Distribution des cations basiques et de l'aluminium dans la solution de sol de l'horizon humifère d'une érablière fertilisée: représentativité des extraits de sol saturé à l'eau

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
François Marquis ◽  
Claude Camiré ◽  
Marius Lachance
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Molar Fraction ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Aluminum Distribution ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Equilibrium Ratio

Soil solution analysis may provide useful information on nutrition status and Al toxicity in soil. Nevertheless, obtaining soil solutions in low-moisture soils causes a problem. Saturated extracts may act as an alternative for getting information on soil solution. Their effectiveness in assessing representative base cations and aluminum distribution in soil solution was demonstrated in this study. Saturated extracts, which were obtained from air drying and fresh soil, were compared with the "true" soil solution for base distribution and base/Al ratio. Molar fraction and equilibrium ratio in the "true" soil solution depended on soil moisture before extraction. Nevertheless, they were less affected by this approach than intrinsic concentrations. The results showed that molar fraction and equilibrium ratio in soil solution can be predicted from the molar fraction or equilibrium ratio in saturated extracts and soil moisture information, however, saturated extracts obtained from fresh soil were better models. Base/Al ratios in saturated extracts were closely dependent on pH extracts but they were not well linked with the same ratio in soil solution. Key words: Soil solution, molar fraction, equilibrium ratio, soil acidity, sugar maple, Acer saccharum

The chemical composition and ionic strength of soil solutions from New Zealand topsoils

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151 ◽  
Author(s):  
DC Edmeades ◽  
DM Wheeler ◽  
OE Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Soil Solutions

In preliminary experiments a centrifuge method for extracting soil solutions was examined. Neither the time nor speed of centrifuging had any effect on the concentrations of cations in soil solution. The concentration of cations increased with decreasing soil moisture content, and NO3, Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations increased with increasing time of storage of freshly collected moist soils. It was concluded that to obtain soil solutions, which accurately reflect the soil solution composition and ionic strength (I) in situ, requires that soil samples are extracted immediately (<24 h) following sampling from the field. Prior equilibration of soil samples, to adjust soil moisture contents, is therefore not valid. The effect of time of sampling and soil type, and the effects of fertilizer and lime applications, on soil solution composition and ionic strength, were measured on freshly collected field moist topsoils. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, NH, and NO, were lowest in the winter and highest in the summer. Consequently, there was a marked seasonal variation in ionic strength which ranged from 0.003 to 0.016 mol L-1 (mean, 0.005 s.d. 0.003) over time and soil type. Withholding fertilizer (P, K, S, Ca) for two years had only a minor effect on ionic composition and strength, and liming increased solution Ca, Mg and HCO3, but decreased Al, resulting in a twofold increase in ionic strength. These results suggest that the ionic strength of temperate grassland topsoils in New Zealand lie within the range 0.003-0.016 and are typically 0.005.

EFFECT OF MOISTURE CHANGE AND SALINITY ON THE Mg/Ca RATIO AND RATIO OF Ca/TOTAL CATIONS IN SOIL SOLUTIONS

1979 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 439-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. R. CARTER ◽  
G. R. WEBSTER ◽  
R. R. CAIRNS
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Saline Soils ◽  
Moisture Change ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Effect Of Moisture ◽  
Cation Ratio

The magnitude of change of the Mg/Ca ratio and ratio of Ca/total cations were determined over the available moisture range in the soil solution of saline (Na, Mg and Ca sulfates) and non-saline soils. Estimates of the soil solution were obtained by displacement with ethanol. As the soil moisture declined in saline or near saline soils, the Mg/Ca ratio and Ca/total cation ratio increased and remained relatively stable, respectively. Saturation paste extracts were found to serve as an indicator to changes in the above ratios.

A beech bark disease induced change in tree species composition influences forest floor acid–base chemistry

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 875-882 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.A. Arthur ◽  
K.C. Weathers ◽  
G.M. Lovett ◽  
M.P. Weand ◽  
W.C. Eddy
Keyword(s):  
Species Composition ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Forest Floor ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Acid Base ◽  
Tree Species Composition

Beech bark disease (BBD) has demonstrable ecosystem consequences for eastern US forests stemming from American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) mortality, often leading to increased dominance by its competitor, sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.). We hypothesized that this BBD-induced shift in tree species composition leads to changes in soil acid–base chemistry, mediated through differences in leaf litter chemistry of the two species. Using a sequence of plots representing the progression of the disease in the Catskill Mountains, NY, USA, we examined the influence of tree species composition shift on soil chemistry. The BBD impact on tree species composition was confounded by variability in substrate (or nonexchangeable soil) calcium (Ca). While substrate Ca explained much of the variation in acid–base chemistry, increasing BBD was associated with increasing forest floor exchangeable Ca, sum of base cations, base saturation, cation-exchange capacity, and decreasing hydrogen. An apparent threshold effect of substrate Ca on sugar maple litter Ca concentration suggests that underlying soil Ca availability may contribute to the spatial extent and timeframe of BBD-induced shifts in species composition. The species compositional shift is a mechanism contributing to a vegetation effect on soil acid–base status and may partially counteract soil acidification in this acid deposition impacted region.

The effect of ice damage and post-damage fertilization and competition control on understory microclimate of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) stands

2003 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
William C Parker
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Leaf Area Index ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Natural Disturbance ◽  
Ice Storm ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Competition Control

The influence of ice damage, fertilization, and herbicide treatments on understory microclimate was examined in several sugar maple stands during three growing seasons. Stands with greater initial crown damage and lower leaf area index had higher understory light levels, elevated air temperatures and lower humidity. Ice damage had comparatively less effect on the below-ground environment. Stands with higher damage and lower leaf area index exhibited higher soil temperature and lower soil moisture availability in certain years. The strength and significance of the relationships of canopy features with microclimatic variables diminished over time with canopy recovery and growth of understory vegetation. Fertilization treatment effects on stand microclimate were not apparent, but competition control reduced understory leaf area, increased soil temperature, and had minimal influence on soil moisture status. Key words: canopy, fertilization, ice storm, microclimate, natural disturbance, sugar maple, vegetation management

Determinants of survival over 7 years for a natural cohort of sugar maple seedlings in a northern hardwood forest

2014 ◽  
Vol 44 (9) ◽  
pp. 1112-1121 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalie L. Cleavitt ◽  
John J. Battles ◽  
Timothy J. Fahey ◽  
Joel D. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Causes Of Death ◽  
Mechanical Damage ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Northern Hardwood Forest ◽  
Northern Hardwood ◽  
Regeneration Ecology ◽  
Causes Of Mortality

The regeneration ecology of sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) has been impacted by acid rain leaching of base cations from the soils throughout much of its range. We tracked the survival and causes of death for a natural cohort of sugar maple seedlings across 22 sites in the Hubbard Brook Valley in New Hampshire, USA, where soil acidification has been documented. Survival over 7 years averaged 3.4%; however, significant differences in survival were observed among sites, which were classified into three main groups based on the shape of their survival curves. These site groups differed in position on the landscape, seedling nutrition and leaf size, and the prevalence of damage agents, but not in soil Ca. First-season mortality was high (71%), and the main damage agents were fungal infection (Rhizoctonia spp.) and caterpillar herbivory (Geometridae). Other principal causes of mortality in order of importance were winter injury, mechanical damage, and rodent (Myodes gapperi Vigors, 1830) tunneling, and all damage agents varied significantly in severity between years. This study highlights the importance of landscape-level variation in biotic factors for predicting sugar maple regeneration success. Predictions of sugar maple regeneration will require a better understanding of controls on initial seedling growth and the suite of biotic agents that damages seedlings.

Corrigenda - The chemical composition and ionic strength of soil solutions from New Zealand topsoils

Soil Research ◽  
1985 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
DC Edmeades ◽  
DM Wheeler ◽  
OE Clinton
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Ionic Strength ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Soil Type ◽  
Ionic Composition ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Minor Effect ◽  
Solution Composition ◽  
Soil Solutions

In preliminary experiments a centrifuge method for extracting soil solutions was examined. Neither the time nor speed of centrifuging had any effect on the concentrations of cations in soil solution. The concentration of cations increased with decreasing soil moisture content, and NO3, Ca, Mg, and Na concentrations increased with increasing time of storage of freshly collected moist soils. It was concluded that to obtain soil solutions, which accurately reflect the soil solution composition and ionic strength (I) in situ, requires that soil samples are extracted immediately (<24 h) following sampling from the field. Prior equilibration of soil samples, to adjust soil moisture contents, is therefore not valid. The effect of time of sampling and soil type, and the effects of fertilizer and lime applications, on soil solution composition and ionic strength, were measured on freshly collected field moist topsoils. Concentrations of Ca, Mg, K, Na, NH, and NO, were lowest in the winter and highest in the summer. Consequently, there was a marked seasonal variation in ionic strength which ranged from 0.003 to 0.016 mol L-1 (mean, 0.005 s.d. 0.003) over time and soil type. Withholding fertilizer (P, K, S, Ca) for two years had only a minor effect on ionic composition and strength, and liming increased solution Ca, Mg and HCO3, but decreased Al, resulting in a twofold increase in ionic strength. These results suggest that the ionic strength of temperate grassland topsoils in New Zealand lie within the range 0.003-0.016 and are typically 0.005.

Indirect effects of beech bark disease on sugar maple seedling survival

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 807-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth N Hane
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Indirect Effects ◽  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Seedling Survival ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest ◽  
Beech Bark Disease ◽  
Negative Effect

To investigate the mechanisms of indirect effects of the increased presence of American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) saplings on sugar maple (Acer saccharum Marsh.) seedling survival, I conducted several experiments in the area of the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in central New Hampshire, U.S.A. To investigate the effects of competition from beech saplings on sugar maple seedlings, a removal experiment was conducted. Sugar maple seedling survival was monitored in five replicate plots of each of the two treatments for 6 years. Survivorship in plots in which beech saplings had been removed was significantly higher (33%) than in control plots (1%). A shading experiment demonstrated that a large proportion of the mortality of sugar maple seedlings results from the effects of shading. Cutting and shade cloth treatments were done in a two-factor factorial block design, and results showed a strong negative effect of shading in the plot. A third experiment investigated the role of soil moisture. Plots that had higher soil moisture and also had beech removed had the highest survival (76%), while control plots in a dry area had the lowest (22%). Overall, the experiments showed that beech bark disease and the associated increase in beech saplings had a negative indirect effect on sugar maple seedling survival. Sugar maple regeneration failure appeared to be, at least in part, due to the indirect effects of beech bark disease.

scholarly journals Spatially resolved soil solution chemistry in a central European atmospherically polluted high-elevation catchment

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel A. Petrash ◽  
Frantisek Buzek ◽  
Martin Novak ◽  
Bohuslava Cejkova ◽  
Pavel Kram ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Water ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Ammonium Oxalate ◽  
Chemical Species ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
High Elevation ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Anions And Cations

Abstract. In order to interpret spatial patterns of soil nutrient partitioning and compare these with runoff in a temperate forest with a history of acidification-related spruce die-back, the chemistry of mineral soil solutions were collected by suction lysimeters and evaluated relative to concurrent loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Lysimeters nest were installed in the 33-ha U dvou loucek (UDL) mountain catchment at different topographic positions (hilltops, slopes and valley). Following equilibration, monthly soil solution samples were collected over a 2-year period. In the vicinity of each lysimeter nest, soil pits were excavated for constraining soil chemistry. Soil solutions were analyzed for SO42−, NO3−, NH4+, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and total dissolved Al concentrations and organic matter (DOC), and pH. For a P release estimation, ammonium oxalate extraction of soil samples was performed. Comparison of soil water data with other previously acidified monitored European sites indicated that environmentally relevant chemical species at UDL had concentrations similar to median concentrations observed in sites with similar bedrock lithology and vegetation cover. Cation exchange capacity (CEC ≤ 58 meq kg−1) and base saturation (BS ≤ 13 %), however, were significantly lower at UDL, documenting incomplete recovery from acidification. Spatial trends and seasonality in soil water chemistry support belowground inputs from mineral-stabilized legacy pollutants. Overall, the soil-solution data suggest the system is out of balance chemically, relative to the present loads of anions and cations in precipitation. Higher concentrations of SO42−, NO3−, and base cations in runoff than in soil solutions are explained by lateral surficial leaching of pollutants and nutrients from shallow soil horizons. Nearly 30 years after peak acidification, UDL exhibited similar soil solution concentrations of SO42, Ca2+ and Mg2+ as median values at the Pan-European International Co-operative Program (ICP) Forest sites, yet NO3− concentrations were an order of magnitude higher.

scholarly journals Impacts des dépôts atmosphériques acides sur l'eau des sols forestiers

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (9) ◽  
pp. 363-373
Author(s):  
Elisabeth Graf Pannatier ◽  
Anne Thimonier ◽  
Maria Schmitt ◽  
Peter Waldner ◽  
Lorenz Walthert
Keyword(s):  
Soil Solution ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Solution Chemistry ◽  
Sulphur Deposition ◽  
Ecosystem Research ◽  
Soil Solutions ◽  
Atmospheric Acid Deposition ◽  
Study Sites

Impacts of atmospheric acid deposition on soil solutions in forests After a massive input of acidifying components on the environment in the middle of the 20th century, atmospheric acid deposition has decreased as a result of sulphur emission reduction. The continuous acid input might affect the chemistry of soils and drainage waters and accelerate soil acidification. In the framework of the Swiss Long-Term Forest Ecosystem Research (LWF), we examined whether acid deposition has continued to decline in the last ten years in different forest ecosystems and how the chemistry of soil water reacted to the improvement in air quality. Acid deposition decreased significantly at only three out of the nine study sites. Sulphur deposition declined at all sites, but due to the relatively low sulphur load compared to nitrogen deposition, it did not contribute to decrease acid deposition. Chemistry of soil solution remained quite constant since the beginning of the measurements about ten years ago. We did not observe any acidification of soil solution in six out of eight sites. In contrast, changes in soil solution chemistry at two sites showed a rapid acidification. At three sites, the deeper soil layer released large amount of sulphate coupled with base cations, which likely contributed to deplete the soil in nutrients. The analysis of the base saturation in 1039 soil profiles across Switzerland shows a high risk of relatively fast acidification of soil solution in almost 20% of sites.

scholarly journals Comment on “Present-day expansion of American beech in northeastern hardwood forests: Does soil base status matter?”Appears in Can. J. For. Res. 39: 2273–2282 (2009).

2011 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 649-653 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian Messier ◽  
Nicolas Bélanger ◽  
Jacques Brisson ◽  
Martin J. Lechowicz ◽  
Dominique Gravel
Keyword(s):  
Acer Saccharum ◽  
Sugar Maple ◽  
Complex Dynamics ◽  
Base Cations ◽  
Base Cation ◽  
Hardwood Forests ◽  
Fagus Grandifolia ◽  
Soil Base ◽  
American Beech ◽  
Atmospheric Acid Deposition

In a recent rapid communication, Duchesne and Ouimet (2009. Can. J. For. Res. 39: 2273–2282) reported that the current expansion of American beech ( Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) in Quebec is mainly caused by soil base cation depletion due to atmospheric acid deposition. They based their conclusions on an examination of the relationships between stem densities in the sapling and tree strata compared against canopy composition and the availability of base cations in 426 sample plots. Here in this comment, we raise some shortcomings with their study and provide a more prudent and complete perspective on the complex dynamics associated with fluctuations in American beech and sugar maple ( Acer saccharum Marsh.).

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document