An XML infrastructure

Author(s):  
C. M. Sperberg-McQueen

Spell checking has both practical and theoretical significance. The practical connections seem obvious: spell checking makes it easier to find some kinds of errors in documents. But spell checking is sometimes harder and less capable in XML than it could be. If a spell checker could exploit markup instead of just ignoring it, could spell checking be easier and more useful? The theoretical foundations of spell checking may be less obvious, but every spell checker operationalizes both a simple model of language and a model of errors and error correction. The SCX (spell checking for XML) framework is intended to support the author's experimentation with different models of language and errors: it uses XML technologies to tokenize documents, spell check them, provide a user interface for acting on the flags raised by the spell checker, and inserting the corrections into the original text.

Author(s):  
مهند المحمدي ◽  
محمد الحياني

The research aims to measure and analyze the determinants of investment in the Iraqi economy and study the theoretical foundations of investment and analyze the viewpoint of the most important schools of economic thought regarding investment and investment determinants and their effects on economic activity , and by using possible standard models as the results of standard analysis using the joint integration tests of time series . cointegration tests, they have proven the existence of a long-term equilibrium relationship according to the methodology of the results of estimating the short and long-term parameters and the error correction parameter(ECM) , it is moving from a set of explanatory variables towards The dependent variable, while the value of the error correction vector coefficient was negative and significant , as it reached (-0.59%) , which means the fulfillment of the two basic conditions in this parameter , namely : its negative value and the statistical significance . This means that (0.59) of the short-term errors are automatically corrected during the unit of time (year) to reach the equilibrium in the long term, meaning that the investment requires about less then a year (1.6) , that is , approximately a year and 6 days to reach its equilibrium value in the long term , In other words , the previous period deviates from the long-term equilibrium and is corrected in the current by (59%) . This indicates that the adjustment in the model was relatively fast .


2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Hazelynn Rimbar

Recent studies show that spell-checkers help reduce students’ surface errors in writing by flagging spelling errors and giving correct spelling suggestions. This study investigates if the error correction provided by the spell-checker tool in word processors are internalized by students. A quasi-experimental two-group study was conducted on 30 Form 1 students in a school in Kuching, Sarawak.  The learners were given dictations which contained words listed as commonly misspelled words according to Oxford University Press (2012). The experimental group were given three dictations- one in which they used word processors and allowed to use the spell-checker tool and the control group was given two dictations, both handwritten. The data gathered were analysed using a software for statistical analysis. This study found that, while the spell-checker helped the learners revise their spelling on one dictation exercise, learners still made the same errors in their spelling after the use of spell-checkers. Therefore it argues that while spell-checkers help eliminate surface errors, they have very little influence on correcting the errors on the cognitive level. Keywords: Spell-checkers, word processors, error correction, dictation, spellingCite as: Rimbar, H. (2017). The influence of spell-checkers on students’ ability to generate repairs of spelling errors. Journal of Nusantara Studies, 2(1), 1-12.


1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nina M. Matrosova

Development of information systems in management education is an urgent problem to implement information technology in the education area. The primary objective of the study of this problem is to determine the theoretical foundations of information systems. Subject of the article is devoted to methodological aspects of information systems for creating the information systems profile and building the user interface. The paper presents the principles of construction, the structure of the profile and requirements to user interface. The source reflects the results of studies in the research work "Scientific and methodological support of information systems planning research in the National Academy of Pedagogical Sciences of Ukraine on the basis of the Internet», № s.r. 0109U002139.


Author(s):  
Elena Ezhova

The reference gives a characteristic to the new monography titled “The professional competences of a specialist in communications of the XXI century”, which is the result of a long-term group study of the Communication Technologies and PR Department of St. Petersburgh State Economic University. The monography has been edited by the Head of the Department, professor A. D. Krivonosov. The analysis of the research strategy put into the basis of the monography is provided: from the study of specific features of a contemporary public environment to the determination of professional competences of specialists in communication sphere demanded in the society and further to the development of the model of a foresight approach to forming communicative competences and skills. The obvious advantage of the monography is a close connection between the theoretical foundations and the actual reality of the development of Russian education in communication sphere. The study topicality, sequence in the solution of the set tasks, presentation clarity, scientific value as well as theoretical significance of the monography, the validity of the conclusions have been analyzed. The recommendations for the practical use of the work are given.


2019 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 2189-2194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Thielecke ◽  
Kerstin Cornils ◽  
Ingmar Glauche

Abstract Motivation Genetic barcodes have been established as an efficient method to trace clonal progeny of uniquely labeled cells by introducing artificial genetic sequences into the corresponding genomes. The assessment of those sequences relies on next generation sequencing and the subsequent analysis aiming to identify sequences of interest and correctly quantifying their abundance. Results We developed the genBaRcode package as a toolbox combining the flexibility of digesting next generation sequencing reads with or without a sophisticated barcode structure, with a variety of error-correction approaches and the availability of several types of visualization routines. Furthermore, a graphical user interface was incorporated to allow also less experienced R users package-based analyses. Finally, the provided tool is intended to bridge the gap between generating and analyzing barcode data and thereby supporting the establishment of standardized and reproducible analysis strategies. Availability and implementation The genBaRcode package is available at CRAN (https://cran.r-project.org/package=genBaRcode).


1989 ◽  
Vol 33 (17) ◽  
pp. 1143-1143
Author(s):  
Jeffrey A. Fox ◽  
Sidney L. Smith

A well-designed user interface is important for the success and acceptance of any software product. Some experts believe that user interface design can be improved through the application of specific rules translated from general design guidelines. Derivation of design rules from guidelines can be aided by computer tools. But storing guidelines in a computer may offer no advantage over printed text unless the computer also provides aids for selecting and applying design guidelines. DRUED development has been sponsored by The MITRE Corporation as a tool for improving user interface design. DRUID is based on the 944 design guidelines proposed in Smith and Mosier's 1986 Guidelines for Designing User Interface Software. But DRUID's capabilities extend beyond that original text and provide further aids for user interface design. Initial DRUID capabilities demonstrated in 1988 support the review of design guidelines as an “electronic book”, enabling a user to navigate through structured hypertext to find specific guidelines, to find functionally related guidelines, and to browse through guidelines at will. DRUID also permits ready retrieval of related guideline material by cross referencing and via a topical index. Newly developed DRUID capabilities extend that electronic book and move toward a computer-based design tool. DRUID users can now specify relevant guidelines for a system design application and rate the relative importance of those selected guidelines. Proposed future DRUID capabilities will provide functions to rate design compliance with those selected guidelines, to aid the translation of guidelines into specific design rules, and to develop rule-based templates to support modular design of user interface software. DRUID is implemented on the Apple Macintosh II computer with HyperCard software. The user interface for DRUID is designed to accommodate both expert and novice users. A DRUID user can accomplish sequence control either by pointing (via mouse) or by keyed command entries. DRUID computer aids promise to help expedite and reduce the cost of the development of user interface software. Those aids should also help improve the quality and consistency of user interface software through rule-based design.


Author(s):  
Guzel R. Nasibullova ◽  
Talant D. Bimakhanov ◽  
Alsu Kh. Ashrapova

The expression of an emotional state is a main feature that distinguishes fiction from other literary trends. The problem of emotivity is now among the most discussed issues in anthropocentric linguistics, but despite the researchers’ great attention, many of its aspects are still debatable. In the present research, features of the language transfer of emotions are investigated in the translation of fiction from English into Russian. The novel «Howl’s moving castle» by Diana Wynne Jones (1986) was selected as a material for monitoring the process of translating emotive vocabulary. Authors sought to classify the emotive vocabulary in an artistic work, and also consider and analyze the translation of this lexicon into Russian that was translated by Jones (2013). The following methods were used to solve tasks: A comparative analysis of the translation with original text, and transformational, quantitative, statistical analysis. The theoretical basis of research included classifications of emotive vocabulary that was proposed by Shakhovski (2008), and the classification of emotions by Izard (2007), as well as the classification of translational transformations by Barkhudarov (1975) and Komissarov (1990). The theoretical significance of research lies in the fact that the text emotivity phenomenon is considered according to the comparative linguistics, in general, and the theory of translation in particular. The equivalence of concepts of equivalence and adequacy of translation is justified and clearly demonstrated. The practical value of study is determined by the possibility of applying its results in the artistic translation, in teaching the methodology of translation, in development of didactic manuals on the theory and practice of translation, in the teaching English at senior courses of universities on practical lessons and seminars in special courses.


Author(s):  
Javier Arranz Albó

El objetivo del presente artículo, pretende definir una serie de principios teórico prácticos, sobre el uso de la metodología hermenéutica, contextualizada en el terreno axiológico del deporte, palabra que proviene del griego-ἑρμηνεύειν-interpretar, explicar o traducir. Partiremos del supuesto, que los seres humanos, no podemos vivir sin la existencia de los valores, debemos posicionarnos axiológicamente. La hermenéutica, como método aplicado a la teoría de los valores deportivos, nos servirá para comprender críticamente los procedimientos de racionalidad vital, posibilitar la comprensión y la transmisión histórica, lo que nos obligará a ser capaces de proponer nuevos fundamentos teóricos para el análisis de las relaciones humanas. Pretenderemos, en nuestro estudio, profundizar en el terreno de la significación teórica, un hecho que derivará en un giro a la investigación tradicional, sobre todo en el contexto de trabajos comunicativos. Hemos de fijarnos como principal objetivo del estudio, abrir la necesidad dialógica de nuevas formas de entendimiento sobre el significado de la realidad como algo diverso y complejo.Como principales conclusiones, pensamos, que la aplicación de una metodología hermenéutica, nos posibilitará poder adentrarnos en la cuestión del tiempo histórico, en la relación entre historia y tiempo, que es donde se sitúa la confrontación entre pasado y futuro; también entre experiencia y expectativa, un acontecimiento que puede derivar en una forma de vida, una manera de conseguir la recuperación de la capacidad interpretativa, hecho que otorgará una base científica a todos los estudios referidos a valores deportivos AbstractThis article aims to define a set of theoretical and practical principles on the use of the contextualized hermeneutic methodology in the axiological field of sport. The word hermeneutics comes from the Greek -ἑρμηνεύειν- which means “to interpret, explain or translate”. We will start from the assumption that we human beings cannot live without the values’ existence, we must position ourselves in an axiological way. By applying hermeneutics to the theory of sport’s values, it will help us to critically understand the procedures of vital rationality, enable understanding, and also the historical transmission, which will make us capable of coming up with new theoretical foundations for the analysis of human relationships. In our study, we intend to go deeper into the field of theoretical significance, a fact that will lead to a turnaround in traditional research, especially in the context of communicative works. The main purpose of the study must be to open up the dialogic need for new ways of understanding the meaning of reality as something diverse and complex. As main conclusions, we believe that the application of a hermeneutic methodology will enable us to get into the question of historical time and the relationship between history and time where the confrontation between the past and the future, or between experience and expectation, is situated. All this will allow us to achieve the recovery of the interpretative capacity, something that will give a scientific basis to all the studies referred to as sport values.


Author(s):  
Yoshinari Hachisu ◽  
Atsushi Yoshida

In this chapter, the authors propose a system for generating error correction questions of programs, which are suitable for developing debugging skills in programming education. The system generates HTML files for answering questions and CGI programs for checking answers. They are deployed on a Web server, and learners read and answer questions on Web browsers. It provides an intuitive user interface; a learner can edit codes in place at the text. To make programs including errors for learning debugging, the authors analyze types of errors and define the processes of error injection as code transformation patterns. If learners can edit any codes freely, it is difficult to check all possible answers. Instead, the authors adopt a strategy to restrict editable points and possible answers from the educational view. A demonstration of error correction questions of the C language is available at http://ecq.tebasaki.jp/.


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