Crank Angle - Based Diesel Engine Modeling for Hardware-in-the-Loop Applications with In-Cylinder Pressure Sensors

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tino Schulze ◽  
Markus Wiedemeier ◽  
Herbert Schuette
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Hardware In The Loop ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Engine Modeling ◽  
Crank Angle

scholarly journals Repeatability of High-Pressure Measurement in a Diesel Engine Test Bed

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (12) ◽  
pp. 3478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomasz Skrzek ◽  
Mirosław Rucki ◽  
Krzysztof Górski ◽  
Jonas Matijošius ◽  
Dalibor Barta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Pressure Measurement ◽  
Ignition Process ◽  
Engine Test ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Test Bed ◽  
Working Cycle ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
Maximal Pressure ◽  
Measured Pressure

This paper addresses the issue of metrological accuracy of instantaneous in-cylinder pressure measurement in a diesel engine test bed. In studies, the central unit has been the single-cylinder AVL 5402 engine. The pressure measurement was performed with a sensor designed for thermodynamic analysis, and the results were related to the crank angle, where two rotations corresponding to the four-stroke working cycle were denoted as angles between −360° and +360°. The novelty of this paper is the proposition of how to perform a type A uncertainty estimation of the in-cylinder pressure measurement and to assess its repeatability. It was demonstrated that repeatability of the measurement during the ignition process was difficult to estimate because of the phenomena that cannot ensure the repeatability conditions. To solve the problem, two methods were proposed. In one method, the pressure was measured in the subsequent cycles immediately after the ignition was turned off, and in another method, the engine was driven by a starter. The latter method provided maximal pressure values much lower than during usual tests. The obtained repeatability of measured pressure was %EV = 0.4%, which proved high capability of the evaluated measurement system.

A Research on Engine Phase and Speed Estimation Method Based on Cylinder Pressure Sensor

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinli Wang ◽  
Fuyuan Yang ◽  
Minggao Ouyang ◽  
Ying Huang
Keyword(s):  
Pressure Sensor ◽  
Engine Speed ◽  
Combustion Engine ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Estimation Method ◽  
Speed Estimation ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
State Control ◽  
Experimental Proof ◽  
Crank Angle

Cylinder pressure based combustion state control is a direction that has drawn much attention in the field of internal combustion engine control, especially in the field of diesel HCCI (Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition) research. In-cylinder pressure sensors have the potential to diagnose or even replace many traditional sensors, including camshaft and crankshaft sensors. This paper did research on engine synchronization method based on in-cylinder pressure signal. The research was based on a 4-cylinder high pressure common rail diesel engine equipped with 4 PSG (Pressure Sensor Glow Plug) type piezo-resistance cylinder pressure sensors, intended for HCCI research. Through theoretical analysis and experimental proof, methods and models for cylinder identification, engine phase estimation and engine speed estimation are given and further verified by experiments. Results show that cylinder pressure sensor could be used to identify cylinder instead of cam shaft sensor. The models for engine phase and speed estimation have been proved to have precision of 3° crank angle and 4.6rpm, respectively. The precision of engine phase and speed estimation provides a possibility for the engine to run if the crankshaft sensor fails, but more researches have to be carried out with respect to crankshaft sensor replacement.

A New Criterion to Determine the Start of Combustion in Diesel Engine

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tomazˇ Katrasˇnik ◽  
Samuel Rodman Opresˇnik ◽  
Ferdinand Trenc ◽  
Nedjeljko Sˇkific´
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Third Order ◽  
First Law Of Thermodynamics ◽  
The Third ◽  
Crank Angle ◽  
New Criterion ◽  
Start Of Combustion

A new criterion for the determination of the start of combustion (SOC) from the diesel engine in-cylinder pressure diagram was developed. It is defined as the maximum of the third order derivative of the cylinder pressure with respect the crank angle. This criterion declares SOC more precisely than other previously published criterions based on pressure diagnostics. This fact was proven analytically and was discernable from the analysis of the experimental data. Beside its accuracy it is also robust enough to allow automatic evaluation of the SOC during processing of the pressure data for a large number of cycles. Analysis of the first law of thermodynamics applied to the engine cylinder showed that the third order derivative of the cylinder pressure with respect to the crank angle is the most suitable criterion for determination of the SOC from the cylinder pressure diagram. Subsequently the criterion was validated through experimental data analysis of the cylinder pressure diagrams for various engine speeds and loads. Cylinder pressure diagrams were processed with a computer code based on the first law of thermodynamics to evaluate the rate of heat release (ROHR), which formed the base for experimental validation. The cylinder pressure was measured with an advanced piezoelectric sensor at the resolution 0.1 deg. CA. Top dead center was determined with the capacitive top dead center sensor. Due to the analytic foundation of the developed method and its validation through highly accurate experimental data it can be concluded that new criterion is credible for the determination of the SOC.

Experimental investigation of the combustion characteristics of a biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester)-fuelled direct-injection transportation diesel engine

2007 ◽  
Vol 221 (8) ◽  
pp. 921-932 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Sinha ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Methyl Ester ◽  
Vegetable Oils ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Direct Injection ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Biodiesel Blends ◽  
Crank Angle

Increased environmental awareness and depletion of fossil petroleum resources are driving industry to develop alternative fuels that are environmentally more acceptable. Transesterified vegetable oil derivatives called ‘biodiesel’ appear to be the most convenient way of utilizing bio-origin vegetable oils as substitute fuels in diesel engines. The methyl esters of vegetable oils do not require significant modification of existing engine hardware. Previous research has shown that biodiesel has comparable performance and lower brake specific fuel consumption than diesel with significant reduction in emissions of CO, hydrocarbons (HC), and smoke but slightly increased NO x emissions. In the present experimental research work, methyl ester of rice-bran oil is derived through transesterification of rice-bran oil using methanol in the presence of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) catalyst. Experimental investigations have been carried out to examine the combustion characteristics in a direct injection transportation diesel engine running with diesel, biodiesel (rice-bran oil methyl ester), and its blends with diesel. Engine tests were performed at different engine loads ranging from no load to rated (100 per cent) load at two different engine speeds (1400 and 1800 r/min). A careful analysis of the cylinder pressure rise, heat release, and other combustion parameters such as the cylinder peak combustion pressure, rate of pressure rise, crank angle at which peak pressure occurs, rate of pressure rise, and mass burning rates was carried out. All test fuels exhibited similar combustion stages as diesel; however, biodiesel blends showed an earlier start of combustion and lower heat release during premixed combustion phase at all engine load-speed combinations. The maximum cylinder pressure reduces as the fraction of biodiesel increases in the blend and, at higher engine loads, the crank angle position of the peak cylinder pressure for biodiesel blends shifted away from the top dead centre in comparison with baseline diesel data. The maximum rate of pressure rise was found to be higher for diesel at higher engine loads; however, combustion duration was higher for biodiesel blends.

Diesel Engine Combustion Sensing Methodology Based on Vibration Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 136 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ponti Fabrizio ◽  
Ravaglioli Vittorio ◽  
Cavina Nicolò ◽  
De Cesare Matteo
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Real Time Analysis

The increasing request for pollutant emissions reduction spawned a great deal of research in the field of combustion control and monitoring. As a matter of fact, newly developed low temperature combustion strategies for diesel engines allow obtaining a significant reduction both in particulate matter and NOx emissions, combining the use of high EGR rates with a proper injection strategy. Unfortunately, due to their nature, these innovative combustion strategies are very sensitive to in-cylinder thermal conditions. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable combustion, a closed-loop combustion control methodology is needed. Many works demonstrate that a closed-loop combustion control strategy can be based on real-time analysis of in-cylinder pressure trace that provides important information about the combustion process, such as start of combustion, center of combustion and torque delivered by each cylinder. Nevertheless, cylinder pressure sensors on-board installation is still uncommon, due to problems related to unsatisfactory measurement long term reliability and cost. This paper presents a newly developed approach that allows extracting information about combustion effectiveness through the analysis of engine vibrations. In particular, the developed methodology can be used to obtain an accurate estimation of the indicated quantities of interest combining the information provided by engine speed fluctuations measurement and by the signals coming from acceleration transducers mounted on the engine. This paper also reports the results obtained applying the whole methodology to a light-duty turbocharged common rail diesel engine.

A Model-Based Methodology for Real-Time Estimation of Diesel Engine Cylinder Pressure

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Al-Durra ◽  
Marcello Canova ◽  
Stephen Yurkovich
Keyword(s):  
Signal Processing ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Operating Conditions ◽  
Recursive Least Squares ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Model Based ◽  
Crank Angle

Cylinder pressure is one of the most important parameters characterizing the combustion process in an internal combustion engine. The recent developments in engine control technologies suggest the use of cylinder pressure as a feedback signal for closed-loop combustion control. However, the sensors measuring in-cylinder pressure are typically subject to noise and offset issues, requiring signal processing methods to be applied to obtain a sufficiently accurate pressure trace. The signal conditioning implies a considerable computational burden, which ultimately limits the use of cylinder pressure sensing to laboratory testing, where the signal can be processed off-line. In order to enable closed-loop combustion control through cylinder pressure feedback, a real-time algorithm that extracts the pressure signal from the in-cylinder sensor is proposed in this study. The algorithm is based on a crank-angle based engine combustion of that predicts the in-cylinder pressure from the definition of a burn rate function. The model is then adapted to model-based estimation by applying an extended Kalman filter in conjunction with a recursive least-squares estimation scheme. The estimator is tested on a high-fidelity diesel engine simulator as well as on experimental data obtained at various operating conditions. The results obtained show the effectiveness of the estimator in reconstructing the cylinder pressure on a crank-angle basis and in rejecting measurement noise and modeling errors. Furthermore, a comparative study with a conventional signal processing method shows the advantage of using the derived estimator, especially in the presence of high signal noise (as frequently happens with low-cost sensors).

Accelerometer Signal to Characterize the Combustion Development in Multiple Injection Diesel Engine

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Chiatti ◽  
O. Chiavola ◽  
E. Recco
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Rise ◽  
Vibration Signal ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Multiple Injection ◽  
Real Time Control ◽  
Common Rail Injection System ◽  
Crank Angle

This work constitutes one of the last steps of a comprehensive research program in which vibration sensors are used with the purpose of developing and setting up a methodology that is able to perform a real time control of the combustion process by means of non-intrusive measurements. Previous obtained and published results have demonstrated that a direct relationship exists between in-cylinder pressure and engine block vibration signals. The analysis of the processed data have highlighted that the block vibration signal may be used to locate, in the crank–angle domain, the combustion phases (the start of the combustion, the crank angle value corresponding to the beginning of main combustion and to the in-cylinder pressure maximum value) and to quantify the in-cylinder pressure development by evaluating the pressure peak value and the pressure rise rate caused by the combustion process. The aim of this work is to extend and validate the developed methodology when a multiple-injection strategy is imposed on the engine. The paper presents the results obtained during the experimentation of a two cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common rail injection system, that was performed in the Laboratory of the Mechanical and Industrial Department of ‘ROMA TRE’ University. During the tests, a wide variation of the injection parameters settings is imposed on the engine (timing and duration) in its complete operative field.

Diesel Engine Combustion Sensing Methodology Based on Vibration Analysis

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Ponti ◽  
V. Ravaglioli ◽  
N. Cavina ◽  
M. De Cesare
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Closed Loop ◽  
Combustion Process ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Thermal Conditions ◽  
Pollutant Emissions ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Combustion Control ◽  
Real Time Analysis

The increasing request for pollutant emissions reduction spawned a great deal of research in the field of combustion control and monitoring. As a matter of fact, newly developed low temperature combustion strategies for Diesel engines allow obtaining a significant reduction both in particulate matter and NOx emissions, combining the use of high EGR rates with a proper injection strategy. Unfortunately, due to their nature, these innovative combustion strategies are very sensitive to in-cylinder thermal conditions. Therefore, in order to obtain a stable combustion, a closed-loop combustion control methodology is needed. Many works demonstrate that a closed-loop combustion control strategy can be based on real-time analysis of in-cylinder pressure trace, that provides important information about the combustion process, such as start of combustion, center of combustion and torque delivered by each cylinder. Nevertheless, cylinder pressure sensors on-board installation is still uncommon, due to problems related to unsatisfactory measurement long term reliability and cost. This paper presents a newly developed approach that allows extracting information about combustion effectiveness through the analysis of engine vibrations. In particular, the developed methodology can be used to obtain an accurate estimation of the indicated quantities of interest combining the information provided by engine speed fluctuations measurement and by the signals coming from acceleration transducers mounted on the engine. This paper also reports the results obtained applying the whole methodology to a light-duty turbocharged Common Rail Diesel engine.

Accelerometer-Based Combustion Metrics Reconstruction With Radial Basis Function Neural Network for a 9 L Diesel Engine

2013 ◽  
Vol 136 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Libin Jia ◽  
Jeffrey Naber ◽  
Jason Blough ◽  
Seyed Alireza Zekavat
Keyword(s):  
Neural Network ◽  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Radial Basis Function ◽  
Basis Function ◽  
Pressure Sensors ◽  
Weight Vector ◽  
Injection System ◽  
Primary Concern ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Radial Basis

Accelerometer-based combustion sensing in diesel engines has the potential of providing feedback for combustion control to reduce fuel consumption and engine emissions at a lower cost than in-cylinder pressure sensors. In this work, triaxial block-mounted accelerometers were used to measure the engine vibration, and pressure transducers were installed to measure the in-cylinder pressure. The in-cylinder pressure can be further utilized to compute combustion metrics, including the apparent heat release rate (AHR). Engine tests were conducted for various speeds, torques, and start of injections, on a 9 L in-line six-cylinder diesel engine equipped with a common rail high pressure injection system. The relationship between engine block acceleration and AHR was modeled using a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN). By inputting the accelerometer signal to the fixed network, AHR and other combustion metrics were estimated. As the primary concern for radial basis network training is the hidden layer weight vector selection, two algorithms for weight vector selection (modified Gram–Schmidt orthogonalization and principal component analysis) were evaluated by examining the robustness of the resulting network. One-third of the conducted tests were utilized to train the network. The network was then applied to estimate the AHR for the remaining validation tests which were not used to train the network. Comparisons were made based on the combustion metrics estimation results and the selection efficiency among the two weight vector selection methods and the random selection method. Moreover, the capability concerning the network's tolerance for additive noise was also investigated. Results confirmed that the modified Gram–Schmidt method achieved much more accurately estimated combustion metrics with the highest efficiency. On the basis of this study, a real-time closed-loop control strategy was proposed with the feedback provided based on the application of the trained RBFNN.

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