Antioxidant Activity of Rhubarb (Rheum rhabarbarum L.) Extract and Its Main Component Emodin

2018 ◽  
Vol 06 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hae Won Jang ◽  
Wan-Hsuan Hsu ◽  
Matt J Hengel ◽  
Takayuki Shibamoto
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Main Component

scholarly journals KARAKTERISASI DAN AKTIVITAS ANTIOKSIDAN SERAT PANGAN DARI TEPUNG KULIT LEMON CUI (Citrus microcarpa)

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Oki Oktaviani Dika ◽  
Edi Suryanto ◽  
Lidya Momuat
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Fundamental Change ◽  
Water Solvent ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
Ft Ir ◽  
Phenolic Extract ◽  
Main Component

Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengekstraksi dan mengkarakterisasi antioksidan serat pangan dari kulit lemon cui (Citrus microcarpa) dengan perbedaan pelarut menggunakan gelombang ultrasonik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tepung kulit lemon cui yang diekstraksi dengan perbedaan pelarut  tidak mengalami perubahan mendasar pada komponen utama ditunjukkan pada hasil spectra Fourier Transfrom Infra Red (FT-IR). Karakterisasi secara kimia menunjukkan TPKLC memiliki kandungan air (8,49%), abu (4,44%), lemak (0,8%), protein (12,45%), dan karbohidrat (73,99%). AKLC mengandung air (1,71%), abu (4,41%), lemak (0,56%), protein (10,56%), karbohidrat (82,76%). EKLC mengandung air (7,88%), abu (6,18%), lemak (1,04%), protein (7,68%), karbohidrat (77,22%). Hasil pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak fenolik EKLC (96,48%) tertinggi diikuti oleh ekstrak fenolik AKLC (95,45%), dan ekstrak fenolik TPKLC (94,29%).Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa dengan pelarut etanol dapat meningkatkan aktivitas antioksidan dibanding dengan pelarut aquades.ABSTRACTObjective of this study to extract and characterize antioxidant dietary fiber from lemon peel cui (Citrusmicrocarpa)with different solvents using wave ultrasonic. The results showed that the lemon cui peel powder extracted with different solvents did not experience a fundamental change in the main component as shown in the results of the Fourier Transfrom Infra Red (FT-IR) spectra. Chemical characterization showed that TPKLC contained water (8.49%), ash (4.44%), fat (0.8%), protein (12.45%), and carbohydrates (73.99%). AKLC contains water (1.71%), ash (4.41%), fat (0.56%), protein (10.56%), carbohydrates (82.76%). EKLC contains water (7.88%), ash (6.18%), fat (1.04%), protein (7.68%), carbohydrates (77.22%). The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the highest EKLC phenolic extract (96.48%) was followed by AKLC phenolic extract (95.45%), and TPKLC phenolic extract (94.29%). The results of this study indicate that ethanol solvent can increase antioxidant activity compared to distilled water solvent.

scholarly journals Larvicidal evaluation of the Origanum majorana L. Essential Oil against the larvae of the Aedes aegypti mosquito

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renata do Socorro Barbosa Chaves ◽  
Rosany Lopes Martins ◽  
Alex Bruno Lobato Rodrigues ◽  
Érica de Menezes Rabelo ◽  
Ana Luzia Ferreira Farias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Aedes Aegypti ◽  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Artemia Salina ◽  
High Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Origanum Majorana ◽  
Main Component

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated the larvicidal activity of O. majorana essential oil, identified the chemical composition, evaluated the antimicrobial, cytotoxic and antioxidant potential. The larvicidal activity was evaluated against larvae of the third stage of Aedes aegypti, whereas the chemical composition was identified by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometer, the antimicrobial activity was carried out against the bacteria Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus auereus, the antioxidant activity was evaluated from of 2.2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazila sequestration and Artemia salina cytotoxicity. Regarding to the results, the larvicidal activity showed that O. majorana essential oil caused high mortality in A. aegypti larvae. In the chromatographic analysis, the main component found in O. majorana essential oil was pulegone (57.05%), followed by the other components verbenone (16.92%), trans-p-menthan-2-one (8.57%), iso-menthone (5.58%), piperitone (2.83%), 3-octanol (2.35%) and isopulegol (1.47%). The antimicrobial activity showed that E. coli and P. aeruginosa bacteria were more sensitive to oil than S. aureus, which was resistant at all concentrations. Essential oil did not present antioxidant activity, but it has high cytotoxic activity against A. salina.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization of essential oils and antioxidant activity of Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea

2019 ◽  
pp. 33-42
Author(s):  
Redhouane Benfares ◽  
Affaf Kord ◽  
Khaled Boudjema ◽  
Manel Bouarab ◽  
Soumia Benrabah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Dictyota Dichotoma ◽  
Chemical Screening ◽  
Similar Chemical ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Chemical Profiles ◽  
Main Component

The work focuses on the study of two brown algae Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea. Extracts obtained by different organic solvents (dichloromethane, hexane, acetone, methanol, chloroform) were screened for their DPPH antiradical activity, whereas essential oils obtained by steam distillation were chemically characterized by GC-MS. Steam distillation yielded 0.07 and 0.095% of the essential oils for Dictyota dichotoma and Dictyopteris membranacea, respectively. The chemical screening of the essential oils of Dictyopteris membranacea and Dictyota dichotoma showed similar chemical profiles. Namely, trans-anethole showed to be the main component in both studied oils, yielding 12.28% and 10.70% for Dictyopteris membranacea and Dictyota dichotoma, respectively. Antioxidant activity of extracts was expressed by IC50 values and was in the range 0.375-1.72 mg/ml.

scholarly journals Essential Oils as Natural Antimicrobial and Antioxidant Products in the Agrifood Indus

2020 ◽  
pp. 55-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Dolores Ibáñez ◽  
M. Pilar López-Gresa ◽  
Purificación Lisón ◽  
Ismael Rodrigo ◽  
José María Bellés ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Phytopathogenic Fungus ◽  
Oregano Essential Oil ◽  
Dpph Method ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Disk Method

Consumers are aware of the dangers arising from the use of synthetic antioxidants and antimicrobials in the agrifood industry, demanding safer and “greener” alternatives. In this study, the antioxidant activity of commercial essential oils through DPPH method, their antimicrobial effects against the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae and the phytopathogenic fungus Fusarium oxysporum by means of the standardized disk method were determined. Clove along with winter savory, cinnamon and oregano essential oils as well as carvacrol showed the highest antioxidant activity comparable to reference standards. Wintergreen essential oil was the most potent inhibitor against P. syringae growth at the highest doses (20 and 10 μL). Oregano essential oil and its main component carvacrol were able to stop the bacterium growth even at the lowest treatment (1 μL). Cinnamon, oregano and peppermint essential oils inhibited F. oxysporum development at all doses (20, 10 and 5 μL) assayed. In general, most of the essential oils displayed more antifungal than antibacterial and antioxidant activities.

scholarly journals Structural Characteristics, Rheological Properties, and Antioxidant Activity of Novel Polysaccharides from “Deer Tripe Mushroom”

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Hewen Hu ◽  
Xu Teng ◽  
Shanshan Zhang ◽  
Tingting Liu ◽  
Xiao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Galacturonic Acid ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Dose Effect ◽  
Precipitation Method ◽  
Molar Ratio ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Main Component

The polysaccharide was extracted by water extraction and alcohol precipitation method from “deer tripe mushroom,” which was domesticated and bred from wild Auricularia delicata in Zambia. The structure of the deer tripe mushroom polysaccharide (DTMP) was characterized by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), and other analytical techniques. And the rheological and gel properties and antioxidant capacities of the polysaccharide were studied. The results showed that DTMP was mainly composed of mannose, fructose, glucose, and galacturonic acid, of which the galacturonic acid was the main component. By calculation, the molar ratio of mannose : fructose : glucose : galactoacid in DTMP is 0.8 : 14.8 : 1.0 : 26.32. The polysaccharide was mainly composed by α-1,4-glycosidic bond. DTMP solution showed a shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) behaviour, and its pseudoplasticity was more obvious at a concentration of 2%. The power law model was used to evaluate the viscosity curves of DTMP, and its viscosity and consistency indices both increased as the concentration increased, whereas both indices decreased as the concentration decreased. The viscosity of the polysaccharide solution changed as the pH changed: the polysaccharide solutions had a higher viscosity at pH = 10. DTMP showed gel-like behaviour (G′ ＞ G″), and the gel strength enhanced with the increase of concentration (2%–10%). In addition, the antioxidant experiment of DTMP showed that it had good antioxidant activity, and there was a significant dose-effect relationship between its activity and concentration in the low concentration range.

scholarly journals Essential Oil Composition, Bioactive Compounds, and Antioxidant Activities in Iberis amara L.

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1984635 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pooran Golkar ◽  
Fariborz Moattar
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Essential Oil Composition ◽  
High Ratio ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Total Carotenoids ◽  
Iberis Amara ◽  
Main Component

This research was carried out to assess essential oils (EOs), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoids (TFD), total flavonols (TFL), total chlorophyll, total carotenoids, total anthocyanins, and different antioxidant activity assays in two plant samples (leaf and bud) of Iberis amara L. The gas chromatography mass spectrophotometry (GC-MS) of the EOs and the head space (HS)-GC-MS of the methanolic leaf extracts identified 34 and 6 different compounds, respectively. The major components of the leaf EOs were carvacrol (9.4%), camphene (6.2%), р-cymene (4.3%), and eugenol (3.8%) respectively, whereas cumin aldehyde (10.4%) was the main component in the bud sample. 1-Butene, 4-isothiocyanate (50%) was identified as the main component in the HS-GC-MS analysis of leaves extract. The highest content of TPC (32.8 ± 0.7 mg GAE/gDW), TFD (28.4 ± 0.7 mg QE/gDW), TFL (11.8 ± 0.06 mg QE/gFW), and anthocyanin (0.4 ±0.02 µmol/g FW) was found in the methanolic extract of leaves. The highest antioxidant activity in the phosphomolibdate assay (628.3 ± 10 µg AAE/gFW) and the least activity in the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay (IC50 = 415 ± 3.1 µg/mL) was found in leaf samples. The high ratio of monoterpene hydrocarbons and oxygenated monoterpenes of the EOs along with the high antioxidant activity propose the application of this medicinal plant for general or specific applications in food industries as a herbal plant.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the lipidic composition and antioxidant activity of the seed oil from grapes ‘Isabel’ and ‘Rose Niagara’

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 176-185
Author(s):  
Vanessa Isoton ◽  
Wendel Silvestre ◽  
Gabriel Pauletti
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Vitis Sp ◽  
Main Component ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Niagara Rosada

Abstract The growth of the wine sector induces an increase in the amounts of waste produced; an alternative to reuse this waste is the extraction of grapeseed oil, which can be used in several applications due to the aroma and antioxidant properties of this oil. This work aimed to evaluate the yield, chemical composition, and antioxidant activity of the seed oil from grapes of the varieties ‘Isabel’ and ‘Rose Niagara’. The oil was extracted using a Soxhlet extractor and hexane as solvent. The oils have had their chemical composition evaluated regarding the presence of fatty acids, which were identified by gas chromatography. The antioxidant capacity of the oils was evaluated by ABTS+ radical scanning. The treatments were the two grape varieties, with five replicates for each treatment. The data underwent analysis of variance and the means were compared by Tukey’s multiple range test at 5% probability. The obtained results of the seed oils showed a statistical difference between varieties. The ‘Isabel’ variety presented a lower oil (19.12 wt.%), content having stearic acid as the main component, with 42.51 wt.%; whereas the ‘Rose Niagara’ (23,15 wt.% yield) variety had oleic acid as the major compound, with 72.08 wt.%. Regarding antioxidant activity, the ‘Isabel’ variety presented itself superior, with a percentage of ABTS+ radical scavenging of 22.11%, whereas the ‘Rose Niagara’ variety presented 20.85%. The seeds of ‘Rose Niagara’ grapes may be employed as a source of oil due to the higher yield and similar antioxidant activity to the seed oil of ‘Isabel’ grapes. Keywords: Fatty acids; Vitis sp; viticulture; antioxidant activity.   Resumo Avaliação da composição lipídica e da atividade antioxidante do óleo de semente de uvas ‘Isabel’ e ‘Niágara rosada’ O crescimento do setor vitivinícola leva a um aumento do volume dos resíduos gerados; uma alternativa reaproveitar estes resíduos é a extração do óleo da semente de uva, que pode ser empregado em diversas áreas, visto que as sementes apresentam propriedades antioxidantes e aromáticas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o rendimento, a composição química e a atividade antioxidante do óleo da semente de uva das cultivares ‘Isabel’ e ‘Niágara Rosada’. O óleo foi extraído utilizando um extrator Soxhlet com hexano como solvente. O óleo teve sua composição química avaliada quanto à presença de ácidos graxos, que foram identificados por cromatografia gasosa. A capacidade antioxidante foi avaliada através da varredura do radical ABTS+. Os tratamentos foram as duas variedades de uva, com cinco repetições por tratamento. Os dados de rendimento e de capacidade antioxidante foram submetidos a ANOVA e teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados obtidos indicaram diferenças entre as cultivares. A cultivar ‘Isabel’ apresentou menor rendimento de óleo (19,12% m/m), tendo como principal componente o ácido esteárico, com 42,51% m/m, enquanto que a cultivar ‘Niágara Rosada’ (rendimento de 23,15% m/m) apresentou o ácido oleico como o principal componente, com 72,08% m/m. Em relação à atividade antioxidante, a variedade ‘Isabel’ apresentou-se superior, com porcentagem de varredura de 22,11% do radical ABTS, enquanto que a variedade ‘Niágara Rosada’ apresentou 20,85%. As sementes de uvas ‘Niágara Rosada’ podem ser utilizadas como fonte de óleo devido ao maior rendimento e atividade antioxidante semelhante ao óleo de semente de uvas ‘Isabel’. Palavras-chave: Ácidos graxos; Vitis sp; viticultura; atividade antioxidante.   Resumen Evaluación de la composición lipídica y actividad antioxidante del aceite de semilla de uva 'Isabel' y 'Rose Niagara' El crecimiento del sector vitivinícola conlleva un aumento del volumen de residuos generados; una alternativa para reutilizar estos residuos es extraer el aceite de la semilla de uva, que puede ser utilizado en la industria alimentaria, farmacéutica y cosmética, ya que las semillas tienen propiedades antioxidantes y aromáticas. Este trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar el rendimiento, la composición química y la actividad antioxidante del aceite de semilla de uvas de las variedades 'Isabel' y 'Rose Niagara'. El aceite se extrajo usando un extractor Soxhlet y hexano como disolvente. Los aceites han tenido su composición química evaluada por cromatografía de gases. También se evaluó la capacidad antioxidante de los aceites extraídos. Los tratamientos fueron las dos variedades de uva, con cinco repeticiones por tratamiento. Los datos se sometieron a ANOVA y prueba de rango múltiple de Tukey con una probabilidad del 5%. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron diferencias estadísticas entre las variedades. La uva "Isabel" presentó un contenido de aceite más bajo, con ácido esteárico como componente principal (42.51% en peso); mientras que el "Rose Niagara" tenía ácido oleico como compuesto principal (72.08% en peso). En cuanto a la actividad antioxidante, la variedad "Isabel" presentó un porcentaje de barrido radical ABTS + del 22.11%, mientras que la variedad "Rose Niagara" presentó el 20.85%. Las semillas de las uvas "Rose Niagara" se pueden utilizar como fuente de aceite debido al mayor rendimiento y la actividad antioxidante similar al aceite de semilla de las uvas "Isabel". Palabras-clave: Ácidos grasos; Vitis sp; viticultura; actividad antioxidante.

scholarly journals Characterization of Curcuminoid from Curcuma xanthorrhiza and Its Activity Test as Antioxidant and Antibacterial

Molekul ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 79
Author(s):  
Sri Atun ◽  
Nurfina Aznam ◽  
Retno Arianingrum ◽  
Senam Senam ◽  
Bian Ihda An Naila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Pathogenic Bacteria ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Activity Test ◽  
Medium Activity ◽  
Main Component

Curcuminoids are the main component found in many Zingiberaceae family plants. The aim of this study was to characterize curcuminoid and its activity test as an antioxidant and antibacterial. Dryed powder of C. xanthorrhiza (1 kg) was macerated with ethanol for 24 hours at room temperature. Ethanol extract of C. xanthorrhiza was subsequently fractionated with n-hexane and chloroform to take the yellow or orange indicated contain of curcuminoids. Analysis of total phenolic levels was carried out by the Follin-Ciaocalteau method. The isolation of curcuminoid componens from this fraction  was carried out by chromatographic method and the structure elucidation was performed by interpretation of spectroscopic data, including UV, IR, 1H and 13C NMR 1D and 2D. The antioxidant activity test used the DPPH (2,2-diphenylpicrylhydrazyl) method, while the antibacterial activity test used Kirby Bauer test diffusion method. The results showed that the curcuminoid fraction yield was 10.06%  from ethanol extract C. xanthorrhiza. The total phenolic content of curcuminoids fraction was 745.45 ± 18.5 mg galic acid (GA)/g extract. Curcuminoids fraction was isolated a known compound desmethoxycurcumin (1). The content of demethoxycurcumin (1) in curcuminoid fraction is 20.97 %.The antioxidant activity of curcuminoids fraction showed strongest activity with IC50 24.98 µg/ml. Antibacterial activity against of the four pathogenic bacteria showed medium activity. The study suggests that curcuminoids extract from C. xanthorrhiza rhizome have potential compounds could be suitable for antioxidant and the treatment of various infections caused of microbial.

Total etch dentin bonding systems: scanning electron microscopy of the resin-dentin hybrid layer

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1092-1093
Author(s):  
Jorge Perdigao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Resin ◽  
Mechanical Interlocking ◽  
Hybrid Layer ◽  
Agent Based ◽  
Dentin Bonding ◽  
Acid Agent ◽  
Bond Strengths ◽  
Main Component ◽  
Bonding Systems ◽  
New Generation

In 1955, Buonocore introduced the etching of enamel with phosphoric acid. Bonding to enamel was created by mechanical interlocking of resin tags with enamel prisms. Enamel is an inert tissue whose main component is hydroxyapatite (98% by weight). Conversely, dentin is a wet living tissue crossed by tubules containing cellular extensions of the dental pulp. Dentin consists of 18% of organic material, primarily collagen. Several generations of dentin bonding systems (DBS) have been studied in the last 20 years. The dentin bond strengths associated with these DBS have been constantly lower than the enamel bond strengths. Recently, a new generation of DBS has been described. They are applied in three steps: an acid agent on enamel and dentin (total etch technique), two mixed primers and a bonding agent based on a methacrylate resin. They are supposed to bond composite resin to wet dentin through dentin organic component, forming a peculiar blended structure that is part tooth and part resin: the hybrid layer.

Improvement of cytoprotective and antioxidant activity of Rosa canina L. and Salix alba L. by controlled differential sieving process against H2O2-induced oxidative stress in mouse primary splenocytes

2017 ◽  
Vol 87 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidhal Soualeh ◽  
Aliçia Stiévenard ◽  
Elie Baudelaire ◽  
Rachid Soulimani ◽  
Jaouad Bouayed
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Biological Activities ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Salix Alba ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Free Process ◽  
Plant Powders ◽  
Sieving Process

Abstract. In this study, cytoprotective and antioxidant activities of Rosa canina (RC) and Salix alba (SA), medicinal plants, were studied on mouse primary splenocytes by comparing Controlled Differential Sieving process (CDSp), which is a novel green solvent-free process, versus a conventional technique, employing hydroethanolic extraction (HEE). Thus, preventive antioxidant activity of three plant powders of homogeneous particle sizes, 50–100 µm, 100–180 µm and 180–315 µm, dissolved directly in the cellular buffer, were compared to those of hydroethanolic (HE) extract, at 2 concentrations (250 and 500 µg/mL) in H2O2-treated spleen cells. Overall, compared to HE extract, the superfine powders, i. e., fractions < 180 µm, at the lowest concentration, resulted in greater reactive oxygen species (ROS) elimination, increased glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and lower malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Better antioxidant and preventive effects in pre-treated cells were found with the superfine powders for SA (i. e., 50–100 µm and 100–180 µm, both p < 0.001), and with the intermediate powder for RC (i. e., 100–180 µm, p < 0.05) versus HE extract. The activity levels of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) in pretreated splenocytes exposed to H2O2, albeit reduced, were near to those in unexposed cells, suggesting that pretreatment with the fine powders has relatively restored the normal levels of antioxidant-related enzymes. These findings supported that CDSp improved the biological activities of plants, avoiding the use of organic solvents and thus it could be a good alternative to conventional extraction techniques.

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