scholarly journals Heavy Metal Distribution in Street Dust of Urban and Industrial Areas in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia

2012 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-75
Author(s):  
Mansour A. Al Ghamdi Mansour A. Al Ghamdi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Street Dust ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Main Streets ◽  
Cu And Zn

The concentrations of heavy metals namely: Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn were measured in street dust samples. The samples were collected from the urban (Aljamaa district, main streets and substreets) and industrial areas of Jeddah city, Saudi Arabia. The concentrations of the measured metals were significantly higher in the main streets of the urban area than those found in the industrial area and substrates of the urban area. However, Pb was found in the highest levels in industrial area. The concentrations of the individual metals in street dust collected from the main streets and substreets of the urban area and industrial area averaged 70.36, 53.51 and 105.76 µg/g for Pb; 39.71, 24.00 and 27.28 µg/g for Ni; 2.24, 1.32 and 1.57 µg/g for Cd; 72.93, 40.10 and 47.67 µg/g for Cr; 125.52, 83.32 and 93.66 µg/g for Cu; 340.85, 214.10 and 240.50 µg/g for Zn; 10199.42, 7678.84 and 7918.42 µg/g for Fe and 514.15, 389.69 and 400.64 µg/g for Mn, respectively. The ratios of main streets/substreets metal concentration in the urban area were 1.31, 1.65, 1.70, 1.82, 1.51, 1.59, 1.33 and 1.32 for Pb, Ni, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn, respectively. The mean concentrations of measured heavy metals in street dust from both study areas were lower / higher or similar to those detected in other cities of the world. The average concentrations of Cu and Zn in street dust of the main street dusts of the urban area exceeded the permissible limit value of soil. Significant positive correlation coefficients were found between the concentrations of Cr, Cd, Cu and Zn and also between the concentrations of Fe, Mn and Ni, Cr, Cu and Zn in the street dust of the urban area. On the other hand, insignificant positive correlation coefficients were found between the concentrations of Pb and other metals in street dust of the urban area. In the industrial area, significant positive correlation coefficients were found between the concentrations of heavy metals in the street dust.

scholarly journals Evaluation Of The Usefulness Of Spider Webs As An Air Quality Monitoring Tool For Heavy Metals

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 389-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justyna Rybak ◽  
Izabela Spówka ◽  
Anna Zwoździak ◽  
Magdalena Fortuna ◽  
Krystyna Trzepla-Nabagło
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Fine Particulate Matter ◽  
Monitoring Tool ◽  
Spider Webs ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Road Traffic Emissions ◽  
Fine Particulate ◽  
Zn Content

Abstract The study aims at evaluating whether webs reflect the level of air pollution measured with conventional methods. Webs of species Malthonica silvestris (l. KOCH, 1872) (Araneae: Agelenidae) were sampled. Samples were analyzed for heavy metals (Pb, Zn) content. According webs analyses and classic measurements three traffic-oriented sites in Wroclaw (South-West Poland) showed significantly higher mean concentrations of heavy metals than two other sites situated in quieter, low traffic areas. A very strong significant positive correlation was revealed among average concentrations of Zn and Pb associated with fine particulate matter of atmospheric aerosol (PM1) and webs. We also observed a very strong significant positive correlation among Zn and Pb concentrations on webs and PM2.5. Any significant correlation among PM-emission fractions 2.5 and 10 and associated heavy metals and dust deposited on spider webs was not observed. Although spider webs proved useful indicators of environmental pollution the obtained results suggest that this tool should be used to evaluate the emission of heavy metals in the similar way as other bioindicators such as mosses and lichens are commonly used. The measured concentrations on webs do not reflect results obtained with classic methods. We conclude that spider webs are good for bioindication of road traffic emissions, they could be even more reliable compared to use of some other bioindicators whose activity is often limited by the lack of water and sun.

Hot flash placebo responses: Related to baseline hot flash frequency?

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (15_suppl) ◽  
pp. 9628-9628
Author(s):  
J. M. Jones ◽  
C. L. Loprinzi ◽  
R. Qin ◽  
D. L. Barton
Keyword(s):  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Hot Flashes ◽  
Placebo Response ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Baseline Period ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Hot Flash ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Pubmed Search ◽  
Multiple Treatments

9628 Background: As multiple treatments have been studied for the management of hot flashes in randomized, controlled trials, hot flash placebo responses have been quite variable across trials. Based on observations of trial reports, it was hypothesized that the magnitude of placebo effect might correlate with the number of baseline hot flashes in different studies. The current project examines the effect of the baseline hot flash frequency required for study participation and also the actual number of baseline hot flashes observed as these individually relate to the eventual reductions of hot flash frequency observed in patients receiving placebos. Methods: Data were collected from placebo-controlled, double-blinded, randomized trials, identified by a PubMed search, which reported hot flash frequency at baseline, 4–6 weeks and 12 weeks. Trials were excluded if they had less than 20 participants completing the placebo arm. Data gathered, in each study, included the number of hot flashes required to enroll in the study, the average hot flash number during the baseline period, and the hot flash changes in the placebo arms of each study (percent reduction from the baseline period). A simple statistical analysis was conducted in a descriptive fashion since standard deviation was not available in many trials. Scatter plots and Pearson's correlation coefficients demonstrated the relationships between the placebo hot flash percent reduction from baseline and both the minimum required number of hot flashes at baseline, and the mean number of hot flashes at baseline. Results: 45 trials with 49 placebo arms were included in this analysis. A significant positive correlation was seen between the number of hot flashes required to enroll in a study and the percent reduction of hot flashes from baseline at 4–6 weeks (Rho = 0.481, p = 0.003). There was also a significant positive correlation between the number of hot flashes at baseline and the percent reduction of hot flashes from baseline at 4–6 weeks (Rho = 0.481, p= 0.002) and at 12 weeks (Rho = 0.573, p= 0.003). Conclusions: These data support that higher baseline hot flash enrollment requirements and also higher baseline hot flash frequencies are associated with an increased placebo response. No significant financial relationships to disclose.

scholarly journals Assessment of bacteria and SPM in the indoor air of households of urban area of Jammu (J&K), India

2010 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-29
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Rampal ◽  
Neha Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Urban Area ◽  
Indoor Air ◽  
Water Body ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Total Bacterial Count ◽  
Positive Correlation

The present study was conducted to assess status of bacteria (Gram +ve and Gram –ve) in the indoor air of Households located in Jammu city. The study area was divided into eight Sites. At each site two Households were selected randomly and in each Household sampling of SPM (μg/m3) and bacteria (CFU/m3) was done twice at three sub sites. Total bacterial count and SPM was found to be maximum (9308.24 CFU/m3and1006.12 μg/m3 respectively) in Households near Water Body and total bacterial count and SPM was minimum (5251.00 CFU/m3and 659.09μg/m3respectively) in Households near Hospital. A significant positive correlation (r) was found between SPM and no. of Gram +ve (+0.18 to +0.78) as well as between SPM and no. of Gram –ve (+0.21 to +0.76) bacteria in the study area.

scholarly journals Study Assessing the Quality of Quantification of Estrogen Receptor Protein Expression by Immunohistochemistry and Gene Expression in Breast Cancer

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sas Leen ◽  
Van Laere Steven ◽  
Dierick Anne Marie ◽  
Duwel Valérie ◽  
De Pauw Annemie ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Receptor Protein ◽  
Estrogen Receptor Protein ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Esr1 Gene ◽  
Er Positive

Although immunohistochemistry (IHC) is a widely used technique to classify tumors in ER-positive versus ER-negative ones, interlab variabilities can occur. This study aims to investigate the influences of preanalytical and analytical factors on IHC results. For this purpose, the different steps of the preparation of IHC sections and scoring procedures were compared between two participating laboratories and a central lab. There was a significant positive correlation between the IHC results of the participating laboratories and those of the central lab (correlation coefficient > 0.600; P<0.05). Nevertheless, some discordant cases for immunostaining (5.3% for ER and 5.6% for PR) and for scoring (10.5% for PR) occur at site 1. Comparing IHC results with ESR1 gene expression results revealed a significant positive correlation (correlation coefficients > 0.769; P<0.05). PCR results of ER target genes showed some heterogeneity in the ER-signalling pathway. These results suggest that differences in the IHC procedure between these laboratories did not have a big influence on the end result. Nevertheless, discordant cases caused by preanalytical and analytical lab-specific procedures have been identified.

scholarly journals Validity of Four Commercial Bioelectrical Impedance Scales in Measuring Body Fat among Chinese Children and Adolescents

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Wang ◽  
Stanley Sai-chuen Hui
Keyword(s):  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Chinese Children ◽  
Fat Percentage ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Model C ◽  
Chinese Children And Adolescents

The aim of the study is to examine the validity in predicting body fat percentage (%BF) of different bioelectrical impedance (BIA) devices among Chinese children and adolescents. A total of 255 Chinese children and adolescents aged 9–19 years old participated in the study. %BF was assessed by BIA scales, namely, Biodynamics-310 (Model A), Tanita TBF-543 (Model B), Tanita BC-545 (Model C), and InBody 520 (Model D). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) was used as the criterion measurement. Lin’s concordance correlation coefficients of estimated %BF between Model A, Model B, Model C, and DXA showed poor agreements for both genders. Moderate agreements for %BF were found between DXA and Model D measurements. In boys, differences in %BF were found between DXA and Model B and Model C. No significant %BF differences were found between Model A, Model D, and DXA. However, the two BIA analyzers showed a significant positive correlation between the bias and average %BF between BIA and DXA. In girls, differences in %BF were observed between Model B, Model C, Model D, and DXA. Model A and DXA showed no significant differences of %BF; however, the bias and the average %BF between the BIA and DXA had a significant positive correlation. Using embedded equations in BIA devices should be validated in assessing the %BF of Chinese children and adolescents.

A comparison of two methods for evaluating surface properties of the lung

1965 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 782-784 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. F. Howatt ◽  
L. B. Strang
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Tension Properties ◽  
Fetal Lamb ◽  
Stability Method ◽  
Positive Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Surface Balance

Indices of the surface tension properties of fetal lamb lungs were obtained by the bubble stability method and from direct measurements of a lung extract on a Langmuir-Wilhelmy balance. A comparison of 102 determinations by each method on 31 fetal lamb lungs gave a statistically significant positive correlation coefficient. A comparison of the surface balance index with a pressure-volume deflation index and with gestation and of the bubble stability index with gestation gave statistically significant positive correlation coefficients. Storage by freezing for 21—112 days did not alter either index of surface tension. lung surface tension; measurement of lung surface tension; surface balance; lung bubbles Submitted on October 15, 1964

Biomonitoring of atmospheric heavy metals pollution using dust deposited on date palm leaves in southwestern Iran

Atmósfera ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zeinab Naderizadeh ◽  
Hossein Khademi ◽  
Shamsollah Ayoubi
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Urban Area ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Date Palm ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Atmospheric Dust ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Southwestern Iran

Heavy metals in dust are causing health problems in humans and other organisms. The main objectives of this study were to determine (1) the concentrations and the sources of heavy metals including Zn, Cu, Pb, Fe, Ni, Cr, Co and Mn, and (2) the contamination levels of metals in the dust of Bushehr (an urban area) and Assaluyeh (an industrial area) located in the province of Bushehr, southwestern Iran. Also, the transect between the two cities was investigated as a non-urban area. Fifty dust samples deposited on date palm leaves and 50 surface soil samples were collected. The mean concentrations of heavy metals in dust from the three areas were found to be higher than those of the nearby soils except for Co in Assaluyeh and Pb in Bushehr. Zn, Cu and Pb concentrations in dust samples from industrial and urban areas were higher than those in samples taken from the non-urban area. The results indicated minimal pollution levels of Mn, Fe and Cr, minimal to moderate levels of Co, moderate levels of Ni, moderate to significant levels of Cu, significant levels of Zn, and significant to very high levels of Pb in dust. The two main sources of different heavy metals in atmospheric dust deposited on date palm leaves were identified based on principal component analysis, cluster analysis and correlation analysis. Zn, Cu, and Pb seem to have anthropogenicsources, whereas Fe, Ni, Cr, Co, and Mn in atmospheric dust presumably derive from non-anthropogenic sources.In general, the implementation of environmental standards and improvement of the public transportation system are required to reduce the hazardous pollutants released into the atmosphere.

scholarly journals Level of Life Satisfaction and Psychological Flow among Female Students at Unaizah College, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 51-73
Author(s):  
د. فاتن هادي الحربي
Keyword(s):  
Life Satisfaction ◽  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
Psychometric Properties ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Female Students ◽  
Arabic Version ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Married Students

This study investigated the level of life satisfaction and psychological flow among female students at Unaizah College in Saudi Arabia. To achieve this, a measure for life satisfaction was developed and the Arabic version of the psychological flow measure, developed by Marsh and Jackson (1996), was adopted. After verifying the psychometric properties of the two scales, they were administered to a sample of 225 female students (79 married and 146 unmarried). The collected data was processed and analyzed by using the SPSS. The findings revealed that married students had more life satisfaction than unmarried ones, but there were no differences between them regarding the psychological flow. There was also a statistically significant positive correlation between life satisfaction and the psychological flow. Regarding specialization, students of engineering colleges showed more life satisfaction and psychological flow than students of human colleges. The study concluded with a set of recommendations, including encouraging female students to get married while at college.

Appraisal of Heavy Metals in Soil/Sediments with Relation to their Physico-chemical Properties from Ankaleshwar Industrial Area, South Gujarat

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Krushnath Shirke ◽  
N. J. Pawar
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Size Fraction ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Pollution Index ◽  
Industrial Area ◽  
Exchange Capacity ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Physico Chemical

Extensive industrialization in the southern part of Gujarat is characterized by regional pollution of soil and water resources. In view of this, the present study has been undertaken in Ankaleshwar, one of the biggest industrial townships of India. About, 25 surface sediment /soil samples were collected from top 10 cm representing entire study area and were analyzed for heavy metals by using X-ray fluorescence spectrometer (XRF). The heavy metals concentrations were compared with the standard shale to find out pollution index (PI), results shows the significant enrichment for arsenic, moderate enrichment for Pb and minimal enrichment for metals in descending order as Fe>Mn>Cr>Ni>Co>Zn>Cu>Mo. Physico-chemical properties such as texture, cation exchange capacity, total carbonate and organic matter, as well as the percentages of the sand, silt, and clay fractions have been examined. It is observed that heavy metals like Ni, Cu, Zn, and Mo show a positive correlation with the silt size fraction. Similarly, Mn, Cr, As, and Pb show positive correlation with clay size fraction. Chemical properties like EC, CEC and organic matter have control over majority of heavy metals. High correlation with these properties suggests that higher ionic conductivity soils have high heavy metal content. The effect of these properties can be arranged in descending order as follows: EC >OM > Clay % >Silt % > CEC.

Influence of Lung Volume on the Airflow-Intensity Relationship

1984 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 430-435 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phillip Schneider ◽  
R. J. Baken
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Lung Volume ◽  
Significant Positive Correlation ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Intrasubject Variability ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Subglottal Pressure

This study reports airflow-intensity relationships observed in crescendo and decrescendo phonations produced at three fundamental frequency levels by l0 men. The purpose of the investigation was to study the possible influence of lung volume on airflow-intensity relationships. Of the 30 decrescendo phonations, 26 showed statistically significant correlation coefficients and none showed significant negative correlations. The crescendo phonations, however, showed greater inter- and intrasubject variability. Of the 30 crescendo phonations, 16 showed statistically significant positive correlation coefficients and 6 showed significant negative correlations. Because lung inflation varied directly with intensity in the decrescendo task and indirectly in the crescendo task, it was concluded that lung volume does influence the consistency and strength of relationship between airflow and intensity. The findings are discussed in terms of the influence of lung volume on the relative contributions of glottal resistance and expiratory force to the regulation of subglottal pressure.

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