The Gut Microbiome and Pre-systemic Metabolism: Current State and Evolving Research

2010 ◽  
Vol 01 (02) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver Grundmann
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current State

scholarly journals Current State of Knowledge on Implications of Gut Microbiome for Surgical Conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 1112-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edmund B. Chen ◽  
Cori Cason ◽  
Jack A. Gilbert ◽  
Karen J. Ho
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current State ◽  
Surgical Conditions

scholarly journals The Gut Microbiome and Schizophrenia: The Current State of the Field and Clinical Applications

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Szeligowski ◽  
Alexandra Lim Yun ◽  
Belinda R. Lennox ◽  
Philip W. J. Burnet
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Clinical Applications ◽  
Current State ◽  
State Of The Field

scholarly journals Sick Individuals and Sick (Microbial) Populations: Challenges in Epidemiology and the Microbiome

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Audrey Renson ◽  
Pamela Herd ◽  
Jennifer B. Dowd
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Human Microbiome ◽  
Specific Area ◽  
Microbial Populations ◽  
Current State ◽  
New Frontier ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Robust Measures ◽  
Review Current

The human microbiome represents a new frontier in understanding the biology of human health. While epidemiology in this area is still in its infancy, its scope will likely expand dramatically over the coming years. To rise to the challenge, we argue that epidemiology should capitalize on its population perspective as a critical complement to molecular microbiome research, allowing for the illumination of contextual mechanisms that may vary more across populations rather than among individuals. We first briefly review current research on social context and the gut microbiome, focusing specifically on socioeconomic status (SES) and race/ethnicity. Next, we reflect on the current state of microbiome epidemiology through the lens of one specific area, the association of the gut microbiome and metabolic disorders. We identify key methodological shortcomings of current epidemiological research in this area, including extensive selection bias, the use of noncompositionally robust measures, and a lack of attention to social factors as confounders or effect modifiers.

scholarly journals The Role of the Gut Microbiome in Predicting Response to Diet and the Development of Precision Nutrition Models—Part I: Overview of Current Methods

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 953-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Riley L Hughes ◽  
Maria L Marco ◽  
James P Hughes ◽  
Nancy L Keim ◽  
Mary E Kable
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Interindividual Variability ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Current State ◽  
Nutrition Research ◽  
The Individual

ABSTRACT Health care is increasingly focused on health at the individual level. In the rapidly evolving field of precision nutrition, researchers aim to identify how genetics, epigenetics, and the microbiome interact to shape an individual's response to diet. With this understanding, personalized responses can be predicted and dietary advice can be tailored to the individual. With the integration of these complex sources of data, an important aspect of precision nutrition research is the methodology used for studying interindividual variability in response to diet. This article stands as the first in a 2-part review of current research investigating the contribution of the gut microbiota to interindividual variability in response to diet. Part I reviews the methods used by researchers to design and carry out such studies as well as the statistical and bioinformatic methods used to analyze results. Part II reviews the findings of these studies, discusses gaps in our current knowledge, and summarizes directions for future research. Taken together, these reviews summarize the current state of knowledge and provide a foundation for future research on the role of the gut microbiome in precision nutrition.

scholarly journals The current state and future direction of DoD gut microbiome research: a summary of the first DoD gut microbiome informational meeting

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven Arcidiacono ◽  
Jason W. Soares ◽  
J. Philip Karl ◽  
Linda Chrisey ◽  
C. P. T. Blair C. R. Dancy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Current State ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
Future Direction

scholarly journals Workshop report: Toward the development of a human whole stool reference material for metabolomic and metagenomic gut microbiome measurements

Metabolomics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupasri Mandal ◽  
Raul Cano ◽  
Cindy D. Davis ◽  
David Hayashi ◽  
Scott A. Jackson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
Reference Material ◽  
North America ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Community Needs ◽  
The North ◽  
Current State ◽  
Course Of Action ◽  
Microbiome Research ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Introduction To date, there has been little effort to develop standards for metabolome-based gut microbiome measurements despite the significant efforts toward standard development for DNA-based microbiome measurements. Objectives The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), The BioCollective (TBC), and the North America Branch of the International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI North America) are collaborating to extend NIST’s efforts to develop a Human Whole Stool Reference Material for the purpose of method harmonization and eventual quality control. Methods The reference material will be rationally designed for adequate quality assurance and quality control (QA/QC) for underlying measurements in the study of the impact of diet and nutrition on functional aspects of the host gut microbiome and relationships of those functions to health. To identify which metabolites deserve priority in their value assignment, NIST, TBC, and ILSI North America jointly conducted a workshop on September 12, 2019 at the NIST campus in Gaithersburg, Maryland. The objective of the workshop was to identify metabolites for which evidence indicates relevance to health and disease and to decide on the appropriate course of action to develop a fit-for-purpose reference material. Results This document represents the consensus opinions of workshop participants and co-authors of this manuscript, and provides additional supporting information. In addition to developing general criteria for metabolite selection and a preliminary list of proposed metabolites, this paper describes some of the strengths and limitations of this initiative given the current state of microbiome research. Conclusions Given the rapidly evolving nature of gut microbiome science and the current state of knowledge, an RM (as opposed to a CRM) measured for multiple metabolites is appropriate at this stage. As the science evolves, the RM can evolve to match the needs of the research community. Ultimately, the stool RM may exist in sequential versions. Beneficial to this evolution will be a clear line of communication between NIST and the stakeholder community to ensure alignment with current scientific understanding and community needs.

scholarly journals Psoriasis and Gut Microbiome—Current State of Art

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4529
Author(s):  
Karina Polak ◽  
Beata Bergler-Czop ◽  
Michał Szczepanek ◽  
Kamila Wojciechowska ◽  
Aleksandra Frątczak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Current State ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Bowel Diseases ◽  
Triggering Factor ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Gut Microbiota Composition

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated inflammatory disease that affects around 125 million people worldwide. Several studies concerning the gut microbiota composition and its role in disease pathogenesis recently demonstrated significant alterations among psoriatic patients. Certain parameters such as Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio or Psoriasis Microbiome Index were developed in order to distinguish between psoriatic and healthy individuals. The “leaky gut syndrome” and bacterial translocation is considered by some authors as a triggering factor for the onset of the disease, as it promotes chronic systemic inflammation. The alterations were also found to resemble those in inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity and certain cardiovascular diseases. Microbiota dysbiosis, depletion in SCFAs production, increased amount of produced TMAO, dysregulation of the pathways affecting the balance between lymphocytes populations seem to be the most significant findings concerning gut physiology in psoriatic patients. The gut microbiota may serve as a potential response-to-treatment biomarker in certain cases of biological treatment. Oral probiotics administration as well as fecal microbial transplantation were most reported in bringing health benefits to psoriatic patients. However, the issue of psoriatic bacterial gut composition, its role and healing potential needs further investigation. Here we reviewed the literature on the current state of the relationship between psoriasis and gut microbiome.

scholarly journals Precision Nutrition and the Microbiome, Part I: Current State of the Science

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan Mills ◽  
Catherine Stanton ◽  
Jonathan Lane ◽  
Graeme Smith ◽  
R. Ross
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Bioactive Metabolites ◽  
Metabolic Potential ◽  
Current State ◽  
Optimal Health ◽  
Dietary Components ◽  
State Of The Science

The gut microbiota is a highly complex community which evolves and adapts to its host over a lifetime. It has been described as a virtual organ owing to the myriad of functions it performs, including the production of bioactive metabolites, regulation of immunity, energy homeostasis and protection against pathogens. These activities are dependent on the quantity and quality of the microbiota alongside its metabolic potential, which are dictated by a number of factors, including diet and host genetics. In this regard, the gut microbiome is malleable and varies significantly from host to host. These two features render the gut microbiome a candidate ‘organ’ for the possibility of precision microbiomics—the use of the gut microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to specific dietary constituents to generate precision diets and interventions for optimal health. With this in mind, this two-part review investigates the current state of the science in terms of the influence of diet and specific dietary components on the gut microbiota and subsequent consequences for health status, along with opportunities to modulate the microbiota for improved health and the potential of the microbiome as a biomarker to predict responsiveness to dietary components. In particular, in Part I, we examine the development of the microbiota from birth and its role in health. We investigate the consequences of poor-quality diet in relation to infection and inflammation and discuss diet-derived microbial metabolites which negatively impact health. We look at the role of diet in shaping the microbiome and the influence of specific dietary components, namely protein, fat and carbohydrates, on gut microbiota composition.

scholarly journals Glycan Utilisation and Function in the Microbiome of Weaning Infants

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (7) ◽  
pp. 190 ◽  
Author(s):  
Starin McKeen ◽  
Wayne Young ◽  
Karl Fraser ◽  
Nicole C. Roy ◽  
Warren C. McNabb
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Dietary Recommendations ◽  
Immune Development ◽  
Host Interactions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Infant Gut Microbiome ◽  
Dramatic Shift ◽  
And Function

Glycans are present exogenously in the diet, expressed and secreted endogenously by host cells, and produced by microbes. All of these processes result in them being available to the gut microbiome, firmly placing glycans at the interface of diet–microbe–host interactions. The most dramatic shift in dietary sources of glycans occurs during the transition from the milk-based neonatal diet to the diverse omnivorous adult diet, and this has profound effects on the composition of the gut microbiome, gene expression by microbes and host cells, mucin composition, and immune development from innate towards adaptive responses. Understanding the glycan-mediated interactions occurring during this transitional window may inform dietary recommendations to support gut and immune development during a vulnerable age. This review aims to summarise the current state of knowledge on dietary glycan mediated changes that may occur in the infant gut microbiome and immune system during weaning.

ESEM - A multipurpose surface Electron Microscope

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 632-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.D. Danilatos
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Environmental Scanning ◽  
Gas Composition ◽  
Saturated Water Vapor ◽  
Surface Electron ◽  
Current State ◽  
Saturated Water ◽  
New Type ◽  
Temperature And Pressure

Over recent years a new type of electron microscope - the environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM) - has been developed for the examination of specimen surfaces in the presence of gases. A detailed series of reports on the system has appeared elsewhere. A review summary of the current state and potential of the system is presented here.The gas composition, temperature and pressure can be varied in the specimen chamber of the ESEM. With air, the pressure can be up to one atmosphere (about 1000 mbar). Environments with fully saturated water vapor only at room temperature (20-30 mbar) can be easily maintained whilst liquid water or other solutions, together with uncoated specimens, can be imaged routinely during various applications.

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