scholarly journals Diets with corn oil and/or low protein increase acute acetaminophen hepatotoxicity compared to diets with beef tallow in a rat model

2009 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinah Hwang
Keyword(s):  
Rat Model ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity

scholarly journals Diets with Beef Tallow Prevent Acute Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity Compared to Diets with Soybean Oil in a Rat Model

2010 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 404-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinah Hwang ◽  
Hyun-Jeong Kwak ◽  
Joong-Yeon Lim ◽  
Eugene Shim
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Oil ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Acetaminophen Hepatotoxicity

Supplementation of a low protein diet in an attempt to optimize egg mass output

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D. Summers ◽  
J. L. Atkinson ◽  
D. Spratt
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Egg Mass ◽  
Minimum Requirement ◽  
Low Protein

Pullets were brought into production on a low-protein corn, soybean meal diet to which various nutrients including essential amino acids, choline, corn oil and feathermeal were supplemented. Production commenced between 18 and 20 wk of age and up to at least 60% production, hens fed the low protein diets (10% CP) produced at least as many eggs and as great an egg mass as these given a 17% protein corn, soybean meal control diet. Pullets fed the corn, soybean meal test diets, peaked at around 80% as compared to slightly over 90% for the control. Egg production immediately fell for birds fed the test diets to around 70% for most of the test treatments. Body weight remained constant or fell after peak production for birds fed the test diets as compared to a normal increase for birds on the control diet. Egg size increased for the test diets at a rate which was comparable to that of the control birds. In a second experiment, with older hens, supplementation of the 10% protein test diet with methionine, lysine, arginine and tryptophan, resulted in intakes of these amino acids which met NRC minimum requirement levels. However, egg mass output was reduced approximately 11% compared to the 17% protein control diet. While intakes of several essential amino acids fell below requirement levels, the degree that valine was calculated to be deficient in both experiments corresponded closely with the reduction in egg mass output of hens fed the test as compared to the control diet. Key words: Lysine, methionine, egg weight, body weight, hens.

scholarly journals The Effects of Tocotrienol on Bone Peptides in a Rat Model of Osteoporosis Induced by Metabolic Syndrome: The Possible Communication between Bone Cells

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (18) ◽  
pp. 3313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sok Kuan Wong ◽  
Kok-Yong Chin ◽  
Soelaiman Ima-Nirwana
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Animal Studies ◽  
Bone Cells ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Bone Remodelling Process ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Fgf 23

A positive association between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and osteoporosis has been demonstrated in previous animal studies. The mechanisms of MetS in orchestrating the bone remodelling process have traditionally focused on the interactions between mature osteoblasts and osteoclasts, while the role of osteocytes is unexplored. Our earlier studies demonstrated the bone-promoting effects of tocotrienol using a rat model of osteoporosis induced by MetS. This study aimed to investigate the expression of osteocyte-derived peptides in the bone of rats with MetS-induced osteoporosis treated with tocotrienol. Age-matched male Wistar rats (12-week-old; n = 42) were divided into seven experimental groups. Two groups served as the baseline and normal group, respectively. The other five groups were fed with a high-carbohydrate high-fat (HCHF) diet to induce MetS. The five groups of HCHF animals were treated with tocopherol-stripped corn oil (vehicle), annatto tocotrienol (60 and 100 mg/kg), and palm tocotrienol (60 and 100 mg/kg) starting from week 8. At the end of the study, the rats were sacrificed and their right tibias were harvested. Protein was extracted from the metaphyseal region of the proximal right tibia and levels of bone peptides, including osteoprotegerin (OPG), soluble receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (sRANKL), sclerostin (SOST), Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK-1), fibroblast growth factor-23 (FGF-23), and parathyroid hormone (PTH), were measured. The vehicle-treated animals displayed higher levels of sRANKL, SOST, DKK-1, FGF-23, and PTH as compared to the normal animals. Oral supplementation of annatto and palm tocotrienol (60 and 100 mg/kg) reduced the levels of sRANKL and FGF-23 in the HCHF animals. Only 100 mg/kg annatto and palm tocotrienol lowered SOST and DKK-1 levels in the HCHF animals. In conclusion, tocotrienol exerts potential skeletal-promoting benefit by modulating the levels of osteocytes-derived bone-related peptides.

scholarly journals The effects of diet on the esterification of glycerol phosphate, dihydroxyacetone phosphate and 2-hexadecylglycerol by homogenates of rat adipose tissue

1976 ◽  
Vol 160 (3) ◽  
pp. 701-706 ◽  
Author(s):  
P F Dodds ◽  
D N Brindley ◽  
M I Gurr
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Specific Activity ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Dihydroxyacetone Phosphate ◽  
Glycerol Phosphate ◽  
Triacylglycerol Content ◽  
Rat Adipose Tissue

1. Male rats were fed for 5 weeks after weaning on a diet containing (by weight) 59% of starch or on diets that contained 39% of starch and 20% of either sucrose, beef tallow or corn oil. 2. The rats fed on the beef tallow consumed more energy than did the rats fed on the starch and sucrose diets. The rats fed on the corn oil drank less water than did the other groups of rats. 3. There were no significant differences between the four groups in terms of body-weight gain, epididymal-fat-pad weight and in the size, number and triacylglycerol content of the adipocytes in the fat-pads. 4. There was a significant correlation (P < 0.001) between the activities of glycerol phosphate acyltransferase and monoacylglycerol acyltransferase in individual rats. Both of these activities were highest in the group fed on the high-starch diet and both correlated with the consumption of glucose by individual rats in the four groups. 5. The percentage of glycerol phosphate converted into diacylglycerol and triacylglycerol was positively correlated with the mean diameters, surface area and triacylglycerol content of the adipocytes for individual rats and was greates in the sucrose-fed rats. 6. The specific activity of dihydroxyacetone phosphate acyltransferase was highest in the rats fed on beef tallow. This activity was positively correlated with the energy intake for all dietary groups over the 5-week feeding period. 7. The results are discussed in terms of the functions of the three routes of glycerolipid synthesis in adipose tissue.

Long-term feeding of various fat diets modulates azoxymethane-induced colon carcinogenesis through Wnt/β-catenin signaling in rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (4) ◽  
pp. G1150-G1156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takehiro Fujise ◽  
Ryuichi Iwakiri ◽  
Takashi Kakimoto ◽  
Ryosuke Shiraishi ◽  
Yasuhisa Sakata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wnt Signaling ◽  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Wnt Signaling Pathway ◽  
Colon Carcinogenesis ◽  
Brdu Incorporation ◽  
Cyclin D ◽  
Colon Mucosa ◽  
Colon Tumorigenesis

The Wnt signaling pathway plays an essential role in carcinogenesis, and the amount of fat intake and composition of dietary fatty acids are crucial factors for colon carcinogenesis. We investigated whether various dietary fats affected the Wnt signaling pathway of colon tumorigenesis in azoxymethane (AOM)-treated rats. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given intraperitoneal injections of AOM and supplemented with 10% corn, olive, beef, and fish oil for 44 wk. Aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and tumors were examined at 12 and 44 wk. Normal appearing colon mucosal proliferation and apoptosis were evaluated by 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation and percentages of fragmented DNA, respectively. Expressions of β-catenin, cyclin D1, Wnt2, Wnt3, and Wnt5a of normal appearing colon mucosa were analyzed by Western blot analysis. Long-term dietary corn oil and beef tallow increased ACF, tumor incidence, and tumor numbers in AOM-treated rats. In contrast, both olive and fish oil inhibited them. Dietary corn oil and beef tallow increased BrdU incorporation and the expression of cytosolic β-catenin and cyclin D1 and decreased apoptosis in the colon mucosa. Expressions of Wnt2 and Wnt3 in rats fed with beef tallow and Wnt5a in rats fed with corn oil increased with or without AOM-treatment. BrdU-incorporated cells were often observed at the tops of crypts in rats fed with beef tallow, whereas this was not observed in rats fed with the other diet. Long-term high intake of corn oil and beef tallow enhanced cell proliferation through Wnt signaling and modulated the distribution of proliferating cells, which might contribute to promoting effects in colon tumorigenesis.

Comparison of the effects of dietary beef tallow and corn oil on pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model

1990 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 745-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diane F. Birt ◽  
Alan D. Julius ◽  
Emily Dwork ◽  
Tonia Hanna ◽  
Lenora T. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Beef Tallow ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Hamster Model ◽  
Pancreatic Carcinogenesis

scholarly journals Interactions between protein and vegetable oils in the maternal diet determine the programming of the insulin axis in the rat

2007 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 912-920 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher A. Maloney ◽  
Christina Lilley ◽  
Alicja Czopek ◽  
Susan M. Hay ◽  
William D. Rees
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Stock Diet ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Soya Oil ◽  
Protein Diets

The available evidence suggests that metabolic control mechanisms are programmed early in life. Previous studies of pregnant rats fed low-protein diets have suggested that the vegetable oils used in the experimental diets influence the outcome. The present study investigated the offspring of female rats fed semi-synthetic diets containing either 180 or 90 g casein/kg with 70 g/kg (w/w) of either corn oil or soya oil during gestation. During lactation, the dams received stock diet, and the offspring were subsequently weaned onto the stock diet. The offspring of dams fed the low-protein diets were smaller at birth. At 25 weeks of age, the offspring were subjected to an oral glucose tolerance test. In the offspring of dams fed the diet containing soya oil, the area under the insulin curve was affected by the protein content of the maternal diet. There was no effect of protein on the area under the insulin curve in the offspring of dams fed the diet prepared with corn oil. There were no differences in plasma glucose concentrations. The levels of mRNA for acetyl-CoA carboxylase-1 in the livers of female offspring were affected by the protein and oil content of the maternal diet. The level of carnitine palmitoyl transferase mRNA was affected by the protein content of the maternal diet. The present study suggests that PUFA in the maternal diet can interact with protein metabolism to influence the development of the offspring. This may involve the higher content of α-linolenic acid in soya oil compared with corn oil.

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