in organically managed spring wheat

2007 ◽  
Vol 87 (4) ◽  
pp. 855-859 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Pridham ◽  
M. H. Entz ◽  
R. C. Martin ◽  
P. J. Hucl
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Wheat Cultivars ◽  
Modern Cultivar ◽  
Modern Wheat ◽  
Organically Managed ◽  
Cultivar Mixtures

Two heritage wheat cultivars, Red Fife and Marquis, along with two modern wheat cultivars, 5602HR and AC Barrie, were assessed in organically managed monocultures and mixtures to discern if mixtures provided a benefit to grain yield and disease and weed suppression in Manitoba over 3 site-years. 5602HR was the highest yielding sole cultivar, while Marquis and AC Barrie were the lowest yielding sole cultivars. Red Fife yielded similar to the modern cultivar 5602HR in several cases. Cultivar mixtures did not provide a yield advantage but did stabilize yields of mixtures containing disease susceptible cultivars. Key words: Cultivar mixtures, heritage cultivar, yield stability

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