scholarly journals https://www.kau.edu.sa/Files/320/Researches/60264_31074.pdf

2011 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-201
Author(s):  
Mohammed Amin M. Sharaf Mohammed Amin M. Sharaf
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Major And Trace Elements ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mineral Contents ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Sedimentary Succession ◽  
High Concentrations

This study dealt with the hydrochemistry of As Suqah area, NE of Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The study is based on the analyses of the major and trace elements of 16 water samples. The groundwater shows relatively high concentrations in their overall mineral contents and a high EC, TDS, and total hardness as CaCO3. Two groundwater types were identified in the As Suqah area: Na-Mg-Ca-Cl-SO4 and Na-Ca-Mg-Cl water types. Sodium adsorption ratio has a mean value of 14.39. The exchangeable sodium ratio has a mean value of 0.456 and a maximum value of 1.706. The average magnesium hazard was found to be about 49.97. The groundwater in As Suqah area was slightly supersaturated with respect to calcite and supersaturated with respect to dolomite. The mean saturation indices for these species are 1.21 and 2.60 respectively. The main hydrochemical processes responsible for the above discussed variation in water quality are recharge, ion-exchange and mineral dissolution. The water quality within the sedimentary succession was found to be of relatively higher salinity. Its use is restricted for domestic use only if adequately treated.

scholarly journals Assessment of three different parameters of urban ponds at Rajshahi, Bangladesh

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 59-63
Author(s):  
FA Flowra ◽  
JK Ghosh ◽  
AS Tumpa ◽  
SN Jahan
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Temperature ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ammonium Ion ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Co2

Context: Physico-chemical factors directly affect the water quality. Biological parameters varied from pond to pond according to the water quality. Objective: To assess the physico-chemical conditions and plankton abundance in the studied ponds. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out for a period of seven months from June, 2008 to December, 2008 in six ponds of Rajshahi Metropolitan area. Surface water samples were collected once a month at 10-11 am in black plastic bottle and analyzed for the estimation of different parameters. Water temperature, transparency, pH, dissolved oxygen (DO), free carbon dioxide (CO2), biological oxygen demand (BOD), nitrite nitrogen (NO2––N), nitrite (NO2), toxic ammonia, ammonium ion (NH4+) and total hardness were measured. The density of plankton was also estimated. Results: The mean values of water temperature varied from 28.73 ± 3.98 (Pond 6) to 29.56 ± 4.68°C (Pond 4) and the pH varied from 7.37 ± 0.26 (Pond 6) to 8.57±0.26 (Pond 4). The DO varied 1.66 ± 1.03 (Pond 1) to 4.68 ± 0.36 mg/l (Pond 6) and the mean value of free CO2 varied from 4.29 ± 0.37 (Pond 5) to 50.91 ±19.30 mg/l (Pond 3). The total hardness was 136.79 ± 20.28 (Pond 6) to 183.14 ± 51.17 mg/l (Pond 3) with NO2–varied from 0.003 ± 0.002 (Pond 5) to 2.08 ± 0.59 mg/l (Pond 4). The mean total phytoplankton was 28761.43 ± 2912.62 (Pond 2) to 63629.29 ± 20214.44 cells/l (Pond 4) and the mean total zooplankton was 13314.24 ± 3189.70 cells/l (Pond 5) to 18820.00 ± 932.51 cells/l (Pond 4). Conclusion: The deterioration in the physico-chemical quality and plankton population observed in this study is alarming, and periodic monitoring and preventative measures are required to save the aquatic system from eutrophication. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbs.v19i0.13002 J. bio-sci. 19 59-63, 2011

Inorganic Bromide in Higher Fungi

1984 ◽  
Vol 39 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 863-866 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Stijve
Keyword(s):  
Trace Element ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Inorganic Salts ◽  
Chromatographic Methods ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations

Abstract A total of 138 samples of higher fungi, representing 35 species (15 belonging to the genus Amanita), were analysed for the trace element bromine using spectrophotometric and gas chromatographic methods. High concentrations of bromine, up to 100 mg/kg on dry weight, were encountered in Amanitaceae, especially in members of the subsections Phalloideae and Eu-Amanita, whereas in other fungi the mean value for this element was only 3,3 m g/kg. Some bromine-accumulating Amanitas also contained unusually high chlorine levels. Am axi­mum concentration of 3 percent on dry weight was measured in A. phalloides. It could be demonstrated that most, if not all of bromine and chlorine was present in the fungi as ionisable inorganic salts. Two organochlorine metabolites, previously reported in some mushrooms, were absent in A. phalloides and A. muscaria.

A pharmacokinetic study of Genetaxyl (G) together with cyclosporin A (CsA) administered orally in cancer patients

2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12002-12002
Author(s):  
C. Liau ◽  
E. Lepper ◽  
H. Wang ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
T. Chiou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Volume Of Distribution ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Phase Ii Trials ◽  
Patients With Cancer ◽  
The Mean ◽  
High Concentrations ◽  
Apparent Bioavailability ◽  
Dose Levels ◽  
Dose Dependent

12002 Background: Oral administration of paclitaxel given with CsA has shown promising activity in Phase II trials, but the apparent bioavailability is low and dose-dependent due to the presence of high concentrations of Cremophor EL (CrEL). We hypothesized that the use of a novel oral paclitaxel formulation containing only 20% CrEL (Genetaxyl [G]; Genovate Biotechnology Ltd., Taiwan), given with CsA is associated with an improved pharmacokinetic (PK) profile. Methods: Cohorts of 6 patients with cancer were treated with oral G at a dose of 60, 120, or 180 mg/m2 and 10 mg/kg of oral CsA in cycle 1. In cycle 2, patients received IV G (175 mg/m2, 3-h infusion). Three additional patients received generic IV paclitaxel (GIP). Serial blood samples were analyzed by LC/MS/MS and equilibrium dialysis, to determine total and unbound paclitaxel PK. Results: The mean (± SD) total paclitaxel AUCs were 1299±189, 1682±636, and 2204±1407 ng.h/mL at the 3 consecutive dose levels, suggesting nonlinear PK. However, based on unbound AUC, the oral bioavailability was dose-independent (P=.62), with a mean value of 37.2±18.6% (n=15). As expected, the total paclitaxel AUC following IV G (9024±4648 ng·h/mL) was lower than that for IV GIP (13,732±3983 ng·h/mL), as a result of increased clearance (39.6 vs 18.3 L/h) and a larger volume of distribution (768 vs 268 L). Interestingly, the unbound paclitaxel AUC was similar between the two IV formulations (P=.25), as the ratio of unbound/total paclitaxel for G was 2.5 times higher than that for GIP (12.5 vs 4.9%). Toxicity profiles were mild, with only 2 patients experiencing ≥ Gr 3 myelosuppression following oral G at 180 mg/m2. Conclusions: The mean bioavailability of paclitaxel following oral Genetaxyl with CsA was about 37%, which is higher than that observed previously with paclitaxel (range, 21–31%). Further clinical exploration of oral Genetaxyl in taxane-sensitive diseases is warranted. [Table: see text]

scholarly journals Assessment of Variation in Water Quality Index (WQI) of Groundwater in North Goa, India

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gopal Krishan ◽  
C. P. Kumar ◽  
B.K. Purandara ◽  
Surjeet Singh ◽  
N. C Ghosh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Quality Index ◽  
Quality Index ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Variation ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Future Planning ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Domestic Use

A water quality index (WQI) is a tool which numerically summarizes the information from multiple water quality parameters into a single value and this information can be used to assess spatial and temporal variations in overall water quality. However, these indices are time and region specific and may be influenced by local factors. In the present study, water quality index has been worked out to assess the spatial and temporal variation of groundwater quality status for future planning and management of North Goa. Data of 19 groundwater samples were collected in the year 2005 during January, March and April, are used for the analysis. The Water Quality Index has been computed using four parameters viz. pH, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Hardness and Chloride. The WQI results show that the overall water quality class is ‘good’ and water is acceptable for domestic use.

scholarly journals Studi Adaptasi Ikan Seluang (Rasbora agryotaenia) Berdasarkan Tahap Domestikasi dari Perairan Sebangau

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-44
Author(s):  
Tania Serezova Augusta
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Quality Measurement ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cultivation System ◽  
Commercial Feed ◽  
The Mean

This study aims to determine the adaptation of Seluang fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) based on the domestication stage of Sebangau waters. This research started in January until February 2018. The research method used is a survey and experimental observation. The size of the tarpaulin pond used for domestication is 2 x 3 m, with a water height of 30 cm. The number of fish sampled is 200 heads. Feed is given as much as 5% of the total weight of the fish kept, feeding done twice a day (morning and afternoon). This domestication activity is still not perfect, because only part of the life cycle of fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) can be done in the cultivation system (survival and eating commercial feed). During maintenance activities, the amount of feed used was 63.840 g with the final weight of the fish was 16.905 g. Survival rate (SR) of fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) during maintenance was 73.5% and deaths 26.5%. From the calculation is known that the Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) for fish (Rasbora agryotaenia) 2.8. This domestication stage starts with the preparation of maintenance pools, fishing in nature, sorting, distribution, and maintenance. During maintenance, five samples of sample fish were taken and five times the pool water quality measurement. From the five weights of the sample fish, it is known that the average weight of the fish is kept, I = 0.003 g, II = 0.042 g, III = 0.051 g, IV = 0.082 g, V = 0.115 g. From the measurement of water quality of tarpaulin ponds, it is known that the mean value of water quality parameters, for DO ranges from 1.5 to 8.8 mg / L, the pH ranges from 5.5 to 7.2 and temperatures range from 27.4 to 27.7 0C.

The impact of low-flow season on source drinking water quality, Rosetta branch, Egypt

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 477-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Ghodeif ◽  
R. Wahaab ◽  
S. Sorour
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Low Flow ◽  
Drinking Water Source ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Impact

The present work was conducted to document the problems raised regarding low-flow in the Rosetta branch, Egypt and to develop management options to protect drinking water sources. The water quality was monitored during low-flow periods at four drinking water intakes. Results showed an increase in electric conductivity (EC), ammonium (NH4), nitrite (NO2), phosphate (PO4), and total organic carbon (TOC) during the low-flow period. EC ranges from 454 to 1,062 μS/cm and the mean value is 744. Ammonium ranges from 0.38 to 18.5 mg/L and the mean value is 5.45. NO2, PO4, and TOC have mean values of 0.73, 1.85, and 6.71 mg/L, respectively. Statistical evaluation revealed the association of NH4, EC, and PO4 that are good indicators for the load of wastewater. High ammonium often refers to a bad situation regarding oxygen while high nitrite indicates the first oxidation for wastewater through microbiological processes. The low-flow action has a serious impact on drinking water source. A high content of ammonium has delayed coagulation, enhanced algae growth, and prevented the breakpoint being reached during chlorination processes. Potential management options to deal with water scarcity and low-flow, meanwhile reducing the contaminant load in the source drinking water were proposed.

scholarly journals Spatiotemporal Water Quality Assessment of Dumate Al-Jandal Lake (KSA) Using Environmetric Techniques

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 412-437
Author(s):  
Mohammed Sharif Al-Sheraideh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Lake Management ◽  
T Test ◽  
The Other ◽  
Multiple Comparison ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Mean

Environmentally, the objective of the study conducted in evaluating the spatiotemporal water quality asessment using some statistical techniques. Physicochemical characteristics determination applied on Dumate al-Jandal Lake, whether the analysis of water quality is good for agricultural irrigation or other ecosystem services.  Sampling and measurements were taken weekly at five sites started from February 2009 to January 2011. Descriptive analysis as well as the 95% confidence intervals, Wilks’ Lambda Statistics, MANOVA and ANOVA showed no presence of significant difference at the level of p < 0.05 among seasons and between sites, except the mean effect only for some parameter like Iron on the physiochemical parameters whereas a significant difference among the mean of physiochemical characteristics of water data to sites for the parameters like pH and nitrate, while there are no differences among the mean of physiochemical characteristics of water data of sites for the other parameters. Multiple comparison t-test shows the differences between means Sites of (1, 3) and (2, 5) as well as between (3) and (5) for the parameter pH.  Results showed a significant difference at (p < 0.05) between the means of Site (1) and all Sites (3, 4 and 5) as well as between Site (2) and (3) for nitrate,  but a significant difference at (p < 0.05)  among the mean associated with seasons for temperature, electrical conductivity, specific density, sulphate, nitrite, ammonia, chloride, total hardness, total alkalinity, manganese, magnesium and calcium hardness, while there are no differences among the mean of seasons for the other parameters. Whereas results of multiple comparison t-test showed that a differences between the means of season (i) and season (j), for each parameter. The study concluded that some of physicochemical parameters were reflected the presence of pollutants and absence of good ecosystem activities. To avoid seasonal pollution, water lake management are recommended.

scholarly journals Multivariate autoregressive modelling and conditional simulation for temporal uncertainty analysis of an urban water system in Luxembourg

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 193-216
Author(s):  
Jairo Arturo Torres-Matallana ◽  
Ulrich Leopold ◽  
Gerard B. M. Heuvelink
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Monte Carlo ◽  
Uncertainty Propagation ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Water Quantity ◽  
Urban Drainage ◽  
Urban Water ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Input Variables

Abstract. Uncertainty is often ignored in urban water systems modelling. Commercial software used in engineering practice often ignores the uncertainties of input variables and their propagation because of a lack of user-friendly implementations. This can have serious consequences, such as the wrong dimensioning of urban drainage systems (UDSs) and the inaccurate estimation of pollution released to the environment. This paper introduces an uncertainty analysis in urban drainage modelling, built on existing methods and applied to a case study in the Haute-Sûre catchment in Luxembourg. The case study makes use of the EmiStatR model which simulates the volume and substance flows in UDS using simplified representations of the drainage system and processes. A Monte Carlo uncertainty propagation analysis showed that uncertainties in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and ammonium (NH4) loads and concentrations can be large and have a high temporal variability. Furthermore, a stochastic sensitivity analysis that assesses the uncertainty contributions of input variables to the model output response showed that precipitation has the largest contribution to output uncertainty related with water quantity variables, such as volume in the chamber, overflow volume, and flow. Regarding the water quality variables, the input variable related to COD in wastewater has an important contribution to the uncertainty for the COD load (66 %) and COD concentration (62 %). Similarly, the input variable related to NH4 in wastewater plays an important role in the contribution of total uncertainty for the NH4 load (34 %) and NH4 concentration (35 %). The Monte Carlo (MC) simulation procedure used to propagate input uncertainty showed that, among the water quantity output variables, the overflow flow is the most uncertain output variable, with a coefficient of variation (cv) of 1.59. Among water quality variables, the annual average spill COD concentration and the average spill NH4 concentration were the most uncertain model outputs (coefficients of variation of 0.99 and 0.82, respectively). Also, low standard errors for the coefficient of variation were obtained for all seven outputs. These were never greater than 0.05, which indicates that the selected MC replication size (1500 simulations) was sufficient. We also evaluated how the uncertainty propagation can more comprehensively explain the impact of water quality indicators for the receiving river. While the mean model water quality outputs for COD and NH4 concentrations were slightly above the threshold, the 0.95 quantile was 2.7 times above the mean value for COD concentration and 2.4 times above the mean value for NH4. This implies that there is a considerable probability that these concentrations in the spilled combined sewer overflow (CSO) are substantially larger than the threshold. However, COD and NH4 concentration levels of the river water will likely stay below the water quality threshold, due to rapid dilution after CSO spill enters the river.

scholarly journals Seasonal variation and characterization of effluents of fertilizer factory

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-146
Author(s):  
K Fatima ◽  
MK Hossain ◽  
MA Islam
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Nitrite Nitrate

The study was carried out to assess the water quality of the Jamuna river affected by effluents discharged from the nearby Jamuna Fertilizer Company Limited and its temporal change over wet and dry seasons due to change of the physico-chemical parameters. Effluents of the factories and water samples were collected from four different selected stations during the period of June to August 2014 and January to March 2015.The results further revealed that the water samples showed a remarkable variation in physico-chemical parameters during the wet and dry season. In wet season the mean value of temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and chloride were28.63± 3.79 °C, 8.10± 0.85, 664.41± 599.54µscm-1, 370.91± 111.38 ppm, 74.49± 25.90 ppm, 6.11 ± 1.28 ppm, 75.39 ± 140.86 ppm 296.74± 303.03 ppm, 12.31±21.38 ppm,  15.19±24.49 ppm and 15.23±8.72 ppm, respectively In the dry season the mean value of temperature, pH, EC, TDS, TSS, DO, BOD, ammonium, nitrite, nitrate and chloride were31.69 ±3.18°C, 8.44± 0.66, 786.25±551.18µscm1, 338.37± 94.70 ppm, 72.08± 58.83 ppm, 5.45 ± 0.95 ppm, 86.93 ± 159.82 ppm, 347.91± 291.60 ppm, 13.68±23.1 ppm, 18.34± 24.92 ppm and 18.3±9.32 ppm, respectively. The comparative study showed that most of the effluent and water quality parameters were higher in dry season than those of the wet season because in dry season less quantity of water remains in the river and in wet season more water remains in river that has great dilution capacity. For existence and conservation of aquatic resources, it is essential to investigate the water quality and surrounding environment of the river.Progressive Agriculture 26 (2): 136-146, 2015

scholarly journals Hydrochemistry and Application of GIS in Groundwater Quality in Nagalapura Taluk, Bellary District, Karnataka, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maradi Sangrama Nayaka ◽  
T. Suresh ◽  
S. Manjappa ◽  
B. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Geological Structure ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Ionic Ratio ◽  
Wilcox Diagram ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Conservation Of Natural Resources ◽  
Bore Well

The assessment of groundwater quality is essential for the conservation of natural resources. Hence, this study aims to assess the hydrochemistry of groundwater in and around the Nagalapura Taluk in Bellary district, Karnataka, India. The groundwater quality variables are mapped using a Geographic Information System (GIS). For the hypothesis, the mean value of ten groundwater quality variables was obtained from 50 bore well samples (2016-2018). To assess the lead ions and type of water, the USSL, SAR, and Na% were measured. Ionic ratio and Gibbs graphs were used to demonstrate the chemical reactions in the water samples. ArcGIS was used for spatial analysis of the quality variables. The results showed the order of Cl- > SO42- > HCO3- with water types Na+-Cl- and Cl-, and the order of Na+ > Mg++ > Ca++ > K+ with Na+ and Mg++ as the dominant anion and cation, respectively. The hydrochemistry of groundwater is determined by the geological structure in 64 percent of the water samples examined. The Wilcox diagram shows that no-alkali exposure to the crops is expected. Forty one samples (82%) fit within the C3-S1 group; this category is fit for irrigational needs. Only 01 and 03 samples showed maximum SAR during two seasons like pre-monsoon and post-monsoon periods. The maps showed that groundwater in the selected sites is usually of higher quality, whereas the presence of dolomite indicates a reduction in water quality.

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